2014年职称英语考试 理工类 完形填空 15篇全 字典版 重点预测标注版 正反打印.pdf

composercomposergermson 1 （理工类）（理工类）1 14 4 年完形填空年完形填空 第一篇 captain cook arrow legend 库克船长 箭传说 it was a great legend while it lasted，but dnatestinghas(1)(1)finallyfinallyendeda two-century-old story of the hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of british explorer captain james cook(2)(2) whowho died in the sandwich islandsin 1779. “there is (3)(3) nono cook in the australian museum ， museum collection manager jude philip said not long ago in announcing the dna evidence that the arrow was not made of cooks bone.but that will not stop the museum from continuingtodisplaythearrowinits(4)(4) exhibitionexhibition， “uncovered ： treasures of the australian museum,” which(5)(5) doesdoes include a feather cape presented to cook by hawaiian king kalaniopuu in 1778. cook was one of britains great explorers and is credited with(6)(6) discoveringdiscovering the“great south land，“(7)(7) nownowaustralia, in 1 770.he was clubbed to death in the sandwich islands，now hawaii。 the 1egend of cooks arrow began in 1824 (8)(8) whenwhen hawaiian king kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to william adams，a london surgeon and relative of cooks wife， saying it was made of cooks bone after the fatal(9)(9) fightfight with islanders. in the 1890s the arrow was given to the australian museum and the legend continued (10)(10) untiluntil it came face=to-face with science. dna testing by laboratories in australia and new zealand revealed the arrow was not made of cooks bone but was more (11)(11) likelylikelymade of animal bone。said philp. however, cooks fans (12)(12) refuserefuse to give up hope that one cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of cooks body was (13)(13) buriedburied at sea in 1 779.“on this occasion technology has won“，”said cliff thornton， president of the captain cook society, in a (14)(14) statementstatement from britain.“but i am (15)(15) suresure that one of these daysone of the cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day. 第二篇 avalanche and its safety 雪崩和它的安 全 an avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. avalanches are (1)(1) amongamong the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property. all avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope (2)(2) thatthat supports it. determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is ( (3)likely to cause an avalanche, (4) is is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors. terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (5)(5)riskrisk of avalanche. snow does not (6)(6)gatgatherher significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not (7)(7)flowflow easily on flat slopes. human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snows angle of rest is (8)(8)betweenbetween 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. the rule of thumb is: a slope that is (9)(9) flatflat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. additionally, avalanche risk increases with (10)(10) useuse ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur. due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100%safe.goodavalanchesafetyisa continuous(11)(11)processprocess,includingroute selection and examination of the snowpack, weather (12)(12) conditionsconditions , and human factors. several well-known good habits can also(13)(13) reducereducetherisk.iflocalauthoritiesissue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (14)(14) attentionattention to. never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are（1515） missingmissing or damaged. avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche. 第三篇germsgerms onon banknotesbanknotes 纸币上的病纸币上的病 菌菌 people in different countries use different types of (1)(1)moneymoney yuan in china, pesos in mexico, pounds in the united kingdom, dollars in the united states, australia and new zealand. composercomposergermson 2 they may use(2)(2)differentdifferentcurrencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: germs on the banknotes. scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2100 years. at the turn of the 20th(3)(3)centurycentury, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease. most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency(4)(4)withinwithin one country. in a new study, frank vriesekoop3and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different(5)(5) countriescountries . vriesekoop3isamicrobiologistatthe university of ballarat in australia4. he led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money(6)(6) gateredgatered from 10 nations. the scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes,(7)(7)becausebecause those businesses often rely on cash. overall, the australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria - no more than 10 per square centimeter. chinese yuan had the most - about 100 per square centimeter. most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm. what we call “paper” money usually isnt made from paper. the u. s. dollar, for example, isprintedonfabricthatis mostly(8)(8)cottoncotton .different countries may use different(9)(9)materialsmaterials to print their money. some of the currencies studied by vriesekoop and his ( (1010) )teamteam such as the american dollar were made from cotton. others were made from polymers. the three (11)(11)currenciescurrencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. they included the australian dollar, the new zealand dollar and some mexican pesos. the other currencies were printed on fabric made(12)(12)mostlymostlyof cotton. fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. this connection suggests that(13)(13)germsgermshave a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. scientists need to do more studiestounderstandhowgermsliveon money-and whether or not we need to be concerned. vnesekoop is now starting a study that will(14)(14)comparecompare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills. whatever vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: paper money harbors germs we should wash our ( (1515) )handshands -after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money s been. or whats living on it 第四篇 animals “sixth sense” 动物的 “ 第六 个感 “ a tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the indian ocean in december, 2004. it killed tens of thousands of people in asia and east africa. wild animals,（1） howeverhowever, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. this phenomenon adds weight to notions that i they possess a “sixth sense” for （2 2）disdisastersasters, experts said. sri lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the indian ocean islands coast clearly （ 3 ） missedmissed wild beasts, with no dead animals found. “no elephants are dead, not （4 4）eveneven dead rabbit. i think animals can （5 5）sensesense disaster. they have a sixth sense. they know when things are happening.” h.d. ratnayake, deputy director of sri lankas wildlife department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. the （6 6） w wavesaves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at yala national park in the ravaged southeast, sri lankas biggest wildlife（7 7） reservereserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards. “there has been a lot of （ 8 8 ） apparenapparent t evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. but it has not been proven,” said matthew van lierop an animal behavior （9 9） specialistspecialist at johannesburg zoo. “there have been no （1010） s specificpecific studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told reuters. other authorities concurred with this （1111）assessmentassessment. “wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain （1212）phenomenonphenomenon, especially birds there are manyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpending disasters,” said clive walker, who has written several books onafrican wildlife. animals （1313） certainlycertainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. the notion of an animal “sixth sense”-or （1414）sosomeme other mythical power-is an enduring one3 which the evidence on sri lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to. the romans saw owls （ 1515 ） asas omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures composercomposergermson 3 viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes. 第五篇 singing alarms could save the blind 警 报器救盲人 if you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building - and that could be fatal. a company in leeds could change all that（1 1） withwith directional sound alarms capable if guiding you to the exit. sound alert, a company （2 2）runrun byby the university of leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for（ 3 3 ） blindblind people in sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in cumbria. （4 4） thethe alarmsalarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the （5 5）soundsound is coming from. deborah withington of sound alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be （6 6）heardheard by humans. “its a burst of white noise（7 7） thatthat people say sounds like static on the radio,”she says. “its life-saving potential is great.” she conducted an experiment in which peoplewerefilmedbythermalimaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large （8 8） smoke-fillesmoke-filled d room. it （9 9） tooktook them nearly four minutes to find the door （1010）withoutwithout a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. withington studies how the brain （1111） processesprocesses sounds at the university. she says that the （1212）sourcesource of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. alarms （1313）basedbased onon the same concepthavealreadybeeninstalledon emergency vehicles. the alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up （1414）oror down stairs. they were （1515）developeddeveloped with the aid of a large grant from british nuclear fuels. 第六篇 car thieves could be stopped remotely 汽车小偷可能很远地被停止 speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. but he is in a nasty surprise. the car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine ( (1 1) ) offoff , he will not be able to start it again. for now, such devices ( (2 2) ) areare only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. but remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and ( (3 3) ) shouldshould be available to ordinary cars in the uk ( (4 4) ) in in two months. the idea goes like this. a control box fitted to the carincorporates ( (5 5) ) a a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a gps satellite positioning receiver. ( (6 6) ) if if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine ( (7 7) ) beingbeing restarted. there are even plans for immobilizers ( (8 8) ) thatthat shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. in the uk. an array of technical fixes is already making ( (9 9) ) lifelife harder for car thieves. “the pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says martyn randall of thatcham, a security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part ( (1010) ) byby the motor insurance industry. he says it would only take him a few minutes to ( (1111) ) teachteach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. but only if the car is more than 10 years old. modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not ( (1212) ) allowallow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key. in the uk, technologies like this ( (1313) ) havehave helpedhelpedachievea31percentdropin vehicle-related crime since 1997. butdeterminedcriminalsarestill managing to find other ways to steal cars. often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. in 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken using the owners keys double the previous years figure. remote-controlled immobilization system would ( (1414) ) putput a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointless. a groupthatincludesthatcham,thepolice, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than the ( (1515) ) customercustomer expects. composercomposergermson 4 第七篇 an intelligent car 一辆聪明的汽车 driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. many human drivers have all (1)(1) thesethese and can control a fast-moving car. but how does an intelligent car control itself? there is a virtual driver in the smart car. this virtual driver has “eyes,”“brains”，“hands” and “feet”，too. the mini-cameras (2(2) onon each side of the car are his “eyes,” which observe the road and conditions ahead of it. they watch the (3)(3) traffictraffic to the cars left and right. there is also a highly (4)(4) automaticautomatic driving system in the car. it is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers “brain. ” his “brain” calculates the speeds of (5)(5) otherother moving cars near it and analyzestheirpositions.basingonthis information, it chooses the right (6)(6) pathpath for the intelligent cars, and gives (7)(7) instructionsinstructions to the “hands”and “feets”to act accordingly. in this way, the virtual driver controls his car. what is the virtual drivers best advantage? he reacts (8)(8) quicklyquickly. the mini-cameras are (9)(9) sendingsending images continuously to the “brain”. it (10(10) completescompletes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. however, the worlds best drier (11)(11) at at leastleast needs one second to react. (12)(12) besidesbesides, when he takes action, he needs one more second. the virtual driver is really wonderful. he can reduce the accident (13)(13) raterate considerably on expressway. in this case. can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? experts (14)(14) warnwarn that we cannot do that just yet. his ability to recognize things is still (15)(15) limitedlimited. he cannowonlydriveanintelligentcaron expressways. 第八篇 abiological clock 一个生物时钟 every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. the biological clock tells (1)(1) humanshumans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. it tells (2)(2) insectsinsects when to leave the protective cocoon 茧 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. events outside the plant and animal (3)(3) affectaffect the actions of some biological clocks. scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur (4)(4) becausebecause the number of hours of daylight. in the short (5)(5) daysdays of winter, its fur becomes white. the fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer. innersignals control otherbiological clocks. german scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (6)(6) flightflight twice each year. birds (7)(7) preventedprevented fromfrom flying become restless when it is time for the trip, (8)(8) butbut they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended. scientists say they are beginning to learn which (9)(9) partsparts of the brain contain biological clocks.anamericanresearcher,martin moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain (10)(10) seemsseems to control the timing of some of our actions. these (11)(11) cellscells tell a person when to (12)(12) awakenawaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. dr. moorhead is studying (13)(13) howhow our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. for example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. (14)(14) it it can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. dr. moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. he said (15)(15) suchsuchunderstandingcouldcutsicknessand accidents at work and would help increase a factorys production. 第九篇 wonder webs 惊奇网络 spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)(1)toughtough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. the secret of the webs strength? a type of super-resilient (2)(2)silksilk called dragline. when the female spider is ready to (3)(3)weaveweave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth