高考英语一轮复习构想 unit 2 english around the world课时作业 新人教版必修

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争Unit 2English around the world.阅读理解A(2017山东高三第二学期考试)Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dogs life, describes a person who has an unhappy life.Some people say we live in a dogeatdog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dogtired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. But mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要向读者介绍了一些美国人常用的关于“狗”的表达方式。1What does the passage mainly discuss?ADogs in our daily lives. BExpressions with dogs.CThe role dogs take in America. DAttitude of the American citizens to dogs.答案与解析：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了一些美国人常用的关于“狗”的表达方式。故选B。2What does “dogtired” describe in the passage?ADescribes a very successful person.BDescribes the dogs are very tired after a long walk.CDescribes a rainy and cloudy weather.DDescribes the heavy degree of exhaustion of people after long time work.答案与解析：D细节理解题。结合关键句可知，“dogtired”用来描述长期工作后人们的疲惫不堪。故选D。【关键句】They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dogtired.(第二段第三至五句)译文：他们说成功就得像狗一样辛苦地工作，这使他们筋疲力尽。3How are people compared to dogs in bad ways?ABy mean dogs and junkyard dogs. BBy lazy dogs and bad dogs.CBy sick dogs and tired dogs. DNone of them is right.答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据关键句可知，应选A。【关键句】Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. But mean dogs are often used to guard this property.(第四段第一至四句)译文：一些人被恶意地比作狗。那些不善良的、漠不关心的人被认为比垃圾场的狗还要不友善但是吝啬的狗经常用来保护这些财产。4What can we learn from the text?AEveryone can be successful if he learns from the old.BIt might be difficult for the young to learn new skills.CJunkyard dogs are careful in money arrangement.DFierce persons arent so awful as their appearance sometimes.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据关键句可推知，长相凶猛的人其实并不像外表上看起来那么可怕。故选D。【关键句】However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad.(第四段倒数第二句)译文：然而，有时一个看起来刻薄、具有威胁性的人实际上并没有那么坏。【长难句分析】They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.(第三段最后一句)分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句；they do things为省略关系词的定语从句，先行词为the way。译文：他们认为年龄大的人不喜欢学习新事物，也不愿改变自己做事的方式。B(2017衡水高三一调)It is not unusual for people to speak two or three languages; theyre known as bilinguals or trilinguals. Speakers of more than three languages are known as polyglots. And when we refer to people who speak many languages, perhaps a dozen or more, we use the term hyperpolyglot.The most famous hyperpolyglot was Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th century Italian cardinal (红衣主教), who was said to speak 72 languages. This claim sounds absurd. If_you_assume_each_language_had_20_000_words,_Mezzofanti_would_have_to_learn_a_word_a_minute,_six_hours_a_day,_for_eleven_years_an_impossible_task. But Mezzofanti was tested by critics, and they were all impressed.Did Mezzofanti have an extraordinary brain? Or are hyperpolyglots just ordinary people with ordinary brains who manage to do something extraordinary through hard work?U. S. linguist (语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability. As an example, he mentions a Hungarian woman who worked as an interpreter during the 20th century. When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages. She said she learned them mostly on her own, reading fiction or working through dictionaries or textbooks.Some researchers argue to the contrary. They believe that there is such a thing as a talent for learning languages. In the 1930s, a German scientist examined parts of the preserved brain of a hyperpolyglot named Emil Krebs, who could speak 60 languages fluently. The scientist found that the area of Krebs brain called Bocas area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Bocas area in the brains of men who speak only one language. However, we still dont know if Krebs was born with a brain ready to learn dozens of languages or if his brain adapted to the demands he put on it.Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is born, theres no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些会讲多种语言的人，并探讨了关于掌握多种语言的能力是否是天生的这一话题。5What does the underlined sentence imply?A. Mezzofanti could remember 360 words a day.B. Mezzofanti had a special way to learn languages.C. Mezzofantis achievement was ridiculous.D. Mezzofantis language ability was astonishing.答案与解析：D句意理解题。根据下文可知，Mezzofanti完成了这项几乎不可能完成的任务，且通过了评论家对他的测试；由此可推知，画线句应表明他的语言能力令人吃惊。故选D。6The Hungarian woman became a hyperpolyglot mainly because of her _.A. good memoryB. hard workC. unique brain D. learning methods答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据关键句可推知，这位Hungarian女士是因为自己的努力才学会了多种语言的。故选B。【关键句】U. S. linguist (语言学家) Stephen Krashen believes that outstanding language learners just work harder at it and then they acquire unusually strong language ability.(第四段第一句)译文：美国语言学家Stephen Krashen认为杰出的语言学者只是比常人付出更多的努力，然后他们接受语言的能力就非比寻常罢了。When she was 86, she could speak 16 languages and was still working on learning new languages.(第四段第三句)译文：当她86岁时，她能说16种语言，并且仍旧在学习新的语言。7The German scientists findings showed that Krebs _.A. had an unusual brainB. was born with great talentC. had worked hard at languagesD. expected too much of himself答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据关键句可知，Krebs的大脑看起来和寻常人的不一样。故选A。【关键句】The scientist found that the area of Krebs brain called Bocas area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Bocas area in the brains of men who speak only one language.(第五段第四句)译文：科学家发现，Krebs大脑中和语言有关的被称为Boca区域的这一区域看起来和只会讲一种语言的人的Boca区域有很大的不同。8What is the purpose of the text?A. To explain what hyperpolyglots do.B. To introduce some famous hyperpolyglots.C. To present new findings on hyperpolyglots.D. To explore if hyperpolyglots are born talented.答案与解析：D写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章在前面介绍了有的人认为学会多种语言是通过自己后天的刻苦努力实现的，也有人认为学习多种语言的能力可能与大脑先天的构造有关；结合关键句可知，本文主要是为了探讨掌握多种语言的能力是否与自己的天赋有关这一问题。故选D。【关键句】Although it is still not clear whether the ability to learn many languages is bron, theres no doubt that just about all of us can acquire skills in a second, third, or even fourth language by putting our mind to it.(最后一段)译文：尽管目前还不知道学习多种语言的能力是否是天生的，但毫无疑问只要我们下定决心，学会两三门甚至四门语言都是不成问题的。【长难句分析】The scientist found that the area of Krebs brain called Bocas area, which is associated with language, looked different from the Bocas area in the brains of men who speak only one language.(第五段第四句)分析：该句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，作动词“found”的宾语；“called Bocas area”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词“area”； which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“Bocas area”； who引导定语从句，修饰名词“men”，引导词在从句中充当主语。译文：科学家发现，Krebs大脑中和语言有关的被称为Boca区域的这一区域看起来和只会讲一种语言的人的Boca区域有很大的不同。词汇积累：term n. 术语extraordinary adj. 非凡的，特别的outstanding adj. 杰出的，显著的argue vi. 争论，辩论.七选五(2017陕西西安八校联考)Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (surprise, uncertainty, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country.Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place. _1_The next stage is “the hostility (敌意) stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. _2_ Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore.Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, youstart to feel more positive. _3_ The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it.The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good. _4_ The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable.Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages. _5_ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e.g. from high school to college)A. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.B. Youve learned enough to understand the new culture.C. You become tired of many things about the new cultureD. Friends should help each other to deal with culture shock.E. In addition, culture shock is not limited to overseas visitors.F. And everything seems to be great and people seem to be nice to you.G. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you didnt understand.答案与解析：【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“文化冲击”的定义和经历文化冲击的四个阶段。【段意梳理】第一段：文化冲击的定义和发生的环境。第二段：文化冲击有四个阶段，第一阶段为“蜜月期”。第三段：第二阶段为“敌意期”。第四段：第三阶段为“适应期”。第五段：第四阶段为“调整期”。第六段：并非每个人都会经历这四个阶段，文化冲击并不限于国外文化。1F根据上句“In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place”可知，这一阶段你会对在不同地方生活感到兴奋；结合该段第二句“The first stage is called the honeymoon”可以判断，空处陈述在文化冲击的“蜜月期”的感受，故F项符合文意。2C根据上句“In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was”可知，在这一阶段，你开始注意到并非一切如你想象的那样好；据此可以判断，空处陈述在第二阶段“敌意期 ”的感受，故C 项符合文意。3G根据空处下句“The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it”可知，你会学习让自己适应新的环境；据此可以判断，空处表达“你尝试着理解你以前不理解的一切”，故G项正确。4B根据空处下句“The things that originally made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand”可知，你理解了原先感到不舒服或陌生的事物；据此可以判断，空处说明你已经足以理解新的文化，故B项正确。5E根据文章最后一句“It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place or from one setting to another (e. g. from high school to college)”可判断，空处陈述文化冲击发生的范围，故E项符合文意。.语法填空(2017安徽江南十校联考)A recent study has shown that about 18% of teenagers have mental problems. Their troubles include being worried and learning very _1_(happy), and also include having problems in _2_(get) on well with people around them. Many students _3_ have problems wont go for advice or help although it is quite necessary. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others dont want to talk about their secret. Li Jia, a Junior 2 student from a key school, could not communicate with his teachers well and was doing even _4_(bad) in his lessons. He showed his _5_(anxious) about himself and _6_ seemed surprising was that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, a 15yearold girl from Guangzhou, was afraid of _7_(exam). She would get very upset w