2015年职称英语考试 理工B阅读与完型考前押题 考场版小抄字典版.pdf

o o o operaperaperapera655655655655poercpoercpoercpoerc mind-readingmind-readingmind-readingmind-reading machinemachinemachinemachine 1what is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? 2which of the following statements is not meant by the writer? 3“highlighting the areas of the brain at work“ means 4what did the researchers experiment on? 5whichofthefollowingcanbethebest replacement of the title? 1 什么负责处理通过眼睛发送的信息？ 2 下面哪个观点不是作者的意思？ 3 “highlighting the areas of the brain at work”的意思是_。 4 究人员用什么做实验？ 5 下列哪个选项最能替换标题？ b batteriesatteries builtbuilt byby virusesviruses 1）according to the first paragraph, people try to 2）what is belchers team doing at present? 3）what expression below is opposite in meaning to the word“shrink“appearing in paragraph 5? 4 ）which of the following is true of belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6? 5）how tiny is one battery part? 1 根据第一段，人们试着去做_ 2 贝尔彻的团队现在在做_- 3 下面哪一个词的意思和文中第五段的“萎缩” 的意思相反。 4 在文中第六段中提到的关于贝尔彻的团队，哪 一项是正确的。 5 个电池能够有多小？ puttingputting plantsplants toto workwork 1、whatdoesthewritersayaboutplants concerning solar energy? 2、why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches? 3、according to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen? 4、researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. which one of the following is one such difficulty？ 5、what is not true of algae? 关于植物涉及太阳能，作者说_ 一些科学家研究植物如何把阳光、 二氧化碳、 水转化成糖和淀粉的原因是_。 根据第五段，_时，海藻能用太阳能 制造氢气？ 研究员们发现在努力使海藻有效产生氢气时 存在困难，这样的困难是_ 6于海藻的说法，错误的是_ mind-readingmind-readingmind-readingmind-reading machinemachinemachinemachine 1neurons in the brain. 2fmri helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently. 3“marking theparts of thebrain thatare processing information“ 4two volunteers. 5your thoughts can be scanned. 读心机读心机 大脑中的神经元 fmri 帮助科学家去发现大脑如何智能地开 发？ 标记出大脑部分来处理信息 （大脑部分作出记 号来处理信息） 2 名志愿者 你的想法可以被扫描（知晓） batteriesbatteries builtbuilt byby virusesviruses 1stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases. 2it is making batteries with viruses. 3expand. 4it is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. 5its width is one tenth of a hair. 病毒电池病毒电池 远离病毒，因为他们能够导致各种疾病 制作用病毒构成的电池 扩展 有病毒在里面的金属圆盘 它的宽度是头发的十分之一 puttingputting plantsplants toto workwork 1 plants have been using solar energy for billions of years. 2 because they want green plants to become a new source of energy. 3 when there is no oxygen in the air. 4 it is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed. 5 they are cheap to eat. 让植物发挥作用让植物发挥作用 1 植物数十亿年来一直利用太阳能 2 因为他们想让绿色植物变成新的能源 3 当空气中没有氧气 4 硫酸盐被清除后，海藻太慢而不能产生（更 多）的氢气 5 作为食物，它们很便宜 o o o operaperaperapera655655655655poercpoercpoercpoerc l l l lifeifeifeife formformformform foundfoundfoundfound” ” ” ” onononon saturnsaturnsaturnsaturn s s s s titantitantitantitan 1）what have scientists found about saturn? 2） what do scientists say about titan? 3）to date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)what does“this form 4）what can be inferred from what allen said? 5）which of the following can replace the title of this passage? 土卫六上发现生命迹象 在土星上科学家发现了什么_. 关于土卫六科学家说了什么_ 艾伦说了什么，从中能得到推论出什么 动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是 列那句话能代替本文的主题_ teachingteachingteachingteaching math,math,math,math, teachingteachingteachingteachinganxietyanxietyanxietyanxiety 1）what is the result of the research at the university of chicago,according to the first paragraph? 2）what is implied in the third paragraph? 3）according to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt 4 ） the sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings 5）david geary thinks that 第一段提到的在芝加哥大学研究的结果是- 第三段落的含义是_。 根据实验,这些教师可能是担心时,他们的数学成绩的感 受_。 第六段落告诉我们研究发现_。 5.david geary 认为_。 科学家们说，在土卫六上发现了外星生命迹象并宣布了这 一发现。美国国家航空航天局(nasa)的研究者们对卡西尼 号探测器所传回来的数据进行了分析，数据表明，土星卫 星中最大的一颗卫星有以甲烷为基础的生命的存在迹象。 据报道，科学家们已经找到了在土卫六高浓度氢气大 气层里“呼吸”的原始外星生命的线索。 他们认为，氢气在到达布满甲烷河流湖泊的土卫六类似行 星一样的表层前就已经被吸收了。这就证明在这个不及半 个地球大小的卫星表面有某种微生物在依靠氢气生存。 3 美国国家航空航天局的科学家 chris mckay 说，“我们 提出有氢气的消耗，是由于它是土卫六上生命赖以生存的 显而易见的气体，就像我们地球上用氧气呼吸一样。如果 这些迹象最终证明是生命的迹象，它会加倍令人兴奋，因 为它会代表完全不同于地球上水基生命的第二种生命。” 4 时至今日， 尽管地球上的依赖液体水的微生物在甲烷里生 长良好或把它作为废物排出，科学家在任何地方都没有探 测到这种生命的形式。 在土卫六上， 绝对温度达到 90 度(相 当于摄氏-27315 度)，依赖于甲烷的微生物不得不用某种 液体物质作为生存的介质，这种液体不是水，水在土卫六 上会冻成冰块，不能融化。我们知道，冰块太冷不能维持 生命。 5 科学家们原指望太阳与大气层中的化学物质相互作 用会在土卫六上产生一层乙炔。但卡西尼号在它的表面没 有探测到乙炔。 6mark allen 是美国宇航局土卫六项目组的主要负责 人，他说道，既然在土卫六的表面没有探测到乙炔，那就 充分说明上面没有生物。 7allen 说：“科学界的保守主义者们建议，要做出土 卫六上有生物的结论，首先必须对土卫六上所有没有生物 的观点做出回应；要排除土卫六上可能没有生物的观点， 我们任重道远。极为可能的是，一种化学过程而非生物学 能解释这些结 1）they have found methane-based life on titan 2）there are life clues there. 3) methane-based life. 4)scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on titan. 5)adifferent life form, a possibility 他们在土卫六上发现以甲烷为基础的生命迹象 有生命在那。 以甲烷为基础的生命迹象。 在土卫六上是否存在生命科学家们有不同的争论。 可能存在一种与地球不同的生命形式 1female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills. 2adifficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject. 3uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt. 4prove a strong link between female teachers math anxietyandtheirfemalestudentsmath achievements. 5the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample. 女性教师信任她们的数学能力和女学生的数学能力有关 一个困难的科目像数学可能影响教师的教学主题的信 心。 3 看到很多的销售数据就会感到不自在 女性教师的数学焦虑和她们的女学生的数学成绩有很有 力的联系 5 实验结果还是初步的， 需要更大的样本对其进行重复验证 1 在最新一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的 心理学家 sian beilock 和 susan levine 发现，女教师的 想法和女学生的学习之间有着惊人的联系：如果女教师对 自己的数学能力感到焦虑，她的女学生很可能认为男孩子 数学比女孩学得更好。 2“如果一直由对数学有焦虑的女教师教授数学，就会对她 们的数学成绩产生雪球效应“，levine 说。换言之，女孩子 们最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。该研究表明， 如果女孩子们在一个认为男孩比女孩数学好的环境中成 长，那么她们的数学可能会不如在更自信的状态下学得好。 3 如同学生，教师也会觉得某些学科难学和难教，这就是 研究者所言的“焦虑“：不自在或担心。 4 此研究发现，教师对数学的焦虑能够传染给她的女学生 们。该研究的研究对象包括 65 个女孩，52 个男孩和 17 位 在中西部教一二年级的教师。学生们在学年的开始和结束 时都进行数学测试，研究者们比较得分。 5 研究者们测试学生是否认为数学明星一定会是男孩。然 后研究者们测试教师，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑， 研究者们问教师们当碰到数学问题诸如阅读销售清单时的 感受，如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就感到紧张， 那么她很可能对数学存在焦虑。 6 平均来说，教师的焦虑不会影响到男孩子。但是，一般 说来，如果教女孩子的教师有数学焦虑症，那么女孩子们 在学年结束时测试得分比其他的女孩要低。另外，在关于 是否认为数学明星应该是男孩的测试中，有 20 个女孩认为 男孩数学比女孩好，这 20 个女孩的老师都是女性，且都患 有数学焦虑症。 6 来自密苏里大学的心理学家 david geary 说“这是一个有 趣的研究，但是这只是初步结果，需要用更大的调查样本 进行重复验证“。 o o o operaperaperapera655655655655poercpoercpoercpoerc 第八篇abiological clock 一个生物时钟 every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. the biological clock tells (1)(1)(1)(1) humanshumanshumanshumans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. it tells (2)(2)(2)(2) insectsinsectsinsectsinsects when to leave the protective cocoon 茧 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake. events outside the plant and animal (3)(3)(3)(3) affectaffectaffectaffect the actions of some biological clocks. scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur (4)(4)(4)(4) becausebecausebecausebecause the number of hours of daylight. in the short (5)(5)(5)(5) daysdaysdaysdays of winter, its fur becomes white. the fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer. inner signals control other biological clocks. german scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (6)(6)(6)(6) flightflightflightflight twice each year. birds (7)(7)(7)(7) preventedpreventedpreventedprevented fromfromfromfrom flying become restless when itis time for the trip, (8)(8)(8)(8) butbutbutbut they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended. scientists say they are beginning to learn which (9)(9)(9)(9) partspartspartsparts of the brain contain biological clocks. an american researcher, martin moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain (10)(10)(10)(10) seemsseemsseemsseems to control the timing of some of our actions. these (11)(11)(11)(11) cellscellscellscells tell a person when to (12)(12)(12)(12) awakenawakenawakenawaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. dr. moorheadisstudying (13)(13)(13)(13) howhowhowhow our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. for example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. (14)(14)(14)(14) it it it it can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. dr. moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. he said (15)(15)(15)(15) suchsuchsuchsuch understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factorys production. 第九篇 wonder webs 惊奇网络 spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)(1)(1)(1)toughtoughtoughtough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. thesecretofthewebsstrength?atypeof super-resilient (2)(2)(2)(2)silksilksilksilk called dragline. when the female spider isready to (3)(3)(3)(3)weaveweaveweaveweave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along (4)(4)(4)(4)it it it it to spin the webs trademark spiral.恒星英语 论坛 unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver (5)(5)(5)(5)reusesreusesreusesreuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. the silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impactthreetimesbetterthankevlar,ahigh-strength human-made (6)(6)(6)(6)materialmaterialmaterialmaterial used in bullet-proof vests. and thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original (7)(7)(7)(7)lengthlengthlengthlength and snap back as well as new. no human-made fiber even comes (8)(8)(8)(8)closeclosecloseclose. . . . itisno (9)9)9)9)wonderwonderwonderwonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. in the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.asteady (10)10)10)10)supplysupplysupplysupply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars but how to produce it? harvesting silk on spider farms does not (11)11)11)11)workworkworkwork becausethe territorial arthropods havea tendency to devour their neighbors. now, scientists at the biotechnology company nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after golden orb dragline. the (12)(12)(12)(12)firstfirstfirstfirst step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. the nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their (13(13(13(13)milkmilkmilkmilk . “the young goats pass on the silk-making gene without (14)(14)(14)(14)anyanyanyany help from us,” says nexia president jeffrey turner. nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers (15)15)15)15)asasasas fastfastfastfastasasasas the real thing snags bugs. 第十篇 chickenchickenchickenchicken soupsoupsoupsoup forforforfor thethethethe soulsoulsoulsoul：comfortcomfortcomfortcomfort foodfoodfoodfood fightsfightsfightsfights lonelinesslonelinesslonelinessloneliness 心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感 mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries,(1)(1)(1)(1)butbutbutbutaccording to a study in psychological science, theyre good for your heart and(2)(2)(2)(2) emotionsemotionsemotionsemotionsthe study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel “for me(3)(3)(3)(3)personallypersonallypersonallypersonally,food has always played a big role in my family,” says jordan troisi, a graduate student at the university of buffalo, and lead author on the studythe study came out of the research program of his coauthor shira gabrielit has(4)(4)(4)(4)lookedlookedlookedlooked atatatat non-human things that may affect human emotionssome people reduce loneliness by bonding with their(5)(5)(5)(5)favoritefavoritefavoritefavoritetv show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones troisi and gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect (6)(6)(6)(6)bybybyby making people think of their nearest and dearest. in one experiment, in order to make(7)(7)(7)(7)classclassclassclass feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them others were given an emotionally neutralwritingassignment.then,somepeoplein each(8)(8)(8)(8)groupgroupgroupgroupwrote about the experience of eating a comfortfoodandotherswroteabouteatinganew food.(9)(9)(9)(9)finallyfinallyfinallyfinally,the researchers had participants(10)(10)(10)(10)completecompletecompletecomplete questions about their levels of loneliness writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelybut people who were generally (11)(11)(11)(11)securesecuresecuresecure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food “we have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us “says troisi “thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others“in (12)(12)(12)(12)theirtheirtheirtheir essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the (13)(13)(13)(13)experienceexperienceexperienceexperience of eating food with family and friends. in another experiment,(14)(14)(14)(14)eatingeatingeatingeating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort foodthis was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldnt remember it. throughout everyones daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our(15)(15)(15)(15)connnectionsconnnectionsconnnectionsconnnections with others,“ troisi says “comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness o o o operaperaperapera655655655655poercpoercpoercpoerc 第 十 一 篇climateclimateclimateclimate changechangechangechange posesposesposesposes majormajormajormajor risksrisksrisksrisks forforforfor unpreparedunpreparedunpreparedunpreparedcitiescitiescitiescities 气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险 anew examination of urban policies has been (1)(1)(1)(1)carriedcarriedcarriedcarried outoutoutout recently by patricia romero lankaoshe isasociologistspecializinginclimatechange and (2)(2)(2)(2) urbanurbanurbanurban development she warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas ， especially in developing countries will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climateher work also concludes that most cities are failing to (3)(3)(3)(3)reducereducereducereduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse (4)(4)(4)(4)gasesgasesgasesgases thesegasesareknowntoaffectthe atmosphere”climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says romero lankao. ”but too few cities are developing effective strategies to (5)(5)(5)(5)protectprotectprotectprotecttheir residents.“ cities are (6)(6)(6)(6)majormajormajormajor sources of greenhouse gasesand urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term (7)(7)(7)(7)benefitsbenefitsbenefitsbenefits the locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. potential(8)(8)(8)(8)threatsthreatsthreatsthreatsassociated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. storm surges can flood coastalareasandprolongedhotweathercan heat (9)(9)(9)(9) heavilyheavilyheavilyheavily paved cities more than surrounding areas the impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment for example， a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution ，causingwidespread health problems poorer neighborhoods thatmay(10)(10)(10)(10)lacklacklacklack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersmany residentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandard housing (11)(11)(11)(11)withoutwithoutwithoutwithout access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services. local governments, (12)(12)(12)(12)thereforethereforethereforetherefore,should take measures to protecttheir residents.”unfortunately，they tend to move towardsrhetoric(13)(13)(13)(13)ratherratherratherratherthanthanthanthanmeaningful responses,romero lankao writes, ” they dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. they dont emphasize mass transit and reduce(14)(14)(14)(14)autombileautombileautombileautombileuse.infact,many local governments are taking a handsoff approach.” thus, she urges them to change their (15)(15)(15)(15)idleidleidleidle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities. *第十二篇freefreefreefree statinsstatinsstatinsstatins withwithwithwith fastfastfastfast foodfoodfoodfood couldcouldcouldcould neutralizeneutralizeneutralizeneutralize heartheartheartheart riskriskriskrisk 快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病 的风险的风险 fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of (1)(1)(1)(1)chargechargechargecharge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangersoffattyfood,researchersatimperialcollege london (2)(2)(2)(2)suggestsuggestsuggestsuggest in a new study statins