新闻消息的报道一般具有六要素2323共享精品

8. Features of English News 8.1 Structure of English News 新闻消息的报道一般具有六要素，俗称五 个W和一个H：what ，where， when ， why， who和 how。新闻消息一般都以倒 金字塔（The Inverted Pyramid）格式将五 要素按内容重要性顺序叙述。 811 倒金字塔结构 i n t r oduction c o n t a i n i n g m o s t i m p o r t a n t o r m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n m o r e f a c t s s u p p o r t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r b a c k g r o u n d q u o t e s o r m o r e f a c t s o f l e s s e r i m p o r t a n c e m i n o r d e t a i l least significant information 英语新闻的倒金字塔结构主要呈现以下特征： （1）按照新闻事件内容的重要性递减的顺序来安排段落 。最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的部分放在最前面，次重要 的放在稍后面，最次要的放在更后，最不重要的放在最后 。 （2）新闻消息的最前部分，通常是头一段形成导语。把 最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的东西放在导语中，或者把全 篇新闻内容高度概括成一个中心思想说出来。 （3）把新闻消息全篇的精华提炼出来，形成标题。这样 ，一篇新闻通常由标题、导语和正文（导语之后各段落） 三部分组成。 英语报刊和通讯社刊登的新闻消息多数采用倒金字塔结构。伦敦泰 晤士报1981年3月31日关于美国总统里根遇刺的消息报道，就是典 型的例子： Washington, March 30 President Reagon was shot and seriously wounded outside a Washington hotel this afternoon. Three men with him were also injured. Mr. James Brady, the White House Press Secretary, is said to be seriously wounded.The President was operated on immediately, and the bullet that had been lodged in his chest was removed. Mr Reagon had been addressing a convention of trade unionists at the Washington Hilton. As he left the building, in a light rain at 2: 30 pm, a man shouted “Mr President” and opened fire .华盛顿3月30日电今天下午里根总统在华 盛顿一家旅馆外被枪击身受重伤。随行三 人亦负伤。白宫新闻秘书詹姆斯布雷迪据 说伤势严重。对总统立即实施了手术，已 取出打入胸部的那颗子弹。在此之前， 里根先生在华盛顿希尔顿饭店对一个工会 代表大会发表讲话。下午2时30分，他在微 雨中离开这座建筑物，一个男子喊道“总统 先生”，就开了枪。 812 金字塔结构 “金字塔结构”的消息是指记者根据时间顺序排列 报道的事实，即先发生的先写，后发生的后写， 将情节步步推进，逐渐进入高潮。这种结构的优 点在于可以保持一种“悬念感”，增加读者的兴趣 。但由于这种结构展开故事情节的节奏较缓慢， 所以较适合于报道能引起读者情感波动而且人情 味较浓的“软新闻”。合众国际社记者史密斯（ Merriaman Smith）1963年获得普利策奖的关于 肯尼迪总统遇刺的新闻消息，就是采用了金字塔 结构，即按时间顺序来写的。 DALLAS, Nov. 23(UPI) It was a balmy, sunny noon as we motored through downtown Dallas behind President Kennedy. The procession cleared the center of the business district and turned into a handsome highway that wound through what appeared to be a park.I was riding in the so-called White House press “pool” car, a telephone company vehicle equipped with a mobile radio-telephone. I was in the front seat between a driver from the telephone company and Malcolm Kilduff, Acting White House Press Secreatary for the Presidents Texas tour. Three other pool reporters were wedged in the back seat.Suddenly we heard three loud, almost painfully loud, cracks. The first sounded as if it might have been a large firecracker. But the second and the third were unmistakable, gunfire .合众国际社达拉斯11月23电这是一个风和日丽的中午。我们乘 车跟在肯尼迪总统后面，在达拉斯市市中心区穿行。车队驶过商业区 中心，转上漂亮的大道，该大道弯弯曲曲地穿过一个像是公园的地方 。我坐在所谓白宫记者专车里。这是电话公司的汽车，装有机动无线 电话。我坐在前排，夹在电话公司的司机和代理白宫新闻秘书马尔克 姆基多夫之间，他是负责总统德克萨斯之行的新闻事务的。还有三 位专访记者坐在后座。突然，我们听到三下响亮得几乎使人震惊的爆 炸声。第一响似乎是大爆竹声。但第二和第三响就绝不会错。枪声！ 这篇新闻报道是按照时间顺序展开的，作者在前三段用了不少笔墨描 写一些背景情况，但一直未写肯尼迪总统遇刺的情况。作者的目的就 是将情节步步推进，逐渐使新闻消息进入高潮，这样可以保持一种“ 悬念感”，激发读者的阅读兴趣。 82 新闻消息的翻译 新闻消息稿件多以倒金字塔结构为主，这一点与中文消息的结构大致 相同。在新闻消息稿汉译的过程中，我们要注意两个问题：一是直接 引语的翻译；二是要注意新闻消息翻译的政治性。 新闻消息稿非常重视直接引语的引用。因为直接引语可以使消息更真 实、可靠，增加新闻消息的可读性。翻译引用的原话时，要考虑说话 人的地位、身份，要能准确再现说话人的这些特征。翻译直接引语的 原则是忠于原文，保持说话人的原意和风格，在行文方面力求符合汉 语的表达习惯。源语新闻中的直接引语原则上应用直接引语翻译。如 源语新闻使用的直接引语太多，从有利读者阅读和传播效果考虑，可 在译语新闻中将直接引语的数量适当减少，改译为间接引语，以增加 译文的文字变化。另外，还要注意说话人的“摆放”位置，在英语新闻 中，把说话人放在引语的前面、中间、后面均可，但在中文新闻里， 习惯的做法是将其放在引语的前面（刘其中，2004：36）。 Homework: Page 122-129 Ex.Two 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