中考英语一轮复习 unit 2 ill help to clean up the park导学案（无答案）

到乌蒙山区的昭通;从甘肃中部的定西，到内蒙古边陲的阿尔山，看真贫、知真贫，真扶贫、扶真贫，成为“花的精力最多”的事;“扶贫先扶志”“扶贫必扶智”“实施精准扶贫”unit 2 Ill help to clean up the park. 学习目标：1.复习本单元的重点单词及短语 2.复习如何提供帮助做志愿者工作的话题。 Guide one一.重点单词1.lonely adv.（ alone）2. feel n. ( feeling ）3. own n. （ owner ）4. difficulty adj. （ difficult）5. break vp.( broke） vpp.（broken） adj.（broken ）6.excite adj.(人）（ excited） adj.(物）（ exciting）7. kind n.（ kindness） 8. train n. （ training）9. interest adj人（interested） adj.(物）( interesting） Guide two二.重点词汇1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日2. an old peoples home 养老院3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难4. used to过去常常做某事5. care for 关心，照顾6. the look of joy 快乐的表情7. at the age of 在岁时8. clean up 打扫干净9. cheer up使振奋，高兴起来10. give out分发，散发11. come up with 提出，想出12. make a plan 制定计划13. make some notices制作广告牌14. try out 试用，试行15. work for 为工作，效力16. put up张贴，举起17. hand out分发，散发18. call up 打电话，招集19. put off 推迟，拖延20. for example 例如21. raise money筹钱22. take after 与相像23. give away 捐赠，赠送24. fix up 修理，修补25. be similar to 与相似26. set up建立，设立27. disabled people 残疾人28. make a difference 影响，有作用29. be able to 能，会30. after-school reading program 课外阅读活动 初中英语动词不定式精讲动词不定式是由“不定式符号(又叫小品词)to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，即只有动词原形，这种情况更需特别注意。动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，即可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等其他成分一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。动词不定式用作主语 动词不定式用作主语，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不定式短语和疑问词连用作主语，常置于句首；复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。 如： 1. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy every day. 2. It is not hard for me to learn English well. 分析：真正主语为to learn English well。为使句子保持平衡，用it放到前面，作句子句法功能意义上的主语，即形式主语。for me 是动词不定式逻辑上是主语。用作表语 动词不定式作表语，也就是be动词后作表语成分由不定式结构充当。 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 1.The best way to improve your English is to use English every day. 2.The important thing is to finish your homework first.用作宾语 动词不定式作宾语，就是放在动词后或介词后作宾语的成分由不定式结构来担当。1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：想要记住忘记(want, would like, remember, forget)；需要努力学习(need, try, learn)；喜欢同意帮助( like, love, agree, help)；希望决定开始(hope, wish, decide, begin, start)1) We decided to have a picnic this weekend.2) He is trying to improve his study.3) I would love to visit Mexico.2. 不定式结构和疑问词连用，可以一起作前面动词或介词的宾语。这类动词有decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell等。如：1) Could you please tell me how to get to the hospital?2) They are talking about where to spend their holiday.3. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是： .feel / find / make / .+ it + adj. / n+to do.。 如： I find it difficult to learn English well. We feel it our duty to keep our classroom clean.4.有些动词后既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语。两者之间意思差别不大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。非要严格界定两者区别，一般说来，动词不定式表示具体的偶尔的某次动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v-ing形式5. 后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, stop等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生,将去做；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生，强调这件事情本身。如：1) I forgot to do my homework last night. (昨晚我忘记去做作业了)I forgot telling him the story before. So when I told him the story again, he laughed. (我忘记我以前给他讲过这个故事了。因此当我再给他讲时，他笑了。)用作定语 动词不定式作定语，因其结构比较长，常放在所修饰的名词后作后置定语。1) I have so much homework to do today.2) I cant think of any good advice to give her. 用作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。1. 在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) I invited her to have dinner at my house yesterday. 2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 3) Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2. 动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括： 四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。 如：1) His words made me feel very angry. 2) We often see the boy play football on the playground.3. help后接动词不定式作补语，在主动语态里to可带可不带,在被动语态里，必须带出to来。1) I often help my mum do the housework at home.2) I am often helped to finish my homework with the help of my computer.4. be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：1) He doesnt seem to have many friends.2) Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.用作状语1. 目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1) In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.2) A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引导结果状语从句，in order to do不引导结果状语从句。2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如：1) My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.2) On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. 3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“enough to.”结构句中。如：1) Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do?2) The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.4. 有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand. 这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。5. 独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：1) Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.2) To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如：1. Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. 2. Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如：1. 用作句子的成分。1) I dont know what to try next. (作宾语)2) Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2. 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1) What to do next? (=What will we / you do next?)2) Why go there? (=Why do we / you go there?)动词不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1. Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)2. His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 当堂检测一、单项选择 ( )1.He used to _ volunteer. A.an B. be a C.be an D.being a ( )2.The river is dirty. We should _ some time next week. A.clean up it B.make it up C.clean it up D.make up it ( )3.My teacher told me _ these notebooks. A.not to give out B.not hand out C.to not give out D.to hand not out ( )4.The good news winning for the game _ everyone there. A.cheered out B.cheered up