中考英语专题复习六 动词（含三年命题规律总结精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求动词一动词时态动词时态是与动词相关的考点，在北京市历届中考语法试题中所占的比例都是各项知识点中最高的。在一套试卷的10个单项选择题中，至少有3个题是直接测试时态的，至少有2个题是将时态和语态以及（宾语从句的）语序结合起来进行测试的。由此可见，掌握动词的时态有多么重要！2014年2016年北京市中考有关动词时态的测试考点分析：2014年2015年2016年1. 一般现在时 2. 过去进行时 3. 现在完成时 4. 一般将来时的被动语态 5. 一般将来时+宾语从句语序1. 现在进行时 2. 现在完成时 3. 一般过去时的被动语态 4. 一般将来时+宾语从句语序1. 一般过去时 2. 现在进行时 3. 现在完成时 4. 一般将来时的被动语态 5. 一般现在时+宾语从句语序尽管近几年北京市中考题中语法专项题目的个数在减少，但是对于时态的测试始终没有减少，甚至在2016年北京市中考题中考查动词时态的题目在整套试题的语法测试题目中所占的比例还在增加，高达50%！可以说，动词时态是这些年教育考试院认为的“核心语法”。北京市中考说明对于动词时态的掌握做了如下要求：1. 熟练掌握动词的五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。2. 熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法。3. 理解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。4. 熟练掌握系动词be的用法。5. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带有can, may, must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。近几年来，在中考题中，一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时和过去进行时是作为考点和答案项出现的，而过去完成时和过去将来时只作为干扰项出现。在试题命制时，命题人主要从语境提示和时态标志词入手，或通过呈现一组对话来展示语境，学生必须通过阅读对话，体会并判断语境来确定正确的时态，这种情况常常出现在对于现在进行时的测试中；或者是通过一句陈述语，加上时态标志词，提示学生来选择正确的时态，比如对于现在完成时的测试往往是这样。在中考试题命制时，命题人主要从语境提示和时态标志词入手，因此，考生在学习和掌握时态时，应该从时态的功能出发，结合时态名称、定义、谓语动词结构（形式，“态”）以及时态标志词（“时”）来理解，亦可将初中阶段学习的八种时态组合成四对来进行对比分析，从而形成良好的知识结构框架。时态定义时态标志词（时）动词形式（态）例句功能特殊用法或易错点要求一般现在时1. 目前的状态 2. 目前习惯动作usually, often, always等am/is/are,动词原形或三单He is fine. I often walk to school. 描述目前状态 描述习惯、爱好等将两种结构混用到一起熟练掌握一般过去时1. 过去的状态 2. 过去的动作或习惯行为yesterday，. ago, last （week）. was/were，动词过去式He was fine. He walked there last week. 描述过去状态 描述经历，讲故事等将两种结构混用到一起熟练掌握现在进行时此刻正在进行的行为now, Look!Listen!等am/is/are+v. -ingI am reading now. 描述目前行为、画面等忘记加am/is/are熟练掌握过去进行时过去某一具体时刻的行为at this time yesterday, when+一般过去时从句was/were+v. -ingI was reading at this time yesterday. 描述当时画面或具体行为忘记加was/were熟练掌握一般将来时目前将要发生的行为tomorrow, next week, in the future. will+v. shall+v. am/is/are going to+v. I will read the book next week. 描述计划、打算等忘记加am/is/are熟练掌握过去将来时从过去某个时间看，将要发生的行为（无明显时态标志词）would + v. should + v. was/were going to + v. He said he would walk there. 在过去描述未来的计划和打算理解现在完成时到目前为止某动作持续了多久；过去的动作对现在的影响for+一段时间, since. ,already, yet, just, never, ever等have+v. -ed has+v. -edI have learned English for 10 years. 描述经历等将动词过去式与过去分词混淆熟练掌握过去完成时到过去某时为止某动作持续了多久（无明显时态标志词）had+v. -edBy 2009 I had already lived there for 10 years. 将动词过去式与过去分词混淆理解从上表可以看出，一般现在时&一般过去时，现在进行时&过去进行时，一般将来时&过去将来时，现在完成时&过去完成时，这四对时态可以进行比较理解和记忆。在解单项选择中的时态题目时，可以依据时态标志词或者语境提示，来选择相应的时态和时态结构。1. （2016北京）Where did you go last weekend?I to the Great Wall. A. goB. wentC. will goD. have goneB2. （2016北京）Its nice to see you again. We each other since 2014. A. wont seeB. dont seeC. havent seenD. didnt seeC3. （2016北京）Please dont make so much noise. The baby now. A. sleeps B. sleptC. will sleepD. is sleepingD4. （2015北京）Mum, where is Dad?He flowers in the garden now. A. plantedB. plants C. will plantD. is plantingD5. （2015北京）My grandparents in that city since 2008. A. will live B. live C. have livedD. were livingC6. （2014北京）What do you often do at weekends?I often my grandparents. A. visit B. visitedC. have visited D. will visitA7. （2014北京）What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?I the classroom. A. was cleaningB. have cleaned C. will clean D. cleanA8. （2014北京）He in this factory for 20 years already. A. will work B. works C. has workedD. is workingCA组1. （2016石景山一模）What are you doing, Sam?I the house for my uncle. A. am paintingB. paintedC. paint D. will paintA 2. （2016西城一模）Do you know Mr. Smith?Yes. I him since 2008. A. knowB. knewC. have known D. will knowC3. （2016海淀一模）I Beijing Opera since I was five years old. A. learn B. learned C. will learn D. have learnedD4. （2014西城一模）Did you see the film last night?No, I some shopping at that time. A. am doing B. was doingC. didD. will doB5. （2014西城一模）When I was a boy, I often to play in that park. A. went B. have goneC. goC. will goA6. （2014东城一模）I you a copy of the report as soon as I find it. A. send B. sentC. will send D. have sentC7. （2014东城一模）My uncle is a writer. He many books since he was young. A. writes B. wrote C. is writing D. has writtenD8. （2014海淀一模）Gina a lot since she joined the club. A. learns B. learned C. will learnD. has learnedD9. （2014海淀一模）Be quiet!Your little brother in the bedroom now. A. sleptB. sleeps C. will sleepD. is sleepingD10. （2014朝阳一模）We breakfast when the phone rang. A. had B. were havingC. are having D. haveBB组1. （2015东城一模）Jack, where is Tom?He in the library. A. reads B. readC. was readingD. is readingD2. （2015东城一模）I this mobile phone for five years. I want to buy a new one. A. useB. usedC. have used D. will useC3. （2015西城一模）Where were you when I called you yesterday afternoon?I a movie in the cinema. A. was seeingB. seeC. have seen D. will seeA4. （2014朝阳一模）My grandpa a walk after supper every day. A. takes B. took C. will takeD. has takenA5. （2014西城二模）The little boy quietly when his mother entered his bedroom. A. cries B. was cryingC. is cryingD. criedB6. （2014丰台一模）Where is Miss Lee?She a meeting at the office now. A. is having B. hadC. hasD. will haveA7. （2014丰台一模）Many foreigners to visit Beijing every year. A. comeB. came C. comes D. will comeA8. （2014丰台一模）Mr Brown in this factory since he was 24 years old. A. works B. worked C. will workD. has workedD9. （2014通州一模）Why are you late, Dad?I met a friend and we in the street for a while. A. talkB. are talkingC. talkedD. will talkC10. （2014通州一模）When I got home, my parents for me at the table. A. wait B. waitedC. were waitingD. have waitedC1. He is very good at English. He it since he was 5. A. learnB. will learn C. is learningD. has learnedD2. Please turn down the TV. Dad on the telephone now. A. talksB. is talkingC. talked D. was talkingB3. What do you usually do on Sundays?I usually basketball with my friends. A. playB. playsC. playedD. have playedA4. What did you do yesterday?I a party with my friends in the park. A. have B. hadC. have hadD. was havingB5. Whats your plan for the coming holiday?I on a trip with my classmates. A. go B. wentC. have gone D. will goD6. He too much, so he didnt feel very well. A. ateB. eatsC. will eat D. is eatingA7. Toms uncle in Beijing since last week. A. works B. workedC. is working D. has workedD8. He his clothes at this time yesterday. A. washedB. was washing C. washesD. is washingB9. We went boating yesterday and we a good time. A. have B. hadC. are havingD. was havingB10. Oh, I left my schoolbag in your house. Dont worry. I it to school tomorrow. A. take B. will take C. took D. were takingB二情态动词情态动词是每年中考必考考点之一。这个语言点在近几年的中考题中考得比较简单，主要涉及can和must以及need的用法，因常考问话人用Can开头提问、答话人用can来回答，有人戏称这种考法为“看（can）来看（can）去”。2014年2016年北京市英语中考“单项选择”题型中所测试的情态动词的内容：2014年2015年2016年must-needntcan-can未考尽管在单项选择中对情态动词的考查内容不多,但对情态动词的考查还会出现在阅读理解、完形填空以及书面表达试题中。北京市中考说明对于情态动词的要求是：掌握情态动词的基本用法,如：can, may, must, need等。在题目命制时，命题人提供了具体、生动的语境，充分体现了情态动词考查语用化的趋势，注重考查学生在语境中对相关知识的运用能力。情态动词是表达能力、义务、必要性、猜测等功能，含有一定情感色彩的助动词，它本身具有含义，但是在句中不能单独用作谓语，需要与实义动词一起构成谓语。有些情态动词具有多个含义，用于不同句式时又有不同用法，常常是在肯定句式时用这个，而在否定句式时则需要用那个，用于疑问句式时还有不同回答，使得学生在学习和掌握时出现了很多意想不到的问题。比如： can有“可以”的意思，相对应的功能是表示许可，但是在否定回答表强烈语气时可以用cant或mustnt，而cant又可以作“不可能”讲，用于对 must表示推测时的否定。同时, can还具有“可能”的含义，相对应的功能是表示推测。can的第三种含义是“能够”，相对应的功能是表示能力。通常地，学生在学习情态动词时，应该从词义出发，理解其相应的功能，并在例句和所体现的语境中体会其中的语气，这样才能比较准确地掌握它们的用法。下面以情态动词can、may和must为例，来说明如何理解和掌握情态动词的用法:1. can有三种含义和功能，语气有时适中，有时强烈。（1）“可以”，表示许可，语气适中，相当于may。例如：Can I have some more apples, Mum?Yes,you can. / No, you cant/mustnt. 我可以再吃一些苹果吗，妈妈？是的，你可以。/不，你不能/不准。（2）“能够，会”，表示能力，语气适中。例如：Can you swim?Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 你会游泳吗？是的，我会。/ 不，我不会。（3）“（不）可能”，表示推测，常用于对must表示推测的否定，语气强烈。例如：Look!That boy over there must be Tom because he is as tall and thin as Tom. It cant be Tom. Tom has gone to America. 看！那边那个男孩一定是汤姆，因为他和汤姆一样高、一样瘦。不可能是汤姆！汤姆去美国了。2. may有两种含义和功能，语气适中。（1）“可以”，表示请求或许可，语气较委婉，相当于can。但是在进行否定回答时通常不用may not，因为may not过于正式。例如：May/Can I have some more apples, Mum?Yes, you may/can. /No, you cant/mustnt. 我可以再吃一些苹果吗，妈妈？是的，你可以。/不，你不能/不准。（2）“可能”，在肯定句中表示推测，其肯定语气弱于must。例如：You may ask Mr. Lee. He may know what you want to learn. 你可以问问李老师。他可能知道你想学的东西。3. must有两种含义和功能，语气比较强烈。（1）“必须”，表示必要性，语气强烈，肯定回答时用must，但是否定回答时常用neednt，因为mustnt的语气过于强烈，常用于规章制度、令行禁止等。例如：a. Must I finish my homework before dinner, Mum?Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. You can finish it after dinner. 我必须在晚饭前完成家庭作业吗，妈妈？是的，你必须完成。/不，不必。你可以在晚饭后完成作业。b. Can I park my car here, sir?No, you mustnt. You must park it over there. 我可以把车停在这儿吗，先生？不，不行。你必须停在那边。（2）“一定”，用在肯定句中表示推测，肯定的语气很强，但是否定回答时要用cant。具体例句参加can词条（3）。综上所述，学生需要从词义出发，结合功能和语气，在具体语境中去理解、记忆情态动词，这样才能够学得更加扎实。在做题时，学生可以细读题干（通常是对话），体会其中语境和语气，判断功能，将所学的有关情态动词的例句所体现的语境和该题题干进行对比，然后选择相类似的语境，最后确定合适的情态动词。1. （2015北京）Jack， you ride a bike?Yes, I can. A. can B. mayC. needD. mustA2. （2014北京）Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?No, you . A. cantB. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. needntD3. （2014北京） you sing an English song?Yes, I can. A. Can B. May C. MustD. NeedA4. （2015上海）Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?No, you . A. shouldntB. wouldnt C. mustntD. needntD5. （2016山东）Can you ride a horse?No, I . A. needntB. may notC. cantD. mustntC1. （2016石景山一模） I have a look at your dictionary?Of course you can. Here you are. A. NeedB. CanC. MustD. ShouldB 2. （2016海淀一模）Must I hand in my paper now, Mr. Jones?No, you . You can hand it in tomorrow. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. cantD. shouldntA3. （2016西城一模）Mum, can I watch TV now?No. You tidy your room first. A. canB. may C. mustD. couldC4. （2015石景山一模）Can he jump high?Yes, he . He is a good high jumper. A. can B. need C. must D. shallA5. （2015顺义一模）May I watch TV now, Mum?No, you . Youve got a lot of homework to do. A. wontB. mustnt C. shouldnt D. needntB6. （2015东城一模）Must I finish the work today?No, you . A. cantB. needntC. mustnt D. shouldntB7. （2015西城一模）Must I leave the reading room before 5 oclock?No, you . You can stay here until 5:30. A. cantB. needntC. mustnt D. shouldntB8. （2015朝阳一模）May I put my car here, please?No, you . Put it over there, please. A. mustnt B. needntC. shouldnt D. wouldntA9. （2015丰台一模）Can you speak French?No, I . A. cantB. needntC. mustnt D. shouldntA10. （2015昌平一模）May I go to play basketball with Jim now?No, you . Youve got so much homework to do. A. mustntB. needntC. shouldnt D. wouldntA1. Can I park my car here?No, you . Look at the sign “No parking”. A. shouldnt B. mustntC. couldntD. needntB2. Must I read the book here, in the reading room?Yes, you . A. may B. can C. need D. mustD3. Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Tom?It be him. He has gone to the Great Wall. A. cantB. may notC. mustntD. needntA4. you say it again?I didnt hear you clearly. A. Can B. MustC. May D. NeedA5. May I play football here, Mum?No, you play football in the busy street. Its too dangerous!A. wouldnt B. mustntC. needntD. couldntB6. These people are good runners. They run very fast. A. must B. can C. couldD. shouldB7. Guess what?Our team won the school football match. Congratulations!You be very proud. A. can B. must C. would D. shouldB8. Can you translate the article into Chinese?Yes, I . A. can B. mustC. would D. shouldA9. Must I water the flowers every day?No, you . You can water them every two days. A. cantB. mustnt C. shouldntD. needntD10. Must I answer the question in English?No, you . You can answer it in Chinese. A. cantB. neednt C. shouldnt D. mustntB三被动语态动词的被动语态是中考必考内容之一，它通常和一些常见时态结合起来被测试，主要考查的是一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态，包含情态动词的被动语态以及现在完成时的被动语态在北京市各区县的模拟题中偶尔会出现。以下是2014年2016年北京市中考对于被动语态的考查内容：2014年2015年2016年一般将来时+被动语态一般过去时+被动语态一般将来时+被动语态北京市中考说明对于被动语态的要求是：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带有can, may, must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。在题目命制时，命题人提供了具体时态标志词和具体的语境，充分体现了动词的被动语态考查语用化的趋势，注重考查学生在语境中对相关知识的运用能力。动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态结构由 “be + 过去分词”构成。前面提到，中考对于动词的被动语态的考查一般涉及一般现在时、一般过去时以及一般将来时，因此，对于相关的时态的掌握和判断就显得十分重要。以下是动词的被动语态的基本构成：时态构成例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词Today computers are usedeverywhere. 一般过去时was/were+过去分词The old man was sent to hospital immediately after the car accident. 一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词A new road will be built next year. 含情态动词can/must/may. + be+过去分词Books mustnt be taken out of the reading room. 通常情况下，在单项选择的四个选项中会出现两个不同时态的主动语态的选项、两个和前面类似或者相同时态的被动语态的选项。在解题时，学生可以选择从时态出发，排除两个选项，也可以选择从语态出发，排除两个选项，再依据另一个角度，排除第三个干扰项。1. （2016北京）A new road near my school next year. A. builds B. will buildC. is builtD. will be builtD2. （2015北京）These cars in China in 2013. A. are made B. were made C. makeD. madeB3. （2014北京）A new hospital in my town next year. A. buildsB. builtC. is built D. will be builtD4. （2015山东）Flowers along the road last year. A. plantB. plantedC. are planted D. were plantedD5. （2014上海）Today, computers are really helpful. They everywhere. A. useB. are usedC. used D. were usedB6. （2015苏州）Many accidents by careless drivers last year. A. are causedB. were causedC. have caused D. will causeBA组1. （2016石景山一模）The 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing in 2022. A. holdsB. will holdC. were heldD. will be heldD2. （2016西城一模）On March 15，2016, Lee Se-dol by Googles Al in the final match. A. beat B. beatsC. was beatenD. is beatenC3. （2016朝阳一模）More and more trees in Beijing every year. A. plant B. plantedC. are plantedD. were plantedC4. （2014东城一模）The park gates at 10:00 every evening. A. lock B. lockedC. are lockedD. were lockedC5. （2015门头沟一模）The famous tower more than 300 years ago. A. builds B. builtC. is builtD. was builtD6. （2015海淀一模）Lots of lessons on the Internet these days. A. giveB. are givenC. gaveD. were givenB7. （2015丰台一模）Lots of trees along the streets last year. A. plant B. are plantedC. planted D. were plantedD8. （2015石景山一模）Helen to a language school when she was 7. A. sent B. is sentC. was sent D. will sendC9. （2015顺义一模）A big shopping centre in Shunyi last year. A. builtB. was builtC. will buildD. will be builtB10. （2015通州一模）The Olympic Games every four years. A. are held B. were heldC. holdD. heldAB组1. （2015东城一模）What a beautiful picture!Thank you. It when I travelled in Paris last year. A. takesB. took C. is takenD. was takenD2. （2015西城一模）The 7th Womens Football World Cup in Canada in 2015. A. was held B. held C. holdD. is heldA3. （2015朝阳一模）My sister to the party yesterday. She had a good time there. A. invitesB. invitedC. was invitedD. is invitedC4. （2014海淀二模）The iPad in 2010. And it is very popular now. A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was inventedD5. （2014西城一模）His car very well in this car-washing centre yesterday. A. cleansB. cleanedC. was cleanedD. is cleanedC6. （2015怀柔一模）A big shopping centre in our town next year. A. is built B. was builtC. will build D. will be builtD7. （2015平谷一模）Now computers in many ways in our life. A. useB. are usedC. used D. were usedB8. （2015房山一模）More green parks in my hometown in the future. A. build B. are builtC. will be built D. will buildC9. （2015大兴一模）Many children in Britain to have their own bank cards these days. A. allow B. allowedC. are allowedD. were allowedC10. （2015东城二模）Lily is a tidy girl. Her room clean all the time. A. kept B. was keptC. is kept D. keepingC1. Computers are helpful. They in many schools in Beijing. A. use B. are used C. usedD. were usedB2. The workers are working very hard on the new hospital now. It next year. A. is usedB. useC. will be usedD. will useC3. Many traffic accidents by careless driving every year. A. are caused B.