主语和谓语考点剖析.doc

主语和谓语考点剖析一、主语是一句话的中心，相当于句子的主题。主语通常是由一个名词作用的成分担任的。起名词作用的成分可以是：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词性从句等。如：fresh air and exercise are good for your health.using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.to teach the three children is my job this afternoon.what he said at the meeting is necessary for us.二、在某些情况下，可以由it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到句子后面。如：its no use arguing with them.it is good to help others.it is certain that she will pass the exam.三、当我们用there引起一个句子时，主语通常应放在谓语后面。这种结构主要用在以动词be为谓语动词的句子中。如：there is no denying that she is very efficient.my new computer doesnt work. there must be something wrong with it.考点一：正确选择主语1. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 olympic games will take place in beijing. (2008福建)a. it b. what c. as d. which答案与解析：b。根据句子分析，第二个is前面的 _ is known to us all为主语从句，句中缺少主语；根据句意分析，应该选择能充当成分的what。2. how do you find your new classmates? most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as bruce. (2008福建)a. none b. no one c. every one d. some one答案与解析：a。根据but一词确定应该从a、b中挑选。有一定范围的用none，相当于none of my new classmates。no one不必有这种范围。3. the book is of great value._ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建)a. nothing b. something c. everything d. anything答案与解析：a。复合不定代词someone / somebody, anyone / anybody, everyone / everybody, nobody. something, anything, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据句意“如果你不消化它，就什么东西也欣赏不了”可知应选nothing。4. could you tell me how to get to victoria street? victoria street? _ is where the grand theatre is. (2008辽宁)a. such b. there c. that d. this答案与解析：c。此题考查名词性从句的用法和代词的用法。where the grand theatre is 是一个表语从句。此空缺少主语，固用that来代替前文的 victoria street.考点二：谓语动词与主语的一致性1. progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. (2009全国ii)a. was b. had been c. has been d. will be答案与解析：c。可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2. did you go to the show last night? yeah. every boy and girl in the area _ invited. (2009陕西)a. were b. have been c. has been d. was答案与解析：d。当and连接each, every, no, many a +主语中心词时，由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词用单数。3. the number of foreign students attending chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山东)a. is b. are c. has been d. have been答案与解析：c。the number of / the variety of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，a number of / a variety of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。本题主语是the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since1997所以用完成时态。4. the teacher together with the students _ discussing reading skills that _ newly published in america. (2009四川)a. are; were b. is; were c. are; was d. is; was答案与解析：d。主语中心词 + with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名词时，谓语动词一般仍和主语中心词在单复数上保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代reading skills，由于reading skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。5. either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)a. are b. is c. have d. be答案与解析：b。由either or, neither nor, not only but also , not but , there be and 等连接并列主语时，谓语通常遵循“就近一致”原则，即与它邻近的主语中心词的数保持一致。one of your students 谓语应用单数形式。考点二：正确选择动词的时态和语态现在的高考题中，很少有单纯考时态和语态的题，还可能同时涉及到主谓一致等其它语法内容。1. the population of jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. the figure is now approaching 74 million. (2009江苏)a. has grown b. have grown c. grew d. are growing答案与解析：a。population是集合名词，或集体名词，即看成一个整体，所以谓语动词用单数形式。句子说的是江苏现在的人口数量以及增长，用完成时表示现在的状态。2. at present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)a. is b. are c. will be d. were答案与解析：a。本题考查时态及主谓一致。根据at present = now可知，应用一般现在时。主语是one，谓语动词用单数。3. edward, you play so well. but i you played the piano. (2009海南)a. didnt know b. hadnt known c. dont know d. havent known答案与解析：a。句意为：爱德华，你弹得太好了。但我不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是指过去行为，故用一般过去时。4. but for their help, we the program in time. (2009安徽)a. can not finish b. will not finish c. had not finished d. could not have finished答案与解析：d。考查虚拟语气。but for their help表示虚拟条件，本句表示和过去事实相反的假设，所以主句的动词为could not have finished。5. why does the lake smell terrible? because large quantities of water . (2009福建)a. have polluted b. is being polluted c. has bee