中考英语命题研究第二编语法专题突破篇专题十动词的时态第一节时态的基本构成精讲试题

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求专题十动词的时态,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.现在进行时2.一般现在时3.一般过去时4.一般将来时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时时态年份题号选项设置提示词分值一般过去时201329invent/inventing/was invented无1分现在进行时201662are_(sit)are1分201327eat/are eating/ateLook1分201226took/takes/are takingLook1分过去进行时201428is walking/was walking/has playedwhen引导的时间状语从句主句时态1分现在完成时201627has been to/has gone to/went tosorry，he isnt in.1分201529change/changed/has changedsince 引导的主句时态1分动词的时态是怀化中考单项选择题中的高频考点。语句设置多为一个单句，词数在1015词，其语境设置不是很灵活，大多都有明显的时间状语提示。现在完成时五年中考过两次；过去时，过去进行时五年中也分别考过一次；现在进行时五年中考了三次；一般现在时和一般将来时五年中没考过一次，为冷考点。此外在翻译句子中也涉及对时态的考查，考查点主要为一般现在时。预计2017年怀化中考的单项选择仍会出现一道时态题，现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时考查的可能性很大。第一节时态的基本构成,怀化中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1动词的五种基本形式变化表英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(现在式)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。形式构成例词动词原形没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式be，do，have，come第三人称单数一般在动词原形后直接加sworkworksreadreads以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加esgogoeswashwashes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加esflyfliesstudystudies续表形式构成例词过去式与过去分词一般在动词原形后直接加edworkworkedstaystayed在以e结尾的动词后只加dcloseclosedlikeliked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加edstopstoppedplanplanned续表形式构成例词现在分词一般在动词原形后直接加ingsleepsleepingwaitwaiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingsmilesmilingmovemoving以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加ingsitsittingdigdiggingplanplanning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：短暂性动词延续性动词have closed/openedhave been closed/openhave diedhave been deadhave lefthave been awayhave begun/startedhave been on续表短暂性动词延续性动词have finished/endedhave been overhave becomehave beenhave borrowedhave kepthave boughthave hadhave joinedhave been a member of/have been inhave left sp.have been away from sp.have fallen asleephave been asleephave put onhave wornhave caught/got a coldhave had a coldhave got to knowhave known2常见6种时态的构成及用法种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注一般现在时1.现阶段经常性或习惯性动作2目前的状态3客观真理be用am/is/are；主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词词尾加s/es；其他人称和数用动词原形often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/year(every系列)He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。一般过去时1.过去发生的动作2过去存在的状态be用was/were；其他动词用过去式just now，ago，in 1980，last night/week/month(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。一般将来时1.将来发生的动作2将来存在的状态1.助动词will(shall)动词原形2am/is/are going to动词原形tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我将在校门口见你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时续表种类意义构成特点时间标志词例句备注现在进行时说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作am/is/are动词的现在分词now，at present，at the moment，look，listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？电话响了，你可以接听一下吗？表示位置移动或状态变化的动词，如：come，go，leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作过去进行时过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were动词的现在分词at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示过去时间的状语从句I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时，通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现现在完成时1.到现在为止已经完成的动作；对现在还有影响2从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态have/has动词的过去分词yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten yearsHe has only been to the Great Wall once.他去过长城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我来到青年志愿者有五年了。1.since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一般时间连用必须换成延续性动词(见上表)【考点抢测】一、词语运用1Grandma usually _wakes_up_ early in the morning.(醒来)2When we _compare_(比较) Western culture with Chinese culture，youll find many differences.3That company _provided_ (提供) us with 3，000 dollars in 2012.4The thief stole_ (steal) food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen.5The wind _swept_away_ (sweep away) the clouds and the sky was clear.6We still dont know when your friend _will_come_ (come) here.7I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station，the train _had_left_(leave)8I _was_reading_ (read) a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.二、单项选择( C )9.(2016张家界中考)_you ever_the history museum，Paul?No，I havent.ADo；visitBDid；visitCHave；visited( A )10.(2016泉州中考)Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Panda 3，Kelly?Not yet.I_it with my classmate tonight.Awill watch Bwas watchingChave watched( B )11.(2016永州中考)What are you doing now?I_to the music.Ais listening Bam listeningCwas listening( A )12.(2016长沙中考)I think Ill take a bus to the meeting.The bus？If you_，youll be late.AdoBhave doneCwill do( C )13.(2016长沙中考)Your coat fits you well.Thank you.I_it when I was on vacation.Ahave boughtBbuyCbou