新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第四册 unit 6 section b the biggest threat to the role of police

Contents N H C E Reading Skills1 Text Study2 Test Yourself3 课文 自测 技巧 N H C E Reading Skills Introduction Like the other skills for your use, the Like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.render you better able in reading. Practice This practice is designed to help you This practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill get a deeper insight into the skill special forspecial for this unit. this unit. 课文自测技巧 N H C E Introduction:Introduction: Back 阅读实践 随 笔 Reading Between the Lines Up to now we have covered all the important reading skills necessary for college English and from this unit on we are going to review some of the reading skills. Reading between the lines means drawing inferences about the writers meanings, ideas, purposes, intentions or conclusions. Making inferences relies on the contextual clues, logical thinking and common sense. 课文自测技巧 N H C E Introduction:Introduction: Back 阅读实践 随 笔 Reading Between the Lines 课文自测技巧 Here are two examples taken from Text A. Example 1 It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company N H C E IntroductionIntroduction： Back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 Reading Between the Lines rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: “Look, were in a very competitive business. Every year were selling more than a 1billion worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, whos hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would.” (Para. 3) Question: What is implied in this paragraph? N H C E IntroductionIntroduction： Back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 Example 2 Reading Between the Lines Answer: In a highly competitive business world, keeping high moral standards is something easier said than done. In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take”. This is probably an exaggeration. However, todays N H C E IntroductionIntroduction： Back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 Question: What does “business interests” imply? Reading Between the Lines Answer: “Business interests” here implies making profits. businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interests with his moral conscience. (Para. 11 ) N H C E PracticePractice Back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 Directions: As you read Text B the first time, use context clues and common sense to guess the possible answers to the questions between the paragraphs. Keep checking your ideas as you read further. Then compare your answers with a classmates to see if you understand the writers meaning the same way. N H C E Text Study 1. New Words 2. Questions Previewing 3. Passage Reading 4. Choice Making 课文自测技巧 N H C E New WordsNew Words lethal a. 致命的；杀伤性的 disable vt. 使丧失能力；使伤残 knife-resistant a. 防刀划的；防刀割的 Phrases and Expressions crop up 突然发生；突然出现 up to scratch 达标；合格；足够好 be on the wrong end of 承担的不利后果 law and order 法治；治安 throw up 产生；引发 on duty 值班，当班 Back 课文自测技巧 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 N H C E on sick leave 休病假 in favor 赞同；支持 derive from 来自；源于 wash away 冲掉；冲走 lose count of sth. 数不清 take up 占用 there is no point (in) doing sth. 做没有意义 Back 课文自测技巧 New WordsNew Words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 N H C E Northumbria 诺森布里亚郡（位于英格兰的东北部 ） John Stevens 约翰史蒂文斯（人名） Back 课文自测技巧 Proper NamesProper Names 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 N H C E Questions PreviewingQuestions Previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 For you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fast- reading material. But, for this to be achieved, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in. Introduction Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Questions PreviewingQuestions Previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Back 课文自测技巧 1. Every summer some journalists gather at a former training camp just to watch the training of Londons special armed police unit. 2. Actors imitate the situations which may actually occur on the streets in front of the journalists, who are asked to make difficult decisions. 3. Most journalists involved in the tests didnt make correct decisions. N H C E Questions PreviewingQuestions Previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 4. A large number of the armed specialists are hired mainly for the dangerous tasks. 5. Police officers cant ask for leave for medical reasons until they are disabled in the fight against crime. 6. More than half of the police officers dont like the idea of widespread arming partly because they dont want to take on more responsibilities. Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Questions PreviewingQuestions Previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 7. Local residents can seldom see police officers walking on the streets because the police officers know that the public are asked to watch the streets themselves. 8. Most street officers believe that extra duties changed their role. Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 The Biggest Threat to the Role of Police Officers Chinese Para. 1 Every summer about a dozen journalists gather at a former army training camp north of London to spend the day watching the training of Londons special armed police unit. These are the people who regularly have to tackle the increasing number of criminals who are prepared to carry guns. Question 1 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 2a The journalists also get a chance to shoot a gun on the practice rangenone of it seems that difficult, and we put most of the bullets somewhere on the target. But then we move on to the next stage of the training, where some of the problems, which actually crop up on the street are imitated. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Para. 2b The lights on the range are dimmed and we are stood in front of a large screen. We still have guns, but the bullets are fake, and videos are played where actors act out various types of situations. Question 2 Chinese Passage ReadingPassage Reading N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Reading Between the LinesReading Between the Lines 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Q. 1 Why do actors act out various types of conditions? A. They act out various types of situations to bring the people in the training camp into some real life situations. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 3a Does the man holding a woman in front of him really have a gun or not? Is the man apparently preparing to surrender really going to, or is he going to raise the gun in front of him and shoot? N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 3b We have to decide whether to shoot and when, just like the police officer has to when faced with this situation for real. The journalists results here were not so impressive. I am afraid we killed many an innocent person carrying nothing more lethal than a stick. Question 3 N H C E Reading Between the LinesReading Between the Lines Q. 2 Why did journalists “kill” many innocent persons? A. Because the journalists are inexperienced in deciding whom to shoot, whether or not to shoot and when to shoot. As a result, they “killed” innocent people because of mistakes of judgment. 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Question 4 Para. 4 The debate over whether more police in Britain should be armed with guns has been going on for years. The current policy is to have a small number of specialists available in each of the 43 police departments in Britain. They are kept up to scratch with intensive and regular training. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 5 But the wisdom of that policy has been questioned as the amount of violence encountered by the police has grown. It is usually the ordinary street officer who is on the wrong end of this, rather than the armed experts who arrive rather later. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Para. 6 To see the direction in which the British police are heading, consider the experience of the Northumbria police who have responsibility for law and order in 5,000 square kilometers of Northeast England. The population is 1.5 million, living in rural areas and a few urban centers. The 3,600 police officers in the force deal with all the typical problems thrown up by the Britain of the 1990s. Chinese Passage ReadingPassage Reading N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Question 5 Para. 7 John Stevens, head of the Northumbria Police Department, has just published his review of the past years. During 1994, for example, 61 officers (54 men and 7 women) were forced into early retirement after being attacked on duty. Before being allowed to leave the police for medical reasons, they lost between them 12,000 days on sick leave: the equivalent of 50 police officers off the street for a full year. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Para. 8 Stevens makes this observation: “The personal cost of policing has never been so high. One-third of the officers leaving were disabled in the very worst degree and will suffer for the rest of their lives for their efforts in the fight against crime.” Chinese Passage ReadingPassage Reading N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 9 This picture of a policemans lot could be repeated in many other parts of Britain, yet the police themselves still oppose more widespread arming of their officers. The most recent survey, conducted last year, showed that only 46% were in favor. (To Para.10) Question 6 N H C E Reading Between the LinesReading Between the Lines Q. 3 Why do the police oppose more widespread arming of the officers? A. They probably dont want to take on more responsibilities. 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 10 The general public, however, likes the idea: 67% favored wider issuing of guns. But they, of course, would not have to carry them and maybe even use them. Recalling my own experience shooting a gun on the practice range, I certainly would not want the responsibility. Question 6 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 11 It is clear to everyone that the police need more protection against the gun and the knife. They already carry longer clubs to replace the old ones. They have access to knife- resistant coats and gloves. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 12 The likely next step is agreement from the government to test pepper spray, an organic substance derived from peppers that disables an attacker if sprayed in his face. If used properly, the discomfort, although extreme, is only temporary. Provided the spray is washed away with water, recovery should be complete within a couple of hours. Unpleasant, certainly, but better than being shot. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 13 Many people in Britain would not mind seeing their police with longer clubs or even pepper spray. They would just like to see them. I have lost count of the times we have been filming police officers on the street when local residents have come up to us and told us it is the first time in weeks they have seen police in the area. N H C E Reading Between the LinesReading Between the Lines Q. 4 What do people in Britain want about the police officers? A. They want armed officers to ensure social security instead of protecting themselves by carrying guns. 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Para. 14a Actually the biggest threat to the traditional image and role of police officers does not come from guns and armed crime but the increase in the tasks we expect the police to carry out. N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Para. 14b New laws and police priorities are taking up so much time that many forces simply cannot afford to let their officers walk up and down the streets. Politicians are now asking members of the public to watch the streets. In some prosperous areas, local people pay private security firms. Question 7 Chinese Passage ReadingPassage Reading N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Passage ReadingPassage Reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Chinese Question 8 Para. 15 Many officers believe it is all these extra duties, rather than the fear of being shot, that have really changed their role. In future, if you want to know what time it is there might not be much point asking a policeman. He either will not be there to ask or will not have the time to answer. N H C E Reading Between the LinesReading Between the Lines Q. 5 What can you infer from the last sentence? A. The policeman has been so much occupied with some extra duties that they wouldnt have time even for answering questions. 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 Back 课文自测技巧 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 Choice Making Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. 1. Every summer some journalists gather at a former training camp just to watch the training of Londons special armed police unit. 2. Actors imitate the situations which may actually occur on the streets in front of the journalists, who are asked to make difficult decisions. F F Refer to Para. 1 Refer to Para. 2 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 3. Most journalists involved in the tests didnt make correct decisions. 4. A large number of the armed specialists are hired mainly for the dangerous tasks. 5. Police officers cant ask for leave for medical reasons until they are disabled in the fight against crime. T F F Refer to Para. 3 Refer to Para. 4 Refer to Para. 7 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 6. More than half of the police officers dont like the idea of widespread arming partly because they dont want to take on more responsibilities. 7. Local residents can seldom see police officers walking on the streets because the police officers know that the public are asked to watch the streets themselves. 8. Most street officers believe that extra duties changed their role. T F T Refer to Paras. 9-10 Refer to Para. 14 Refer to Para. 15 N H C E Test Yourself AA BB Long Conversations In-Depth Reading 课文自测技巧 N H C E In this section, you will hear 3 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, 3 or 4 questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Long ConversationsLong Conversations Directions Back 课文自测技巧 12345678910 随 笔 深层阅读 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 12345678910 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you are going to hear. Q. 1. A) He picked up some apples in his yard. B) He cut some branches off the apple tree. C) He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence. D) He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard. Q.: What did the man do yesterday? Conversation I Script 随 笔 深层阅读 N H C E Q. 2. A) Trim the apple trees in her yard. B) Pick up the apples that fell in her yard. C) Take the garbage to the curb for her. D) Remove the branches from her yard. Back 课文自测技巧 12345678910 Q.: What did the woman ask the man to do? Conversation I Script 随 笔 深层阅读 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 12345678910 Q.: What did the woman threaten to do? Conversation I Q. 3. A) File a lawsuit against the man. B) Ask the man for compensation. C) Have the mans apple tree cut down. D) Throw garbage into the mans yard. Script 随 笔 深层阅读 N H C E Back 课文自测技巧 12345678910 Q.:What was the mans reaction to the womans threat? Conversation I Q. 4. A) He was ready to make a concession. B) He was not intimidated. C) He was not prepared to go to court. D) He was a bit concerned. Script 随 笔 深层阅读 N H C E Q. 5. A) About seven days. B) Over seven days