医学ppt课件大全new research field in molecular

Chapter 8 New Research Field in Molecular Biology 8.1 Bioinformatics 1.What is bioinformatics? Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. 2. Major research fields (1) Sequence analysis (3) Computational evolutionary biology (4) Measuring biodiversity (5) Analysis of gene expression (6) Analysis of regulation (7) Analysis of protein expression (8) Analysis of mutations in cancer (9) Prediction of protein structure (10) Comparative genomics (11) Modeling biological systems (12) High-throughput image analysis 3. Databases BLAST ACCESS dbEST / Expressed Sequence Tags database ceDB databases Phenotypic databases LIMS BASE MOLCAS 8.2 Proteome & Proteomics 1. What is Proteome? Proteome - All the proteins expressed by a cell , tissue or organism at a particular time and under specific conditions. Proteomics is the systematic study of all of the proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism. The analysis includes the identification, expression, localizations, functions (physiological and pathophysiological functions), and interactions of proteomes. 2. What is Proteomics? 4. Branches of Proteomics Expressional Proteomics Functional Proteomics Structural Proteomics Protein Microarrays 蛋白质芯片的意义 用于构建蛋白质表达谱, 进行抗原-抗体筛选, 药物靶点筛选, 蛋白质-蛋白质交互作用筛选等 是蛋白质组进行功能分析的新技术 一种蛋白质的所有变异体 一个蛋白质家族的所有成员 一条信号通路中的所有蛋白质 一种组织、器官或有机体的所有蛋白质 一个芯片上可以容纳 Different Kinds of Protein Arrays Antibody Array Antigen Array Ligand Array Detection by: SELDI MS, fluorescence, SPR, electrochemical, radioactivity, microcantelever 蛋白质芯片检测 探针标记检测法 无探针标记检测法 p表面增强激光解吸离子化技术 (Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization, SELDI) p表面等离子体共振检测技术 （surface plasmon resonance, SPR） p原子力显微镜检测技术 （atomic force microscope, AFM ） p同位素标记检测 p荧光标记检测 p化学发光检测 p酶免疫标记检测 p胶体金标记检测 蛋白质芯片的应用 疾病诊断和预警 药物开发 蛋白质组学 Problems nExpensive nStandard nSpecificity nSensitivity Functional Proteomics (in vitro) Multi-well plate readers Full automation/robotics Fluorescent and/or chemi-luminescent detection Small volumes (mL) Up to 1536 wells/plate Up to 200,000 tests/day Mbytes of data/day In silico methods (bioinformatics) Genome-wide Protein Tagging Genome-wide Gene Deletion or Knockouts Random Tagged Mutagenisis or Transposon Insertion Yeast two-hybrid Methods Protein (Ligand) Chips Structural Proteomics High Throughput protein structure determination via X-ray crystallography NMR spectroscopy comparative molecular modeling Structural Proteomics: The Goal Why Structural Proteomics? Structure Function Structure Mechanism Structure-based Drug Design Solving the Protein Folding Problem Bioinformatics & Proteomics ProteomicsGenomics Medicine Bioinformatics Agriculture 8.3 Metabonome & Metabonomics 1. What is Metabonome ? - It refers the complete set of metabologically regulated elements in cells. 2. What is Metabonomics Metabonomics is the branch of science concerned with the quantitative understandings of the metabolite complement of integrated living systems and its dynamic responses to the changes of both endogenous