中考英语专题复习 动词应用（语法考点精讲真题精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求动词应用一、动词应用题的命题特点动词应用题是中考英语试题中的一种传统题型，常以动词填空题出现在中考试题中，主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。这里的“动词填空”不仅仅指谓语动词的正确时态，还包括动词不定式、动名词和分词等形式，而且涉及主动语态和被动语态及主谓一致等知识。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做好此类题的关键。二、动词应用题的解题技巧选用动词的适当形式填空主要是测试考生对动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法和其他方面的掌握情况。谓语动词有时态、语态的区别；非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。因此，做此类试题首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后确定其正确形式。下面从四个方面将确定动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词等形式的方法分述如下：1. 确定时态的方法(1)根据句中所含的时间状语来判断时态一般现在时常用的时间状语有sometimes，often，always，usually，every Tuesday，in the morning等。一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用：last year，yesterday，. ago，last Monday morning，just now等。一般将来时常有表示将来含义的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，this evening等。现在进行时常与now连用，或用look，listen创设现在进行时的语言环境。过去进行时常与表示“具体的过去时间”连用。如：at eight last night，at that time，at this time yesterday等。现在完成时常用的时间状语有already，just，ever，never，yet以及since/for引导的时间状语。过去完成时常与表示“与过去时间比较已经完成”，含有“过去的过去”之意的时间状语连用。如：by the end of last year，by 1990等。过去将来时常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句里，且常与表示“过去将来”的时间状语连用，如the next week/month等。(2)根据上下文和时态呼应来判断时态。如：Listen! Who is singing? 在复合句中，可根据从句的时态判断主句的时态。如：He has been to many places since he came to China. 也可根据主句的时态判断从句的时态。如宾语从句中若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句常用过去的某种时态。如：Bill asked if he could come. 当主句为一般将来时，从句为if，when，as soon as，until等引导的状语从句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如：If you dont hurry，youll miss the train. (3)根据习惯表达来判断时态。如：表示客观真理的宾语从句常用一般现在时。如：He said the earth goes round the sun. 2. 确定语态的方法当句子主语是动作的承受者，含有“被动”之意时，要用被动语态。被动语态的谓语由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be要随着时态和主语的人称和数而变化。中考所涉及的被动语态只有一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的句子的被动语态。只要熟练掌握，一般没有什么困难。3. 确定非谓语动词的方法对于动词不定式，主要掌握其基本用法，对于动名词和分词，主要掌握教材中出现的常用搭配，并把这些动词分清、记牢。记住这些动词，就等于记住了它们的用法。跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want，try，forget，hope，decide，choose，agree等。跟动名词作宾语的动词有keep，finish，enjoy等。stop，remember，forget等动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，但意义不同。如：He stopped talking. He was so tired that he stopped to have a rest. 动词let，see，hear，make，feel等后面的宾补在主动语态中常用不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时，则要带to。如：They made him work 10 hours a day. He was made to work 10 hours a day. 4. 其他方面包括习惯用法、句型、短语等。如一些常见句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. ;too. to do sth. 等。介词后面应用动词-ing形式。系动词、实义动词在情态动词、助动词后面用原形。此外，还应注意一些常见的短语，如：well done，had better do sth. 等。这些方面的知识主要靠平时积累，并且多做有关练习，加以巩固记忆，只有这样才能熟练掌握。例如：(2016山东临沂中考动词应用)根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。A special red bridge was found in the Lake District，Britain. The whole bridge used no glue or bolts (螺钉). It was completely made of paper! The bridge was a piece of art work. It1(start) to open to the public in April，2015. The bridge was made of 22，000 pieces of paper and it 2(be) five meters long. The bridge became a popular tourist place. The tourists wanted to test whether it would hold their weight. “The red bridge really3 (stand) out in the wild countryside and makes you 4 (want) to touch it or even walk over it，” said a visitor. The special paper bridge was an art project by an environmental artist named Steve Messam. To build the paper bridge was not easy at all，and he spent three years 5 (develop) the bridge. He used old principles(原理) from Roman times 6 (build) it. He said the 4. 5 tons of paper made the bridge much stronger than oak(橡木). Even after heavy rain，the bridge wasnt influenced at all. The paper 7 (produce) by a paper factory. After the exhibition (展览)，all the paper was recycled. 短文大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上一座用纸做的特别的红桥。1. started由in April，2015可知用一般过去时态。故填started。2. was由前半句中的was made of可知此处也用一般过去时。故填was。3. stands由后半句中的makes可知此处用一般现在时。故填stands。4. want由make sb. do sth. 可知此处用动词原形。故填want。5. developing由spend+some time+(in) doing sth. 可知此处用动名词。故填developing。6. to build由use sth. to do sth. 可知此处用不定式。故填to build。7. was produced由by可知此处用被动语态，结合后句的时态可知此处用一般过去时。故填was produced。Test 1A(2015山东临沂)根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。Bridges are built for many reasons. Some bridges are built so that cars1 (cross)over rivers. Others are made for trains to use. In Washington State，there is a very unusual bridge. It was built for squirrels(松鼠). The town of Longview has a very busy street. Many cars pass it every day. When squirrels tried to cross the street，they2 (kill). Amos Peters wanted 3 (protect)these small and lovely animals，so he built a bridge for themone that would let them pass above the traffic. The bridge4(be)a symbol of the town for over 40 years since then. And every Christmas，the local people 5 (add) a small Christmas tree to the center of the bridge. How lovely! A few years ago，the local people6 (create)a squirrel festival and they raised money 7 (build)two more bridges for these lovely animals. For years，because of the bridges，the squirrels in the town have been able to cross safely from one side of the street to the other. 短文大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了华盛顿的松鼠桥，它是专门给松鼠用的，目的是避免这些动物被伤害。不久前在那里的人们又建造了两座这样的桥。文章旨在告诉我们要保护动物，保护环境。1. can cross句意：有些桥被建造是为了汽车能过河。这是由so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中通常含有情态动词，故填can cross。2. were killed句意：当松鼠试图过街时，它们死了。由句意可知，是松鼠“被弄死，杀死”，需要用被动语态；本句前后时态一致，即都需用一般过去时态，因此要用一般过去时态的被动语态，squirrels是复数，故填were killed。3. to protect句意：阿莫斯彼得斯想保护这些可爱的小动物由空前的wanted可知，要构成want to do sth. “想要做某事”，即want后要跟动词不定式，故填to protect。4. has been句意：从那时到现在40多年，那座桥一直是那个城镇的象征。由句末的时间状语for over 40 years since then可知要用现在完成时态，主语是the bridge，助动词要用has，be的过去分词是been，故填has been。5. add句意：每年圣诞节，当地人都会在桥中央加上一棵小的圣诞树。由时间状语every Christmas可知要用一般现在时态，主语the local people“当地人”是复数，谓语要用动词原形，故填add。6. created句意：几年前，当地人创立了松鼠节由时间状语a few years ago“几年前”可知要用一般过去时态，create的过去式为created，故填created。7. to build句意：他们筹集了钱为这些可爱的动物又建造了两座桥。空格处要用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to build。B(2016山东滨州)根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。One day，I took my daughter to the park. As soon as we got there，my daughter 1 (run) to the swing (秋千) and asked for a push. When I was helping my daughter，I noticed another girl trying to make her own swing 2 (go) high by herself. Her old grandmother was sitting on the chair nearby and smiling at us. Gradually，my daughter 3 (push) higher and higher by me. Then I walked towards the little girl. I asked if I 4 (give) a big push to her. She smiled and said “Yes”. For the next hour，I pushed the swings，and played with my daughter and the little girl. When we went home，I 5 (be) tired but very happy. One day two years later，after a days work，I went to pick up my daughter before going home. While I 6 (wait) outside the school gate，a little girl smiled sweetly at me and gave me a big hug. As I watched her 7 (run) away，I realized that she was the girl whom I gave a big push in the park. So far，I 8 (not forget) her sweet smile and the warm hug that she gave me. In fact，if we give love to others，love 9 (find) its way back to us. It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom (开花) in the heart. The love we share，the kindness we 10 (give)，and the happiness we create will come back to us with a pleasant surprise. 短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了作者带女儿到公园玩时，帮助了一个小女孩荡秋千。两年后的一天，作者又偶遇这个女孩，她微笑着给了作者一个拥抱。故事告诉我们，在生活中，我们分享的爱、我们给予的仁慈、我们创造的快乐会给我们带回令人愉快的惊喜。1. ran句意：我们一到那里，女儿就跑去秋千那里表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作随之发生，故填过去式ran。2. go make sb. /sth. do sth. 为固定结构，意为“使某人/某物做某事”。3. was pushed句意：渐渐地，我的女儿被我推得越来越高。主语my daughter是谓语动词push所表示的动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4. could give句意：我问我是否可以用力推她一下。由主句的asked可知，从句中用情态动词could。 5. was句意：我们回家时，我很累但很高兴。表示过去的状态用be的过去式was。6. was waiting句意：我在校门口等的时候，一个小女孩冲我甜甜地微笑并给我一个大大的拥抱。while引导的时间状语从句常用过去进行时，故答案为was waiting。7. running句意：我看见她跑开的时候，我意识到了。watch sb. doing sth. 表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案为running。8. havent forgottenso far表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用。 9. will findif引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故答案为will find。10. give句意：我们分享的爱、我们给予的仁慈、我们创造的快乐会给我们带回令人愉快的惊喜。此处与前面的we share和后面的we create并列，故答案为give。Test 2A(2016山东威海)用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。 When I was a child，my parents often took me to a run-down house in a thick forest. No other children ever stayed there. I didnt even have the choice of playing with a brother or sister. I could never1 (understand) what the attraction of the house was，even for my parents，who enjoyed nothing better than to sit in silence with a good book. The woman in the house，my fathers distant cousin，was a terrible cook. One day，when I was hanging around the garden behind the house，I noticed a wooden house. It was clearly abandoned(废弃的)and 2 (hide) completely behind tall trees and huge grass. As I walked towards it，I heard a noise，like an animal moving hurriedly away. I was about to turn away when I saw an old man3(stand) at the door. I was much scared. “Please dont tell them you saw me，” he said. “They never use this place，and I have nowhere else to live. ” “Dont worry，” I said. “I 4 (not tell) anyone. But are you all right out here? I mean do you have enough to eat? ”The old man 5(shake) his head and said that he hadnt had a big meal for ages. I decided to put this right as soon as I could. The same evening，I took a small plastic bag into the dining room and，while no one was looking，I emptied some of the food into it. Later，I got out of the back door secretly and gave the food to the old man，whose name I had discovered was Taff. I had never seen anything else as lovely as the smile on Taffs face when he 6 (eat) the food. From then on，my visits to the old house had a purpose，and I enjoyed every minute of the rest of my stay. 短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者儿时在森林中居住的一段时光，在一间废弃的小木屋里作者认识了一位老人，这位老人贫困潦倒，作者尽自己最大的努力来帮助他，从而作者的生活也有了一些乐趣。1. understand句意：我从来不能理解这座房子有什么吸引力could为情态动词，其后跟动词原形。2. (was)hidden 句意：很明显，这座小木屋是废弃的，而且完全隐藏在高大的树木和杂草后面。空格处为被动结构。3. standing 句意：我正打算离开，这时我看到一位老人正站在门口。see sb. doing为固定用法，意为“看到某人正在做”。4. wont tell句意：我不会告诉任何人的。本句为一般将来时的否定形式，wont是will not的缩略形式。5. shook句意：老人摇摇头说他好多年没吃过一顿饱饭了。本句为一般过去时态，shook为shake的过去式。6. was eating/ate/had eaten 句意：当Taff吃东西时，对我来讲，他脸上的笑容比什么都可爱。B(2016山东东营)阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。Bullying (欺凌) is doing things to hurt other people. It is a serious problem at school. Miahnow a 22-year-old girl，still1(remember) how she was bullied in junior high school. “They kicked me，put sticks in my hair and took money from me. Even worse，I2 (make) to eat rubbish. I never3 (forget) those moments. ”Miah is not the only case. I saw another bullying situation when I was a student. Some students bullied a handicapped (智力低下的) girl every dayhitting，pushing，and kicking her. They just enjoyed4(do) it. The girl didnt realize that people 5(hurt) her. She couldnt even tell the teacher. The situation lasted for a long time. Bullying at school is getting worse，so，many people6 (try) to start anti-bullying (反欺凌) programs. Students in many schools have already taken action. They7(create) anti-bullying clubs. Many students have joined the clubs. They work with teachers to show students how to stop bullying. Some other programs have proved to be successful，too. In Wales，two girls came up with an idea to stop bullying on the school bus. They created a bus pass (乘车证) and made four rules for students:no bullying，no swearing (骂脏话)，no smoking and no shouting. Whenever a student broke a rule，he would get a mark on his pass. When a student had four marks，he wouldnt be allowed to take the bus anymore. The bus pass idea worked. It 8(stop) bullying on the bus. In Michigan，some students tried to stop bullying with friendship. They made DVDs. They gave the DVDs to students in their school 9(teach) them how to be good friends. This idea worked，too. After th