出口杏鲍菇、鸡腿菇等食用菌工厂化生产项目可行性研究报告.doc

garden is larger than joes. bill works harder than joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but joes garden is more interesting. he has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. i like gardens too, but i do not like hard work. every year i enter for the garden competition too, and i always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!lesson 9 a cold welcome 冷遇on wednesday evening, we went to the town hall. it was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the town hall clock. it would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. the big minute hand did not move. we waited and waited, but nothing happened. suddenly someone shouted, its two minutes past twelve! the clock has stopped! i looked at my watch. it was true. the big clock refused to welcome the new year. at that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.lesson 10 not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐we have an old musical instrument. it is called a clavichord(翼琴). it was made in germany in 1681. our clavichord is kept in the living-room. it has belong to our family for a long time. the instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. recently it was damaged by a visitor. she tried to play jazz on it! she struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. my father was shocked. now we are not allowed to touch it. it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.lesson 11 one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来i was having dinner at a restaurant when harry steele came in. harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. he gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. he has never borrowed money from me. while he was eating, i asked him to lend me &2. to my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. i have never borrowed any money from you, harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!lesson 12 goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风our ncighbour, captain charles alison, will sail from portsmouth tomorrow. we shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. he will be in his small boat, topsail.tapsail is a famous little boat. it has sailed across the atlantic many times. captain alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. we shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. he will be away for two months. we are very proud of him. he will take part in an important race across the atlantic.lesson 13 the greenwood boys 绿林少年the greenwood boys are a group of popular singers. at present, they are visiting all parts of the country. they will be arriving here tomorrow. they will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers club. the greenwood boys will be staying for five days. during this time, they will give five performances. as usual, the police will have a difficult time. they will be trying to keep order. it is always the same on these occasions.lesson 14 do you speak english? 你会讲英语吗？i had an amusing experience last year. after i had left a small village in the south of france, i drove on to the next town. on the way, a young man waved to me. i stopped and he asked me for a lift. as soon as he had got into the car, i said good morning to him in french and he replied in the same language. apart from a few words, i do not know any french at all. neither of us spoke during the journey. i had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, do you speak english? as i soon learnt, he was english himself!lesson 15 good news 佳音 the secretary told me that mr. harmsworth would see me. i felt very nervous when. i went into his office. he did not look up from his desk when i entered. after i had sat down, he said that business was very bad. he told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. twenty people had already left. i knew that my turn had come. mr. harmsworth, i said in a weak voice. dont interrupt, he said. then he smiled and told me i would receive an extra &100 a year!lesson 16 a polite request 彬彬有礼的要求if you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. you will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. however, this does not always happen. traffic police are sometimes very polite. during a holiday in sweden, i found this note on my car: sir, we welcome you to our city. this is a no parking area. you will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. this note is only a reminder. if you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!lesson 17 always young 青年常驻my aunt jennifer is an actress. she must be at least thirty-five years old. in spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. this time, she will be a girl of seventeen. in the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. if anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, my dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 he often does this! 他经常干这种事！after i had had lunch at a village inn, i looked for my bag. i had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! as i was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. did you have a good meal ? he asked. yes, thank you, i answered, but i cant pay the bill. i havent got my bag. the inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. in a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. im very sorry, he said my dog had taken it into the garden. he often does this.lesson19 sold out 票已售完the play may begin at any moment, i said. it may have begun already, susan answered.i hurried to the ticket-office. may i have two tickets please ? i asked.im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.what a pity! susan exclaimed.just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.can i return these two tickets? he asked.certainly, the girl said.could i have those two tickets please ? i asked.certainly, the girl said, but they are for next wednesdays performance.i might as well have them, i said sadly.lesson20 one man in a boat 独坐孤舟fishing is my favourite sport. i often fish for hours without catching anything. but this does not worry me. some fishermen are unlucky. instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. i am even less lucky. i never catch anything-not even old boots. after having spent whole mornings on the river, i always go home with an empty bag. you must give up fishing! my friends say. its a waste of time. but they dont realize one important thing. im not really interested in fishing. i am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !lesson21 mad or not? 是不是疯了？aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. i live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. the airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. last year, however, it came into use. over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. i am one of the few people left. sometimes i think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. i have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but i am determined to stay here. everybody says i must be mad and they are probably right.lesson22 a glass envelope 玻璃信封my daughter, jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in holland. last year, we were travelling across the channel and jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. she threw the bottle into the sea. she never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in holland. both girls write to each other regularly now. however, they have decided to use the post-office. letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. lesson23 a new house 新居i had a letter from my sister yesterday. she lives in nigeria. in her letter, she said that she would come to england next year. if she comes, she will get a surprise. we are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. work on it had begun before my sister left. the house was completed five months ago. in my letter, i told her that she could stay with us. the house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. it is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. it must be the only modern house in the district.lesson24 it could be worse 不幸中之万幸i entered the hotel managers office and sat down. i had just lost &50 and i felt very upset. i left the money in my room, i said, and its not there now. the manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. everyones losing money these days, he said. he started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. a girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. it contained &5o. i found this outside this gentlemans room she said. well, i said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 do the english speak english? 英国人讲的是英语吗？i arrived in london at last. the railway station was big, black and dark. i did not know the way to my hotel, so i asked a porter. i not only spoke english very carefully, but very clearly as well. the porter, however, could not understand me; i repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. i am a foreigner, i said. then he spoke slowly, but i could not understand him. my teacher never spoke english like that! the porter and i looked at each other and smiled. then he said something and i understood it. youll soon learn english! he said. i wonder. in england, each man speaks a different language. the english understand each other, but i dont understand them ! do they speak english ?lesson26 the best art critics 最佳美术评论家i am an art student and i paint a lot of pictures. many people pretend that they understand modern art. they always tell you what a picture is about. of course, many pictures arc not about anything. they are just pretty patterns. we like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. i think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. they notice more. my sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. she came into my room yesterday. what are you doing ? she asked. im hanging this picture on the wall, i answered. its a new one. do you like it ? she looked at it critically for a moment. its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? i looked at it again. she was right! it was!lesson27 a wet night 雨夜late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. as soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. they were all hungry and the food smelt good. after a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. but some time later it began to rain. the boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. in the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. the tent was full of water! they all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. it was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. the stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!lesson28 no parking 禁止停车jasper white is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. jasper has put up no parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. it is one of the ugliest faces i have ever seen. i asked him what it was and he told me that it was medusa, the gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. but none of them has been turned to stone yet!lesson29 taxi! 出租汽车！captain ben fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. the taxi is a small swiss aeroplane called a pilatus porter. this wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. the most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. captain fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from birmingham to a lonely village in the welsh mountains. since then, captain fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. captain fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. the man wanted to fly to rockall, a lonely island in the atlantic ocean, but captain fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.lesson30 football or polo? 足年产7000吨金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌可行性报告xxx食用菌有限公司二o一o年七月年产7000吨金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌可行性报告第一章 项目背景及意义食用菌作为国际公认的健康食品，在国内外市场极为畅销，近年来，全球食用菌产业的发展速度很快，每年以7-10%的速度增长，而我国年增长速度更是高达20%左右，并保持良好的增长态势。由于食用菌尤其是食药兼用的菌类具有高蛋白、低脂肪、高维生素、低热量的特点，含有丰富的无机盐类和可食性纤维素，富含氨基酸、真菌多糖、微量元素等营养成分，对提高人体免疫力、防癌抗癌、抗衰老等具有明显的食疗价值。食用菌不但营养丰富，而且味道鲜美。它符合联合国粮农组织倡导的二十一世纪天然、营养、健康的保健食品要求，因而倍受人们的青睐。目前发达国家年人均占有蘑菇量已达20公斤，而我国仅5公斤。随着人们生活水平和科学膳食意识的不断提高，食用菌市场发展潜力很大。因此，开发食用菌产业具有广阔的市前景和良好的经济效益。xxx县发展食用菌生产具有得天独厚的优势，为了促进高效农业发展，近两年当地政府把食用菌作为主导产业来抓,目前已经形成远近闻名的工厂化栽培金针菇产业集群,有利于带动品质更优的杏鲍菇产业发展。xxx县是国家级生态示范县，丰富的意杨树林造成的气候条件也特别适宜食用菌的生产，农村经济主要以种植业和林业为主，农副产品下脚料如玉米芯、棉籽壳及木材加工产品下脚料木屑等到资源非常丰富，这些正是金针菇、杏鲍菇等食用菌生产的主要原料。当地劳动力资源丰富，食用菌是劳动密集型产业，发展食用菌生产为返乡农民工提供更多的就业机会。xxx县位于全国首批开放城市连云港的南大门，2009年6月，国务院常务会通过了江苏沿海地区发展规划，其中明确提出连云港经济规划以港口经济和现代高效农业为主，省政府更明确了具体项目规划，这为该项目的发展提供强有力的政策支持，326、327省道横贯县域东西，204国道和沿海、宁连高速纵穿南北，交通便捷，货运畅通。食用菌产业销售地主要集中在环渤海地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区。连云港目前已被纳入“长三角经济圈”，从xxx到达南京、上海只需2-4个小时，将来高铁通车还可以融入上海1小时经济圈，对产品销售非常有利。珍稀食用菌杏鲍菇（pleurotus eryngii），是一种品质优良的大型伞菌，菌肉洁白肥厚，质地脆嫩，味如杏仁及鲍鱼，营养丰富，素有“平菇王”之称，食之可以改善胃肠功能，并有明显的美容效果，入药有降血压和降血脂的作用，深受国内外消费者的青睐。而且产量较高，一般纯棉籽壳或棉籽壳与木屑混合料，生物转化率可达60%左右。杏鲍菇属低温性品种，出菇温度为13-18。该品种在国内外市极为畅销，如进行工厂化生产，周年供货，每吨售价达8000-16000元人民币，价格看好，效益可观。金针菇学名毛柄金钱菌，又称毛柄小火菇、构菌、朴菇、冬菇、朴菰 、冻菌、金菇、智力菇等，英文为:eniki mushroom，植物学名为flammulina velutiper (fr.) sing.。因其菌柄细长，似金针菜，故称金针菇，属伞菌目白蘑科金针菇属，是一种菌藻地衣类。金针菇具有很高的药用食疗作用。工厂化周年栽培金针菇、杏鲍菇是近年来迅速发展起来的现代化食用菌生产技术，其特点为工厂化周年生产，实行环境控制智能化，生产操作自动化，产品质量标准化，产品符合出口标准。本项目建设符合国家的产业政策方向，适合本地自然条件，有利于开发新优品种，促进当地食用菌产业升级，带动食用菌产品出口外销，为实现把xxx县打造成全省最大、全国知名的食用菌之乡的目标，促进当地食用菌健康持续发展具有重要意义。第二章 市场分析及预测一、我国食用菌产销情况 我国是食用菌生产大国，每年生产600多万吨各种食用菌，这极大地丰富了人民的物质生活。但品种主要集中蘑菇、香菇、木耳、平菇等全国普遍栽培的几种食用菌上，而且生产主要集中在秋、冬季节。现在逐渐增加了杏鲍菇、灵芝、竹荪、鸡腿菇、杨树菇、大球盖菇、阿魏菇等20多种，品种达30余种，但在高温的夏季，采用传统技术大部分食用菌还无法生产，栽培的品种更少。我国食用菌产品主要靠内销，食用菌历来作为高端食品出现在人们的餐桌上，通常只有逢年过节才有机会吃上。近年来，随着人们收入水平的迅速提高，消费能力迅速增强，但由于生产能力不足，价格仍居高不下。目前我国人均年占有量仅5公斤，不及发达国家的四分之一。通过工厂化生产，将有助于食用菌产量的迅速提高，人们购买新鲜食用菌更加便易，需求量和消费量也将明显增加。我国食用菌产品的出口主要是干菇、鲜菇和盐渍菇，其中以鲜茹出口效益最高。二、世界主要国家食用菌产销情况 在全球范围内，食用菌的生产主要集中在亚洲和欧美，日本是亚洲的食用菌生产大国，1990年食用菌总产值（除双孢菇外地达2769亿日元。日本的食用菌栽培技术和设备先进，已实现生产的园艺化和机械化，部分产品实现了周年生产周年供应。在国际市场上，日本香菇由于质量上乘每吨卖价达2.8-3.2万美元，比我国香菇的每吨0.8-1.2万美元高出近2倍。韩国也是亚洲主要的食用菌生产国，利用稻草作为栽培原料年产平茹3万吨，蘑菇2万吨。韩国香茹在国际上也很有竞争力，是日本的主要竞争对手，年出口约450吨。在欧洲，法国是最大的食用菌生产国，双孢菇年产量20-22万吨（鲜），产量仅次于美国，居世界第二位，是德国和欧洲蘑菇的供应基地。法国还建有欧洲最大的蘑菇菌种生产中心，生产谷粒菌种，销售到各个国家。荷兰的蘑菇栽培技术非常先进，已经实现了机械采菇，蘑菇产量15万吨左右。荷兰还建有蘑菇堆肥中心，向国外出口蘑菇堆肥。英国是欧洲的主要蘑菇生产国，大小菇场约500个年产量12万吨左右，主要用于本国市场。德国的蘑菇产量约5万吨。不足部分主要从荷兰、法国和中国进口。杏鲍菇人工栽培研究起始于法国、意大利和印度，首次开展人工栽培试验，日本于上世纪90年代实现商品性工厂化生产。三、金针菇、杏鲍菇市场分析金针菇据测定，金针菇氨基酸的含量非常丰富，高于一般菇类，尤其是赖氨酸的含量特别高，赖氨酸具有促进儿童智力发育的功能。金针菇干品中含蛋白质8.87%，碳水化合物60.2%，粗纤维达7.4%，经常食用可防治溃疡病。最近研究又表明，金针菇内所含的一种物质具有很好的抗癌作用。金针菇既是一种美味食品，又是较好的保健食品，金针菇的国内外市场日益广阔。金针菇人工栽培技术并不复杂，只要能控制好环境条件，就容易获得稳定可靠的产量。在作为食材时，金针菇特别是凉拌菜和火锅的上好食材，其营养丰富，清香扑鼻而且味道鲜美，深受大众的喜爱。杏鲍菇是我国食用菌家庭中的新秀，由于其质地脆嫩，具有一股淡淡的杏仁香味，适合保鲜、加工和烹调，深受消费者欢迎。近年来，杏鲍菇栽培在我国发展速度较快，栽培地区已从南方扩展到北方各省，栽培技术不断完善。目前，我国杏鲍菇的市场主要有两个方面：国内市场：国内市场的消费量在逐年增加，以各大高档饭店鲜菇消费为主。由于杏鲍菇价格较高，要真正进入普通百姓家庭，还需要3-5年时间。日本市场：近两年来，日本杏鲍菇市场需求猛增，产品供不应求，这极大地刺激我国杏鲍菇生产和基础的形成。杏鲍菇出口日本主要有三个产品：a保鲜杏鲍菇出口，通过空运或保鲜香菇拼柜海运出口。b盐渍菇出口，将杏鲍菇加工成盐水菇出口日本。c清水菇罐头出口，将切片后的杏鲍菇加工成清水罐头出口日本。预计今后几年内杏鲍菇市场不会出现大起大落，价格比较稳定，普通产地收购价基本保持在8元/公斤左右，反季节工厂化生产价格将更高。第三章 建设规模及建设内容一、建设规模：设立xxx食用菌有限公司，总投资3000万元，投资2000万元建工厂化食用菌厂一座，占地面积80亩，年产杏鲍菇5000吨；投资500万元建设90亩食用菌（主要是金针菇）大棚，带动周边农户发展大棚金针菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、秀珍菇、香菇等食用菌生产；投资500万元建设500平方米办公场所，设立食用菌经纪人公司及派驻一线城市分公司，搭建市场营销平台及网络营销整合，销售自有产品及农业园区其它食用菌生产企业产品，解决农户及相关工厂化食用菌生产厂家产品销售后顾之忧。利用北环路交通优势，搞活县域内及周边相邻城市食用菌市场交易流通。二、建设内容 工厂化食用菌厂：杏鲍菇生产车间全部采用恒温库标准建造，室内采用程控恒温技术，杏鲍菇的生长过程全部由电脑控制和记录。采取瓶栽和袋栽两种方式，自动化机械生产菌包，特别是采用开口式塑料瓶来培养菌种，采用塑料瓶来培养菌种，养菌效果好，产品质量高，虽然一次性投入较大，但可以反复利用20年，不仅降低了生产成本而且还减少了一次性塑料菌包对环境的污染。（一）土建工程1、建培养出菇房18000平方米。2、建培养架50000平方米，为铁架结构。3、建生产场地10000平方米，包括混凝土地面、水池设施、冷却塔、冷藏仓库、菌种室、接种净化室等设施。（二）仪器设备购置1.315kw变压器2台、制冷机120台、锅炉1台、大型高压来菌柜2台、自动装瓶机2台、自动接种机2台、广口塑料瓶200万只、以及拌料机、粉碎机、自动传输装置等。食用菌大棚：建设标准食用菌大棚200套，长30米，宽6米，棚距2米，两排大棚间距8米，钢架结构，泡沫覆盖保温，抗老化黑膜覆盖，外罩草帘，两头水泥砖封闭，塑钢门窗通风对流，砂石路连接，混凝土地面，拌料场1000平方。第四章 技术方案一、总体思路：1、金针菇、杏鲍菇可以人工控温、控湿、光照、氧气进行周年栽培；2、培养基配方主要以棉籽壳为主，适量添加麸皮、玉米粉等营养成份；3、通过不同材料的栽培料配方的含水量、ph值、持水性、透气性、灭菌时间、接种量的大小、菌丝萌发的快慢、接种成功率和产量的高低等，形成科学的生产技术；4、对菇房内影响菇类生长的各种温、光、气、湿等条件进行控制，以实现高产稳产；5、带动周边农户进行普通大棚食用菌生产。二、技术路线：杏鲍菇工厂化生产比双孢蘑菇和金针菇迟，发展时间不长，其工艺技术有待成熟和完善。其基本工艺模式是：配料-装瓶-来菌-自动化接种-发菌培养-后熟培养-搔菌-催蕾-育菇-采收。三、技术目标：1、技术指标：杏鲍菇生物转效率60%以上，日生产杏鲍菇2万瓶、3万袋，年生产杏鲍菇5000吨；日产金针菇15000袋，金针菇2000吨。2、工厂化栽培：主要解决菇房内影响菇类生长的各种温、光、气、湿条件，以实现每天都有鲜菇出产的周年栽培。3、选用栽培食用菌的适宜配方：利用棉籽壳等栽培杏鲍菇生长发育所需要的营养，并协调处理培养料的吸水、保水及通气问题。4、总结出适合于当地的食用菌工厂管理技术，为工厂化生产示范推广提供保证。第五章、实施进度自2010年7月开始，5个月内完成食用菌大棚施工，4个月内完成一期工厂化基础设施，完成投资2000万元，同时提前培养菌包， 2011年4月完成二期投资1000万元。2011年4月金针菇、