英美文化3 ppt课件

Education in Britain Group members: Reporters: 向沛文、毛伟力 PPT makers：黄巧铃、蒋艳、杨琴、 郭伊琳、赵霞、张伏曦 一、Curricular in Britain education （一）、Medieval England Seven Liberal Arts: The trivium: logic; Latin, Greek and Hebrew grammar( the languages of the Bible)，and rhetoric The quadrivium: arithmetic; geometry; astronomy; music （二)、Renaissance Education The 1604 Act of Parliament regulating all the teachers was caused, in part, by the growing numbers of secular schools. Petty school: three “R”s: Reading, (w)Riting, (a)Rithmetic. The Dissenting Academies and the Scottish universities: Geography, navigation and modern foreign languages and literatures. Public grammar school: Latin and Greek. (三)、Eighteenth Century Charitable school: stress social division School for middle-and upper-class girl: a few academic subjects and many social subjects: dancing, the social ranks of the aristocracy, and how to enter a horse drawn carriage gracefully. (四)、Nineteenth century The university curriculum was transformed : modern languages, the natural sciences (such as chemistry and geology), the social sciences (such as economics) and philosophy Red Brick Universities： professional specializations: in law, architecture, and engineering. （五）、Twentieth Century An act of 1917 required that a student seeking secondary school certificate had to pass at least 5 subjects, including English , a foreign language , and science / mathematics. The 1988 education reform act required all primary and secondary schools to teach the same topics, including English , mathematics, science, computer and information technology, history, geography, music, art, a foreign language, sex education, religious education, and physical education. 二、British Education Tests Medieval England There were no entrance or graduation examinations. Young man, 14 or 15 years old were accepted into a college. A candidate simple swore an oath that he had read they necessary books, and masters who knew him testified that he was qualified. lA 1906 Act required LEAs to give medical examinations to all children in elementary school. lAt the end of world war II all the eleven-year-old school children were required to take an intensive nation-wide examination to determine which children would prepared for university entrance. Twentieth Century-Reforms of national Examination 1.High-scoring children were sent to Grammar school, which prepared them for higher education 2.Low-scoring children were sent to Secondary Modern school, which prepared them for working-class careers. l1、 provide the sole remedy for students who did poorly on the 11+examination l2 、pupils who did well in O-levels were given the chance to study for a few years at a Grammar school. O-levels or GSCE（General Certificate of Education) Application for entrance to a university Application for entrance to a university is made through a central admissions system known as the University and College admission System (UCAS) To enter a university students must have an A- level standard of education， achieved by passing A-level examinations or their equivalents. Key changes in British education lWho was educated? lMedieval England- boys from middle- class families and the younger sons of the nobility lPoor family couldnt afford for sending their children to school, and children learn skills by working alongside their parents. lEuropean was united under the Roman catholic church. Education was controlled and serviced for it. Renaissance 1580s religious exclusions English, but not Scottish, universities were closed to Catholics and protestants who disagreed with Anglican church. Product: self education It was often the only education available for Catholics and dissident protestants. The importance of the Church of England in English education system did not diminish until the late 19th century. Eighteenth century lMiddle- and upper-class girls were taught a few academic subjects and many social subjects. schools for girls Nineteenth century Self-education More libraries, the opportunities for anyone to be educated, regardless of class, expanded. Girls and lower-class children law after law was enacted throughout the 19th century, requiring all children to attend primary school. Twentieth century l1902 Balfour Act & 1944 Education Act replace local school boards with Local Education Authorities (LEAs). Since local communities were given permission, not funds, wealthier communities were more likely to provide these additional activities than poorer ones. Twentieth century lThe Great Britain need rebuilding lIncreased government funding to enable all qualified people to attain a university education post WW lmore educational opportunities for the poor, the handicapped, and women. lSince 1980 ，education is becoming a major part of British life. Who pays？ lMedieval England donors and parents Wealthy families simply paid the tuition. Other families used church or aristocratic connections to find a scholarship position. lSelf education paid for books he need or borrow from library free lNineteenth century shifted from the church and parents to the national and local governments lTwentieth century fundings, grants, stipend, “earning while learning” Goals of education Medieval England Education was not viewed as a means to improve society. Children were trained to replace their parents. The feudal church and the feudal nobility supported each other to preserve the status quo. Renaissance Education goals remained unchanged Goals of education lEighteenth century poor children were taught to “know their place” and “respect their betters” (which meant they should be subservient to those from higher classes.) lNineteenth century Educated people into required bureaucrats to manage the growing British Empire. Proper educat