初中简单语法总结

初中简单语法总结1、 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与 sometimes, always, often, every day 等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.2、 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, at present 等时间状语连用。如： What are you doing now? (2) 和 always, continually 等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如： He is always doing good deeds.3、 现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如：Have you ever been to Beijing?4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow, next year 等连用。如： Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如： What were you doing this time yesterday?7、 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：8、 The train had already left before we arrived.8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如： He said he would come, but he didnt.9、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以 give 为例。 时式 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is given are am is being are has been given have 过去 was given were was being given were had been given 将来 shall be given will shall have been given will 过去将来 should be given would should have been given would惯用法和句型 一、简单句的五类结构句型： 1、主语+不及物动词 Class begins. 2、主语+不及物动词+宾语 We like English. 3、主语+连系动词+表语 They all look fine. 4、主语+不及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother gave me a present. 5、主语+不及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 The teacher asked me to practise English. 二、含有ing句型: 一）固定结构： 1. keep doing 2. keep /carry on doing 3. keep sb. Doing 4. enjoy doing (He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.) 5. finish doing 6. be afraid of doing 7. be worth doing 8. be busy doing 9. be/get/become used to doing （We are used to living in the countryside. ） 10. dislike doing (She dislikes doing housework.) 11. how about doing/what about doing 12. spend some time (in)doing 13. spend some money (in) buying 14. feel like doing 15. stop/keep/prevent from doing 16. thank you for doing 17. thanks for doing 18. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing 19. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 20. mind doing 21. prefer doing to doing 22. practise (practice) doing (He practices speaking English every day.) 23. cant help doing 24. have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 25. waste time/money doing 26. instead of doing 27. miss doing 28. look forward to doing期望（渴望）做某事 (Im looking forward to getting your letter.) 29. thankfor doing 二）need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如： 1The windows require cleaning. （The windows require to be cleaned. ） 2The patient needs operating on at once. （The patient needs to be operated on. ） 3The flowers want watering. （The flowers want to be watered. ） 一、出现以下词，用do填空：can , could, may, must, need, had better, why not,make, have to, lets, see, hear, watch, notice, Will ( Would ) you please?二、出现以下词，用to do 填空：would like, want, begin, start, hope, decide, ask, wish, have something to do, tell, take time, its time, remember, forget, learn, teach, try, stop, plan, adj./疑问词后，take ,allow, encourage, warn, Its +形容词to do something, discuss, know, refuse, invite , getorder, like, offer, lend, make up ones mind to do, set ones mind to do, enough, need三、出现以下词，用doing 填空：finish, like, enjoy, mind, keep, be busy, there be, do some, go doing, prevent, be worth, spend,practice, feel like, thank somebody for doing something ,stop, excuse somebody for doing something, cant help, preferto,look forward tohate, mention, have fun doing,介词：at, in , on, of , from, for, about, with, without, ,make a contribution to, be used to, hear, see, watch, notice, listen,四、基数词的特殊变化one-first ; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth; twenty-twentieth; twenty-one-twenty-first5、 表示天气的词1.sunsunny 2.cloudcloudy 3.rainrainy 4.windwindy 5.fogfoggy 6.mistmisty 7.snowsnowy 8.showershowery六、代词的变化：主格宾格所有格(adj.)所有格（n.）反身代词I -me-my-mine-myselfyou-you-your-yours-yourselfhe-him-his-his-himselfshe-her-her-hers-herselfit-it-its-its- itselfwe-us-our-ours-ourselvesyou-you-your-yours-yourselvesthey-them-their-theirs-themselves七 不规则形容词和副词的比较级及最高级：1.goodbetterbest 2.wellbetterbest 3.muchmoremost 4.manymoremost 5.badworseworst 6.badlyworseworst 7.illworseworst8.farfartherfarthest9.oldolderoldest10.oldeldereldest 11.littlelessleastother staff of the Centre. During the war, Zhu was transferred back to Jiangxi, and Director of the new Office in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Committee Secretary. Starting in 1939 served as recorder of the West North Organization, Secretary of the Special CommitteeAfter the victory of the l