商务合同模版精选.docx

商务合同模版精选商务合同模版精选 涉外商务合同按繁简不同，尽管可以采取不同书面形 式，如正式合同、协议书、确认书、备忘录、订单等等， 但是一般都包含如下几个部分： 订约日期和地点 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所 当事人合法依据Each partys authority，比如，该 公司是“按当地法律正式组织而存在的” 订约缘由/说明条款 定义条款 基本条款 一般条款 a. 合同有效期 b. 合同的终止 c. 不可抗力 d. 合同的让与 e. 仲裁 f. 适用的法律 g. 诉讼管辖 h. 通知手续 i. 合同修改 j. 其它 结尾语，包括份数、使用的文字和效力等 签名 盖印 以上的格式和内容并非一成不变，当事人可以根据各 自交易情况做出调整或增删。 Chapter 24： Writing a Paragraph： Focus on Coherence and Unity The last chapter discussed the importance of using good grammar and good word choice in your writing. However, the most grammatically perfect paragraph will not receive a good grade if it is poorly organized and not focused on a central idea. The paragraph must have unity and coherence. These ideas were discussed briefly in chapter 22, but in this chapter we will explore unity and coherence more fully so that you can learn how these elements impact your writing. As you learned in Chapter 22, coherence is whether or not what you write makes sense and whether or not the ideas are arranged in a logical manner. If ideas are out of order in writing, then the reader has a very difficult time trying to understand your point. As a result the reader will lose interest and you will not be able to convey your point. Unity is equally important. Unity means that your writing sticks to one point at a time. When you mix and match ideas in writing jumping from one idea to the next and back again, the reader has a hard time following you. Inevitably, the reader will not understand your point and will eventually lose interest. This chapter explores ways to help you make certain that your writing is both coherent and unified. Chapter 21： Writing a Paragraph： Devising a Plan - Outline Once you have generated a topic sentence and the details to support that topic sentence, it is time to organize your ideas. By organizing your ideas you will create a clear picture of the structure of your paragraph. The most efficient way to organize ideas is to outline them. With the aid of an outline you will be able to decide if you have enough supporting ideas for your topic sentence and you will be able to eliminate those details that do not support your topic sentence. The outline will also let you test various methods of organization to decide which one suits your topic sentence the best and let you test the placement of your topic sentence within the paragraph to see where it will have the greatest impact on the reader. With the use of an outline you should be able to create organized, coherent, unified, well-supported paragraphs. Chapter 23： Writing a Paragraph： Polishing, Proofreading, and Preparing Final Copy？Final Lines The last step in the writing process is proofreading. After you have finished developing and supporting your ideas and after you have checked the organization, it is time to put the finishing touches on your paragraph. As your last step you need to check the spelling, punctuation, mechanics, and word choice of your paragraph as well as check to be certain you have a concluding statement. You cannot check all of these things in one reading so you should break the task into sections. First, check the punctuation and mechanics of your paragraphs. This means you are making sure you dont have errors like comma splices or fragments. You are also making sure you put question marks at the ends of questions and periods at the ends of statements. The next step is to check your word choice and spelling. You want to be sure that you have used the correct words for your intended meaning, so you want to be sure that you havent used a two when you need a too. Be sure to double check the spelling of any word you often misspell and look up any word you are unsure of. If you are word processing, use the spell check on your computer to help you with your possible spelling mistakes. Chapter 26： Writing from Reading The first step when you write from what you read is to be sure you understand what you have read. To ensure your understanding, you should be an active reader. This means that you should read more than once with a different purpose each time, you should ask questions before, during, and after you read, and you should make notes as you read. Once you have read actively, you will be prepared to write in a number of different ways. You will be able to summarize what you have read. That means you are accurately re-telling the authors main ideas in your own words. A summary also gives the major supporting details the author has used to support the main ideas. Once again though, summaries are written in YOUR words not the authors words. Another method of writing about what you have read is to respond to the reading. When you respond to a reading, you pick out a particular point or idea that the author has made and then brainstorm to develop your own ideas based on the authors thought. Unlike summarizing, you are generating your own ideas based on the authors original thought. Rather than generating a new idea, you may also choose to respond to an idea in the reading. You may agree or disagree with a point the author has made. In your writing, you will explain why you agree or disagree with that point. Once again, you are coming up with your own reasoning and your own wording in response to something you have read. A particular type of writing you will be required to do is writing answers to essay tests. Essay test questions often ask you to read material and then either summarize the material or respond to it in a particular way. The one thing that makes essay test writing different from other writing situations is the time limit. In a testing situation you will carefully monitor your use of time and you wont put all of the polishing touches in that you would if you had unlimited time to complete the writing. These are some of the ways you can tie the material that you read to the material you write. You will find that if you follow the advice given in this chapter that you will never be at a loss for a topic to write about. Chapter 25： Writing a Paragraph： Focus on Support and Details In this chapter you will study the importance of being specific in the details you use to support an idea. When you write in vague, general terms, you leave the reader to interpret what you mean and often the reader will not have enough information to accurately do that. You must be clear in your meaning so that anyone who reads your work understands exactly what you want him to understand. It is equally important that you provide enough information to support your ideas. Generally you need 3 to 5 examples per idea to be sure youve given sufficient support. The best way to develop support is to ask yourself questions about your ideas. You can evaluate the support at each stage of the writing process. Much of the work that you do in the rough lines editing is evaluating support and asking questions to be sure you have said enough to clearly communicate your ideas to your audience. Once you have gathered together as many details as you think you need, you then organize them with a rough outline. This gives you a