外研版八年级上module4 unit3 language in use课件

Education Module 4 Unit 3 Language in use 要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时 间一直持续到现在，我们可用现在完成时 表达。如： I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 我在北京住了10年了。 I have studied English for four years. 我学习英语已经四年了。 I have been in this school since 2000. 从2000年起我就一直在这所学校。 I have lived here since my childhood. 我从小就一直住在这里。 从以上例句可以看出，在表示行为或状 态从过去一直持续到现在时，要加表示 一段时间的时间状语，常用的是for或 since引导的状语。注意，for后接一段时 间，如for a long time, for 10 years等等，而 since后接时间点，如since August 2003, since yesterday, since two oclock等。 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用how long，如对上面的句子可以这样提问 How long have you lived in Beijing? 你在北京住多久了？ How long have you studied English? 你学习英语多久了？ How long have you been in this school? 你在这所学校待多久了？ How long have you lived here? 你在这里住多久了？ 注意： 在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间 时，根据终止时间的不同，时态的使用是 不同的。如： I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 去年夏天我在这个旅馆住了一周。 “住旅馆”是去年夏天的事情，故用一般过 去时； I have stayed in the hotel for a week by now. 到现在为止，我已经在这个旅馆住了 一周了。 表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故用 现在完成时。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我会在这个旅馆住上一周。 是下个月将要发生的事情，故用将来时。 同学们要注意，在现在完成时的句子中， 点动词（终止性动词）一般不能与表示延 续的时间状语连用。试比较： 汤姆已经来了两小时了。 ()Tom has come for two hours. ()Tom has been here for two hours. buy have leave be away (from) borrow keep join be in /be a member of come to / get to / reach / arrive (in/at )/ move to be (in) / stay (in/at ) 但如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词 的否定形式，则一般可以和表示一段时 间的for短语连用。如： My parents havent seen me for two years. 我的父母两年没见到我了。 同学们要注意现在完成时与一般 过去时的区别。虽然这两个时态都和过去 发生的事情有关，但是现在完成时强调这 一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结 果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的 事实，不表示和现在的关系。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。 I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经写完作业了，我是一个小时之前 写完的。 在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判 断该用现在完成时还是一般过去时呢？ 判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影 响，也就是说该句所强调的是什么。 试看以下各例： A: Where have you put my book? 你把我的书放在哪儿了？ B: I put it on your desk, but I dont know why it is not there now. 我放在你的书桌上了，可我不知道 为什么现在书不在哪儿。 当 A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时， 是想知道书现在在什么地方，他感兴 趣的是现在的结果，因此用现在完成 时。 B: I put it on your desk, but I dont know why it is not there now. 我放在你的书桌上了，可我不知道 为什么现在书不在哪儿。 但是 B 回答时清楚地说不知道为什 么书不在自己放的地方, 由此来看， 说把书放在课桌上只是说明当时的 位置，并不强调对现在的影响，所 以用一般过去时。 再看以下各句： A: Have another piece, please. 再来一块吧。 B: Thank you. Ive had enough. 谢谢。我已经饱了。 A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight? 你今晚想和我一起去看电影吗？ B: Thank you very much, but I have seen it already. 谢谢，我已经看过了。 以上两组对话中的现在完成时 都表示对结果的强调，即吃饱 了，所以不想再吃了；电影看 过了，所以不想 再看了。 课堂小测验 Individual activity I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ (visit) the Great Wall two years ago. 2. -_ he _ (be) to New York? -No, he _ (not be) there yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. 4. -Wheres Li Ming? - He _ (go) to the teachers office. visited Has been hasnt been hascome has gone 5. So far I _ (make) quite a few friends here. 6. _ she _(buy) a present yesterday? 7. -How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here? - For two weeks. 8. I _ (work) here since I _(move) here in 2000. have made Didbuy have stayed have worked moved 1. Lucys father has worked here for n_ ten years. 2. L_, the doctor saved the girls life. 3. Mary often took c_ of her little sister when her parents were on business. 4. The teacher is _ (指着) at the map on the wall and pointing out Paris on it. 5. Eating fruit every day is good for our _ (健康). II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 early uckily are pointing health 1. Most people in China _ Project Hope and have given money. 2. The old man has taken _ medicine and he is getting better and better. 3. How long have you known those _? 4. Hes given concerts _ and the tickets have always sold out. 5. Dont worry! Im sure you _ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. a little, get on well with, head master, all over China, hear about III. 从方框中选择适当的词组，并用其 正确形式完成句子。 have heard about head masters all over China will get on well with a little 1. How long have you learned English? _ ten years. 2. He has studied very hard _ he came to our school. 3. Mary has worked at Beijing International School s_ 2004. IV. 用 since 和 for 完成句子。 For since ince 4. You havent come to see me _ two months. 5. You shouldnt keep me waiting for you _ a long time. 6. Project Hope has built many schools all over China _ 1989. for for since Language practice New Words nearly luckily point organisation health care leaflet adv. 几乎 adv. 幸运地 n. 点；分 v. 指着，指 n. 组织；机构 n. 健康 n. 护理；照料 n. 传单 划横线单词 为动画词汇 How long have you studied Chinese? For a year. How long have you lived here? Since 2004. Shes studied it for a year. Since 1989 project hope has buit schools all over China. Lingling /study English? How long has Lingling studied English? 1. Tony / know Daming? How long has Tony known Daming? 2. Betty / live in Beijing? How long has Betty lived in Beijing? Write questions. Use how long have /has.? 3. Betty and Tony / study Chinese? How long have Betty and Tony studied Chinese? 4. Betty and Tony / be at Beijing International school? How long have Betty and Tony been at Beijing International School？ 5. Betty / know about Project Hope? How long has Betty known about Project Hope? Lingling _ (study) English _ nearly six years. 1. Tony _ (know) Daming _ September 2003. 2. Betty _ (live) in Beijing _ 2003. has studied for has known since has lived since Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs and for or since. 3. Betty and Tony _ (study) Chinese _ a year. 4. Betty and Tony _ (be) at Beijing International School _ last year. 5. Betty _ (know) about Project Hope _ one day. Lingling told her about it yesterday. have studied for have been since has known for Work in pairs Write a short conversation. A: Hello, Mary! B: Hello, Daming! A: May I ask you some questions? B: Sure! Go ahead. A: How long have you known your oldest friends? B: For almost ten years. A: How long have you studied English? B: Since 2000. A: How long have you lived in your city? B: Since the day I was born. A: How long have you known your teacher? B: For one year. A: How long have you been at this school? B: Since 2005. Underline the correct answers. I have known/knew my best friend since we (1) have been/were four years old. Her name is Natalie. She (2) has lived/lived next door to me in Guangzhou but then her parents(3) have moved /moved to another city. We (4) have written/wrote letters to each other. Luckily, her dad (5) has just started/just started a new job so they (6) have moved/moved back to Guangzhou. I am very happy! We (7) have seen/saw each other every day since she came back. Practice Complete the passage about Project Hope. Use the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. abroad difficult drop out of help pay for study thousands of train Project Hope has raised money from people at home and _. It helps (1) _ children who cant go to school. It (2) _ their education. abroad thousands of pays for It builds schools and libraries and it (3) _ teachers. Some children in the countryside (4) _ school because they have to (5) _ with the farm work. We can go to school and (6) _, but for poor children its (7) _ to go to school. study difficult help drop out of trains Listen and answer the questions. 1. How long has Charlie lived in Beijing? 2. How long has May lived in Beijing? 3. When did sh