发光二极管LED蓝宝石衬底的加工制造工业企业项目可行性报告(80页)1.doc

instrument. it is called a clavichord(翼琴). it was made in germany in 1681. our clavichord is kept in the living-room. it has belong to our family for a long time. the instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. recently it was damaged by a visitor. she tried to play jazz on it! she struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. my father was shocked. now we are not allowed to touch it. it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.lesson 11 one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来i was having dinner at a restaurant when harry steele came in. harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. he gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. he has never borrowed money from me. while he was eating, i asked him to lend me &2. to my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. i have never borrowed any money from you, harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!lesson 12 goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风our ncighbour, captain charles alison, will sail from portsmouth tomorrow. we shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. he will be in his small boat, topsail.tapsail is a famous little boat. it has sailed across the atlantic many times. captain alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. we shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. he will be away for two months. we are very proud of him. he will take part in an important race across the atlantic.lesson 13 the greenwood boys 绿林少年the greenwood boys are a group of popular singers. at present, they are visiting all parts of the country. they will be arriving here tomorrow. they will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers club. the greenwood boys will be staying for five days. during this time, they will give five performances. as usual, the police will have a difficult time. they will be trying to keep order. it is always the same on these occasions.lesson 14 do you speak english? 你会讲英语吗？i had an amusing experience last year. after i had left a small village in the south of france, i drove on to the next town. on the way, a young man waved to me. i stopped and he asked me for a lift. as soon as he had got into the car, i said good morning to him in french and he replied in the same language. apart from a few words, i do not know any french at all. neither of us spoke during the journey. i had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, do you speak english? as i soon learnt, he was english himself!lesson 15 good news 佳音 the secretary told me that mr. harmsworth would see me. i felt very nervous when. i went into his office. he did not look up from his desk when i entered. after i had sat down, he said that business was very bad. he told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. twenty people had already left. i knew that my turn had come. mr. harmsworth, i said in a weak voice. dont interrupt, he said. then he smiled and told me i would receive an extra &100 a year!lesson 16 a polite request 彬彬有礼的要求if you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. you will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. however, this does not always happen. traffic police are sometimes very polite. during a holiday in sweden, i found this note on my car: sir, we welcome you to our city. this is a no parking area. you will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. this note is only a reminder. if you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!lesson 17 always young 青年常驻my aunt jennifer is an actress. she must be at least thirty-five years old. in spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. this time, she will be a girl of seventeen. in the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. if anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, my dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 he often does this! 他经常干这种事！after i had had lunch at a village inn, i looked for my bag. i had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! as i was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. did you have a good meal ? he asked. yes, thank you, i answered, but i cant pay the bill. i havent got my bag. the inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. in a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. im very sorry, he said my dog had taken it into the garden. he often does this.lesson19 sold out 票已售完the play may begin at any moment, i said. it may have begun already, susan answered.i hurried to the ticket-office. may i have two tickets please ? i asked.im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.what a pity! susan exclaimed.just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.can i return these two tickets? he asked.certainly, the girl said.could i have those two tickets please ? i asked.certainly, the girl said, but they are for next wednesdays performance.i might as well have them, i said sadly.lesson20 one man in a boat 独坐孤舟fishing is my favourite sport. i often fish for hours without catching anything. but this does not worry me. some fishermen are unlucky. instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. i am even less lucky. i never catch anything-not even old boots. after having spent whole mornings on the river, i always go home with an empty bag. you must give up fishing! my friends say. its a waste of time. but they dont realize one important thing. im not really interested in fishing. i am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !lesson21 mad or not? 是不是疯了？aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. i live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. the airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. last year, however, it came into use. over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. i am one of the few people left. sometimes i think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. i have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but i am determined to stay here. everybody says i must be mad and they are probably right.lesson22 a glass envelope 玻璃信封my daughter, jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in holland. last year, we were travelling across the channel and jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. she threw the bottle into the sea. she never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in holland. both girls write to each other regularly now. however, they have decided to use the post-office. letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. lesson23 a new house 新居i had a letter from my sister yesterday. she lives in nigeria. in her letter, she said that she would come to england next year. if she comes, she will get a surprise. we are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. work on it had begun before my sister left. the house was completed five months ago. in my letter, i told her that she could stay with us. the house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. it is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. it must be the only modern house in the district.lesson24 it could be worse 不幸中之万幸i entered the hotel managers office and sat down. i had just lost &50 and i felt very upset. i left the money in my room, i said, and its not there now. the manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. everyones losing money these days, he said. he started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. a girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. it contained &5o. i found this outside this gentlemans room she said. well, i said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 do the english speak english? 英国人讲的是英语吗？i arrived in london at last. the railway station was big, black and dark. i did not know the way to my hotel, so i asked a porter. i not only spoke english very carefully, but very clearly as well. the porter, however, could not understand me; i repeated my question several times and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. i am a foreigner, i said. then he spoke slowly, but i could not understand him. my teacher never spoke english like that! the porter and i looked at each other and smiled. then he said something and i understood it. youll soon learn english! he said. i wonder. in england, each man speaks a different language. the english understand each other, but i dont understand them ! do they speak english ?lesson26 the best art critics 最佳美术评论家i am an art student and i paint a lot of pictures. many people pretend that they understand modern art. they always tell you what a picture is about. of course, many pictures arc not about anything. they are just pretty patterns. we like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. i think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. they notice more. my sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. she came into my room yesterday. what are you doing ? she asked. im hanging this picture on the wall, i answered. its a new one. do you like it ? she looked at it critically for a moment. its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? i looked at it again. she was right! it was!lesson27 a wet night 雨夜late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. as soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. they were all hungry and the food smelt good. after a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. but some time later it began to rain. the boys felt发光二极管led蓝宝石衬底的加工制造工业企业项目可行性研究报告目录第一章 项目总论41.1 可行性研究结论综述41.2 主要经济技术指标41.3 项目背景信息51.4 项目建设进度及运营阶段安排61.5 问题及建议6第二章 项目背景和发展概况62.1 项目提出的背景62.2 行业发展概况72.3 投资的必要性11第三章 行业和市场分析与建设规模113.1 行业分析113.1.1 led产业链技术特点与壁垒123.1.2 led专利分析133.1.3 全球led行业格局143.1.4 led产业链价值分配163.1.5 led行业议价能力193.1.6 蓝宝石衬底行业分析193.2 市场分析213.2.1 led衬底产品对比分析223.2.2 产品现有生产能力调查273.2.3 产品产量及销售量调查303.2.4 替代产品调查303.2.5 客户需求分析313.3 市场预测323.3.1市场需求分析323.3.2 产品价格预测383.4 营销策略及方法393.4.1 产品市场推广方案393.4.2 销售模式393.4.3 分销渠道393.4.4 销售网点建设及销售队伍建设403.4.5 价格策略及服务403.4.6 销售费用预测403.5 产品方案和建设规模403.5.1 产品方案403.5.2 建设规模413.6 产品销售收入预测41第四章 建设条件和厂址选择414.1 资源和原材料414.1.1 资源评述414.1.2 原材料及主要辅助材料的供给424.2 建设地区的选择424.3 厂址选择43第五章 工厂技术工艺方案445.1 项目组成445.2 生产技术方案445.2.1 产品标准445.2.2 生产方法455.2.3 技术参数和工艺流程515.2.4 主要工艺设备选择535.2.5 主要生产车间布置方案555.3 总平面布置和运输555.3.1 总平面布置原则555.3.2 厂内外运输方案565.3.3 仓储方案565.3.4 占地面积及分析565.4 土建工程575.4.1 主要建筑构筑物的建筑特征与结构设计575.4.2 特殊基础工程设计575.5其他工程575.5.1 给排水工程575.5.2 动力及公用工程57第六章 环境保护与职业安全576.1项目主要污染源和污染物586.1.1 主要污染源586.1.2 主要污染物586.3 治理环境的方案59第七章 企业组织和劳动定员597.1 企业组织597.1.1 企业组织形式597.1.2 企业作业制度607.2 劳动定员和人员培训607.2.1 劳动定员607.2.2 年工资总额和员工年平均工资估算607.2.3 人员培训及费用估算61第八章 项目实施进度安排618.1 项目实施管理机构618.2 项目实施进度表61第九章 投资估算与资金筹措629.1 项目总投资估算629.1.1 固定资产投资总额639.1.2 流动资金估算649.2 资金筹措659.2.1 资金来源659.2.2 项目筹资方案659.3 投资使用计划669.3.1 投资使用计划669.3.2 借款偿还计划66第十章 财务与敏感性分析6610.1 生产成本和销售收入估算6610.1.1 生产总成本估算6610.1.2 单位成本估算6910.1.3 销售收入估算7010.2 财务评价7110.3 不确定性分析7210.3.1 盈亏平衡分析7210.3.2 敏感性分析7210.3.3风险分析73第十一章 可行性研究结论与建议7411.1 对推荐的拟建方案的结论性意见7411.2 就主要对比方案的说明7411.3 本可行性研究尚未解决的主要问题的解决办法和建议74第一章 项目总论1.1 可行性研究结论综述随着2009年背光源市场的爆发，led行业迎来新的发展。市场预计未来4年led行业仍将主要由背光源市场带动发展，而从远景照明市场来看，led行业前景不可估量。下游应用市场（背光源市场：led电视、led电脑显示屏等）的放量使得上游产品供不应求，蓝宝石衬底一路上涨，价格由2008年的7美元上升到目前的32美元。市场预计未来4年蓝宝石衬底价格不会滑落甚至仍会小幅上升，且蓝宝石衬底未来10年不会被碳化硅衬底取代，因此，此时选择以蓝宝石衬底为切入口介入led行业，无论从盈利来看还是led行业发展周期来看，时机都甚是恰当。本项目规划产能为年产100万片蓝宝石衬底，计划投资xxx万元，其中：机器设备投资xxx万元，房屋建筑工程投资xxx万元，不可预见费xxx万元，建设期利息xxx万元，土地权及税费xxx万元，技术转让费xxx万元，流动资金xxx万元。项目选址于xxx经济开发区。劳动定员xxx人（三班制）。项目计划2011年1月启动，2011年12月底开始量产。经过财务测算，项目各类盈利指标都比集团现有业务的财务指标要好（见1.2），而且，这是用一般所得税率25%计算得来的。该项目属于政府支持的高科技项目，很有可能取得15%的税率优惠。项目达产后第一年就可以取得约3000万的净利润，在项目周期15年内，共取得xxx万元净利润，年均净利润xxx万元。结论：本项目盈利前景比较乐观，可行性非常好，值得投资。1.2 主要经济技术指标投资规模 （万元）xxx投资期数一期期间投资额比例100%其中固定资产投资(万元)xxx其中流动资产投资(万元) xxx资本来源（自有）xxx万元 （借贷）xxx万元借贷比例28.2%设计产能（万片/年）100全年生产量（万片/年）100项目总定员（人）xxx全员劳动生产率（万元/年）xxx项目占地面积(米2)20000项目建筑面积(米2)xxx年均销售收入(万元)16056年均产值(万元)16056年均总成本费用(万元)xxx平均毛利率67.51%年均净资产收益率57.30%年均单位成本费用(美元)xxx年平均投资收益率41.17%静态投资回收期(年)3.15年均利润率45.56%财务内部收益率49.33%动态投资回收期(年)3.47借款偿还期（年）3基准折现率10%项目建设周期（年）1项目设计运营寿命（年）151.3 项目背景信息项目名称发光二极管用蓝宝石衬底的加工制造项目承办单位xxx项目组项目发起人和项目来源自发项目拟建地区、地点xxx可行性研究承担单位/主要负责人xxx可行性研究工作依据：1、“国家半导体照明工程”，2003年；2、国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（20062020），2006年；3、深圳市led产业发展规划(2009-2015年)4、集团研发与投资管理部对led行业的调研结果。技术方案优选原则：1、 商业化应用成熟的技术；2、 未来10年内不会被替代的技术和产品；3、 适度超前的产品技术安排。厂址选择原则及成果：选址原则：（1）贴近目标市场或距目标市场交通交流便捷；（2）综合运营成本较小；（3）能产生产业群效应。选址结果：xxx经济开发区环境影响报告编制情况：本项目不产能废气、废固；产生少量废水，可用中和或稀释方法处理后排放。环境影响报告暂未编制，将视必要性再启动环评程序。项目建设的必要性、重要性和理由：1、该项目符合集团发展节能产业的战略；2、该项目属于国家鼓励发展的项目；3、该项目属于led行业的最上游，项目的成功实施可以解决led行业发展的瓶颈，提升国内led行业的技术水平和国际地位。1.4 项目建设进度及运营阶段安排项目开始建设到建成投产约需12个月。产能建设按照以下顺序依次进行：先建长晶体产能，再依次建切片、研磨抛光、和图形刻蚀产能。项目建成后，以独立法人资格运营，有相对独立的董事会和管理层。运营也可按阶段进行，长晶产能建成后，可以先销售晶棒，待切片产能具备后，可销售切割片，依次递延。这样可以有效地缩短项目建设周期，同时使资本收益最大化。1.5 问题及建议本项目的难点在于生产加工工艺技术，从长晶、切片到抛光都有技术诀窍，据业内资深人士讲，有了长晶炉不见得能长出合格的晶体，做了七八年的晶体生长，才出了两个掌握诀窍的操机手；做了三年，才真正掌握了切片技术。所以，为了把本项目建设运营得又好又快，就有必要高薪从业界挖几个熟手。操作工的培训和海选也很重要，而且要和项目建设同步进行。第二章 项目背景和发展概况2.1 项目提出的背景国家或行业发展规划1、“国家半导体照明工程”，2003年；2、国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（20062020），2006年3、中国逐步淘汰白炽灯、加快推广节能灯行动计划，2008 4、高效照明产品推广财政补贴资金管理暂行办法，20085、科技部“十城万盏”led路灯示范计划，2009集团发展战略及投资政策符合集团“xxx”的公司战略与集团现有业务的关联性及协同效应蓝宝石长晶技术与集团现有业务生产技术有相似之处；与现有业务关联性非常小，但led应用产品未来可能与集团xxx产品产生较大关联，“太阳能电池+储能装置+led”可能会是一个蓝海产品项目发起人和发起缘由及投资意向蓝宝石衬底目前供应短缺，随着固体照明技术和产品推广和广泛应用，蓝宝石衬底需求量将会进一步放大，业内人士估计，在未来10年内，它都是一个热销和肥利产品。集团管理层发起此项目，并有意愿投资。2.2 行业发展概况图表1 led与其他光源的总成本对比资料来源：日信证券研发部监管。因为led有着显著的节能效应，所以世界各国都在通过实施各种政策来大力推广led的使用。目前的主要政策是白炽灯禁用政策。见图表2图表2 全球各国禁用白炽灯情况区域内容美国从2012年1月到2014年1月间，美国要逐步淘汰40w、60w、75w和100w的白炽灯泡，以节能灯泡取代替换欧盟欧盟于2009年9月起禁止销售100w传统灯泡，2012年起禁用所有瓦数的传统灯泡加拿大加拿大定于2012年开始禁止销售白炽灯澳大利亚澳大利亚2009年停止生产、最晚在2010年逐步禁止使用传统的白炽灯日本到2012年止，停止制造销售高能耗白炽灯，全面禁用白炽灯韩国韩国2013年底前禁用白炽灯中国国家发改委2008年与联合国开发计划署（undp）、全球环境基金（gef）合作共同开展“中国逐步淘汰白炽灯、加快推广节能灯”项目，开始研究编制中国逐步淘汰白炽灯、加快推广节能灯行动计划资料来源：xxx部整理发展历程。led照明技术的发展路径可以从两个维度来拆解：1、色彩丰富，从60年代的红色，到70年代的黄、绿色，直至90年代以来的蓝、白色；2、发光效率提升，从60年代0.1 lm/w，到80年代的10 lm/w，直至当前的100以上lm/w。led的应用范围随着其色彩丰富、发光效率提升，逐步从60年代的指示灯市场，发展到90年代的手机背光源市场，直至当前的显示屏、中型尺寸lcd背光源等市场，未来还可能向大尺寸背光源、通用照明、车头灯等市场渗透，市场容量可能从几百亿美元，跃升为上千亿美元，前景看好。图表3 led分类及应用（按波长分）资料来源：中国半导体照明网产业链。led产业链大致分为制造和应用两个环节。制造环节又可细分为：上游的单晶片衬底（蓝宝石衬底、碳化硅衬底等）制作；中游的外延晶片生长、芯片、电极制作、切割和测试分选；下游的产品封装。应用领域又可大致分为三部分：照明应用、显示屏、背光源应用。应用。led 的应用范围主要由led 芯片发光强度（mcd，毫坎德拉）和发光效率（lm/w，流明/瓦）决定。发光强度越大、发光效率越高，则应用越发广泛。led 芯片按发光强度分为普通亮度led、高亮度led 和超高亮度led，发光强度100mcd 通用照明 各种民用及工业用照明替代现有白炽 灯和荧光灯 注：1）发光强度mcd，光通量的空间密度，即单位立体角的光通量；2）光通量lm，单位时间里通过某一面积的光能。2009年背光源应用市场的突然爆发引发了led行业的快速发展，市场预计未来4年led的市场发展仍将以背光源应用市场为主，远期发展则要依赖照明市场的启动。见图表5、6。图表5 2008、2012年全球led 应用结构对比数据来源：strategies unlimited图表6 全球led应用趋势（数量）资料来源：台湾工研院衬底。商业化大量应用的单晶片衬底有蓝宝石晶片、碳化硅晶片和砷化镓衬底等。砷化镓在生长磷化镓等外延材料后可以用来生产红光led，蓝宝石晶片和碳化硅晶片在生产氮化镓外延材料后可以用来生产蓝光led。背光源市场使用蓝光led，照明市场（白光led）使用红绿蓝融合led或涂有荧光粉的蓝光led。因为碳化硅衬底比蓝宝石衬底价格高出15倍以上，这制约了其发展，所以蓝宝石晶片成为应用最广的衬底。这还不是故事的全部，碳化硅单晶片是一种战略性材料，其功能是蓝宝石衬底无法胜任的，某些军事或高端应用，非碳化硅不可。下游背光源应用市场的爆发使得上游单晶片衬底出现短缺，蓝宝石衬底价格一路看涨，从2009年初的6-7美元涨至目前的30美元（均指直径为2英寸的薄片）。市场预计2010-2011年衬底短缺的情况仍将持续，衬底价格仍将在高位缓慢上行。长期来看，led的价格会逐渐下降，衬底的价格也随着相应下降，但led价格的下降将会启动天量照明市场的发展，这又反过来促进衬底的广泛使用，所以，led衬底市场前景非常远大。2.3 投资的必要性项目综合利润情况年净利润7315万元，平均毛利率67.51%项目对提高公司综合竞争力的贡献提高集团的高科技形象，提升集团品牌价值；丰富集团的节能产品和优化集团产品结构项目对现有业务的协同效应与集团现有业务关联性较小，但未来该项目下游产品（led）+太阳能电池+储能装置，可能会结合形成蓝海产品扩大产能，提高市场占有率该项目可以增加蓝宝石衬底的供给，一定程度缓解led行业的需求和瓶颈采用新技术、新工艺、节约资（能）源、减少环境污染，提高劳动生产率情况采用世界最新工艺技术（泡生法长晶技术）和目前国际上最好的设备，以4英寸产品技术为主，走高质量路线，提升劳动生产率及产能利用率。取代进口或出口国际市场起先主要提供给国内市场，待工艺完全稳定成熟和扩产后将销往国外市场社会价值（纳税、就业、环保、科技进步等）为社会提供节能产品的上游部件；壮大和提升国内led产业的力量和水平；提供xxx个就业岗位；每年产生xxx万元利税第三章 行业和市场分析与建设规模3.1 行业分析行业规模led行业2010年产值约625亿元；蓝宝石衬底行业预计2012年产值达到25亿行业复合平均增长率led行业2010-2012年约17%；蓝宝石衬