腰肌劳损外科护理学课件

慢性软组织损伤之 腰肌劳损 strain of the lumbar muscles 主讲人：夏婼 概念 又称功能性腰痛、腰背肌筋膜炎 主要指腰背部肌肉、筋膜、韧带等软组 织的慢性、疲劳性损伤，导致局部无菌 性炎症，引起腰背部一侧或两侧的弥漫 性疼痛的一种病症。 为腰痛常见的原因 病因 长期过度负重 脊柱结构失稳 长期弯腰工作 其他 病理生理 肌肉、筋膜及韧带持续受到牵拉时，肌肉 内的压力增加，血供受阻，肌纤维在收缩 时消耗的能源得不到补充，产生大量乳酸 ，加之代谢产物不能得到及时清除，积聚 过多而引起炎症、粘连，如此反复可导致 组织变性、增厚及痉挛，并刺激相应的神 经引起慢性腰痛 辅助检查 X线检查多无异常，少数可有骨质增生或 脊柱畸形；年老或骨质疏松病人，可选 择ECT检查或骨密度检查 nursing diagnosis Pain related to tissue chronic injury The lack of knowledge related to lack of functional exercise and disease prevention Anxiety related to recurrent episodes of disease principle of management To eliminate the cause: Improve your position, posture, and avoid bending over long Use the waistline, take it off when rest, lest the secondary apraxia of muscle atrophy Always move the waist and avoid prolonged periods in the same position Avoid damp, cold Sleep hard bed Make the waist posture compatible with biomechanics When the disease is heavier, bed rest is appropriate and the bed position is often changed Comprehensive treatment: Physical therapy: waxing, electrotherapy, Medical massage, acupuncture cupping Drug therapy: The pain point is feasible for adrenal corticosteroid injection. When the pain in the waist is obvious, you can take NSAID to relieve muscle pain, but not long-term Functional exercise Quadriceps muscle contraction practice: 5-10 minutes each time, 3-4 times a day Back muscle practice: The flying swallow is supported by five-point, 1-2 weeks and then the 3-point support method, 3-4 times a day, 50 times each time Nursing measures Relieves pain: Create a quiet, comfortable hospital environment, distract the attention of patient and guide it. When the pain is apparent, you can take NSAID to relieve muscle pain. Psychological care Health guide: Explain the etiology, pathology, treatment and prevention of diseases, rehabilitation training methods and precautions The waistline method and the