人教版新目标初中八年级英语下册每课精讲精练　全册.doc

unit 1will people have robots?i. 词汇more，less，fewer i dont agree. = i disagree. i agree (with you).in five years on computer on paperbesides on vacation many different kinds of goldfish no more be free live in as a reporter free timefall in love with like doing sth keep a parrotlook smart be able to do. are you kidding?ii. grammar:一般将来时there will be few，a few，little，a little，much，many语法小结：一、一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 we are having fish for dinner. we are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。 a: where are you going? b: i am going for a walk. are you coming with me? a: yes，i am just coming. wait for me.2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。are you going to post that letter? how long is he going to stay here? i am going to book a ticket. 另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。 its going to rain. george is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来： 主要意义，一是表示预见。 you will feel better after taking this medicine. do you think it will rain? 二是表示意图. i will not lend the book to you. take it easy，i will not do it any longer. 基本结构： she will come to have class tomorrow. will she come to have class tomorrow? she wont come to have class tomorrow. what will she do tomorrow?二、there be结构1. therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。 there is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。 there was a knock at the door.有人敲门。 there has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。 there will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。 2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如there is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。 how many people are there in the city? 这个城市里有多少人口？ there is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。 there are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。 there are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 there is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。 3. 在therebe引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。 there is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。 there is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。 there is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。 4、there is no doing. (口语)不可能. there is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。 there is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。 三、课文难句解析1. will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) money 金钱；货币 eg whats the money? 价钱是多少? paper money 纸币；钞票2) in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段时间”常用在将来时态中 eg ill come in an hour. 我一小时后来。 ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. there will be less leisure time空闲时间会更少。1) less 形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。 eg janes less beautiful than mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。 five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空闲时间 egwhat do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. i think there will be more pollution 我认为将会有更多的污染产生。1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为“there will be+物+其他成分”。 eg i think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。 i think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。 2) pollution表示“污染”，用作不可数名词。 例如：they did a lot to stop water pollution他们采取大量措施制止水污染。4. i dont agree 我不同意。 agree在本句中作动词，i dont agree是一句交际用语，表示“不赞成某人或某人的观点”，如果表赞成，则为i agree。1) 表示“同意某人意见”时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。 eg did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗? i dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。2) 表示“同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)”时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。 egi agree to your idea 我同意你的想法。 my plan was agreed to by all of them 他们所有的人都同意我的计划。3) 表示“就取得一致意见”用agree on(或upon)，指“两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议”。 egthey both agreed on the date for the meeting他们双方都同意开会的日期。4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示“同意做某事”。 egthey agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon他们同意明天下午动身。5. what do you think sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子? 此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。 eg which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书? who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?6. i went to shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。1) go表示“去”，过去式是went，“go to+地名”表示“到某地去”。 egwhen will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？ he will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工厂。 如果go后面接副词，不用to。 eghe went home at before six yesterday evening他昨天晚上6点前回家的。2) last year意为“去年”，用于一般过去时态中。 eghe went to london last year去年他去了伦敦。3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是“喜爱；爱上；与相恋”的意思。 eghe went to harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。7. i cant have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。 egjohn didnt go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。2) hate表示“不喜欢，憎恨”，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示“讨厌做某事”。 eghe hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。 i hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。8. ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1) go doing sth. 结构，表示“去做 go skating 去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 egmy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。 i like going skating我喜欢去滑冰。2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示“每天”，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday表示“日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的”，是形容词。例如： egi get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。 he wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. during the week ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit 在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。1) during表示“在期间”，during the week是介词短语，意为“在工作日里”。 egthe sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。 he fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。2) look表示“看上去”，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。 egthat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 you look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear表示“穿”，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。 egwe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。 she is wearing a new coat 她穿着一件新衣服。 does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？ put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，强调动作。 egshe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。 他整天戴着草帽。 误：he puts on a hat all day. 正：he wears a hat all day. 10. ill go to hong kong on vacation 我会去香港度假。on vacation意为“在度假”，on表示“处于状态中”。eg he will go to hangzhou on vacation他要到杭州度假。 my father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. what do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?1) whats the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于how is the weather？what be like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是“怎么样?” 类似的说法还有what do you think of? how do you like?等句型。 egwhat is the book like? what do you think of the book? how do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样? whats the weather like today?how is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?2) what isare1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。 egwhats the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样? whats the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样? what was the book like? 那本书怎么样?12. there were many famous predictions that never came true(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，梦想等实现”。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。 egmy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。 her dream to go to university has come true 她上大学的愿望实现了。四、练习exercise:i. multiple choice1. are you _ your winter holiday next week?a. going to have b. will have c. had d. have2. do you often _ from your parents?a. heard b. hears c. to hear d. hear3. _ lucy _ her homework in her room now?a. is，doing b. does，do c. do，do d. did，do4. she dances better than mary _.a. is b. has c. does d. dance5. mary usually _ up at five oclock.a. will get b. got c. get d. gets6. they _ four english classes a week last term.a. has b. have c. had d. are having7. a bird can _ but i cant.a. flies b. flying c. flew d. fly8. they _ to see me yesterday evening.a. will come b. comes c. are coming d. came9. were moving to a different town _.a. the day before yesterday b. last sunday c. the day after tomorrow d. a week ago10. look! the monkeys _ the tree.a. climb b. are climbingc. is climbing d. were climbing11. when _ you _ to australia? next monday.a. did，fly b. will，fly c. are，fly d. do，fly12. which team _ the next football match?a. wins b. won c. will win d. winkeys: 15 adacd 610 cddcb 1112 bcii. 句型与结构(i). read each sentence. add a second sentence withll using the words in parentheses.1. i feel sick today. (be better tomorrow) ill be better tomorrow.2. gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _3. im tired now. (sleep later) _4. my parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _5. we cant leave right now. (leave a little later) _6. the weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _keys:2. shell have a lot of homework tonight. 3. ill sleep later.4. theyll buy one soon 5. well leave a little later 6. maybe itll be better tomorrow.(ii). complete the conversation. use will or wonta: how are you going?b: well，im looking for a job in a hospital.a: what kind of hospital job _ you get?b: well，i know i _ be a secretary. i dont know how to type. maybe i _ be a nurse. i like helping people.a: _ you have the same job in five years?b: no，i _.a: what _ you do?b: i _ change jobs. i _ get a job in a hospital.keys: will，wont，will，will，wont，will，will，wontii、看图表，用more，less或 fewer 完成练习。 littleton，new yorknowin 100 years600 houses1000 housesa lot of pollutionalmost no pollutionseven schoolstwo schools2400 people3500 peoplea lot of snowa little snowsix movie theaterstwo movie theatersin 100 years1. there will be _ houses. 2. there will be _ pollution.3. there will be _ schools. 4. there will be _ people.5. there will be _ snow. 6. there will be _ movie theaters.keys: 1. more 2.less 3. fewer 4. more 5. less 6. feweriii、阅读练习catvcatv is a short way saying “community antenna (公用天线) television”. but “cabletelevision” is the name most people use. cable television allows viewers(观众) to receive tvprograms that they can not pick up with their ordinary antenna.television signals(信号) do not follow the curve(曲线) of the earth. they travel in straight lines in all directions. signals from a tv station move towards the horizon(水平线) and then go into space. if you live only a few miles from a tv station，you may get a good picture on your set. but if you live more than 50 miles from a station，you may not get any pictures at all.catv began in 1948. people in places far from tv stations had to pay for putting up high antennas. a community antenna was usually placed on a hill，a mountain or on a high tower. the antenna picked up tv signals and fed them into a small local(当地的) station. from the station，thick wires called cable ran out to nearby homes. each person using the cable paid a monthly charge(费用).catv worked well，and soon new uses were found for it. local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. people along the cable could have local news，weather report，and farm and school news at no extra charge.today，cable television has moved into cities. it brings in extra programs that city viewers with ordinary antenna can not see. it is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。1. from the first paragraph we know that _.a. most people use cable television b. “community antenna” is used for cable televisionc. a community antenna is used for cable televisiond. an ordinary antenna can not pick up tv programs2. of the following，which is not the way tv signals travel?a. in a curve. b. in a straight line. c. in all directions. d. towards the horizon.3. cable tv is becoming more and more popular because _.a. it is free of charge b. it provides all tv users good picturesc. it only needs a bit of cabled. it can provide more programs4. on the whole，this passage is about _.a. how to put up high antennas b. a way of picking up better tv programsc. how to use the empty channels on your tv set d. the way that tv signals are sent5. from the passage we can infer(推测) that _.a. tv has begun to be used for educational purpose(目的)b. viewers can receive more tv programs with their ordinary antennasc. cable tv can not be used in small townsd. antennas for cable tv are usually put up in the center of a communitykeys: cadba unit 2 what should i do? 【单元目标】1单词与短语stereo, loud, argue, original, serious, style, wrong, argument, either, teen, talk, family, tutor, haircut, caller, except, upset1.want sb. to do sth.2.play ones stereo3stay at home 4.argue with sb / have an argument with sb. 5.be out of style 6.write sb a letter/write to 7.talk about 8.on the phone9.surprise sb.10.pay for11.get a part-time job12.borrow sth. from sb. 13.ask sb. for14.have a bake sale 15.find out 16.be upset 17.call up 18.the same as 19.get on well with sb. 20.return sth. 21.have a fight with sb. 22.fromto 23.drop off 24.prepare for 25.after-school clubs 26.be used to 27.fill up 28.take the middle road 2目标句型： 1. what should i do? 2. why dont you? 3. you could 4. you should 5. you shouldnt3语法情态动词的用法 【重难点分析】情态动词(modal verbs )* 情态动词也可称为“情态助动词 (modal auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：1. he cant be at home. (否定句) 他不可能在家。2. can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗?3. anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和 might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：1. it may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。2. it may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。3. you might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。（3）will 和 would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：1. i think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。2. that would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。3. he will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”：1. i shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。2. that should be sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：1. this must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。2. all mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3. mustnt there be a mistake? (mustnt 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)（1）can 和 could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：1. can i go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？2. father said i could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. could i ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和 would 用于表示“请求”1. will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？2. would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？2. what should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？3. shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用 can )1. you may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。2. you might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。3.may i make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？4. might i take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？5. students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. if i may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求) 你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：1. cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。2. all of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强) 你们不准在池里钓鱼。四、重要短语和表达法(key words)1argue v争论；争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架 i argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。 dont argue with him. 别和他争吵了。 2 either adv.（用于否定句）也 he doesnt have any money, and i dont, either他没有钱，我也没有。 i cant play chess. she cant, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 too 也（用于肯定或疑问句） im a teacherhe is a teacher, too我是老师，他也是老师。 we are going hiking. are they going hi