高考英语大一轮复习 unit 1 great scientists复习练案 新人教版必修

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争Unit 1 Great scientists .阅读理解A(2016青岛市二模)Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact.The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength.This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa.They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the Universitys Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process.The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap.”Professor Miles Carroll, a coauthor of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。1What does the first paragraph mainly tell us？_C_AHow severe Ebola virus is.BHow Ebola virus spreads.CHow Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.DWhat contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.解析：主旨大意题。A项埃博拉病毒有多严重；B项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的；C项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的贡献。根据题干关键词the first paragraph。通读第一段，并根据第一句话Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from humantohuman contact可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。故选C。2Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage？_B_AIn the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.BAs the virus spreads, itll change and become more and more deadly.CThe research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.DThe scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe中的关键词initially可知A是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists skills to close this knowledge gap.”排除C；根据文章最后三段可排除D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe可知选B。3The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to _B_.AoptimisticBdeadlyCcommonDfantastic解析：词义猜测题。optimistic乐观的；deadly致命的；common常见的；fantastic奇异的。根据文章第四段的The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies和该段的the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus可知埃博拉病毒变得更加致命。由此推断fatal是致命的。故选B。4Where can we probably read this passage？_A_AIn a science report.BIn a storybook.CIn an advertisement.DIn a textbook.解析：细节理解题。In a science report在科技报告上；In a storybook在故事书中；In an advertisement在一个广告中；In a textbook在课本中。通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选A。B(2017临沂市一模)Drive through any suburb in the US.today，and its hard to miss the bins that have become companions to Americas trash cans.Recycling has become commonplace，as people recognize the need to care for the environment.Yet most peoples recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles，and cans.People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of ewaste.Ewaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices，and the majority of them end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs，VCRs，computers，cell phones，and other electronics every year.Unless we can find a safe replacement，this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins(毒素)，such as lead，mercury, and arsenic.Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.However，ewaste often contains reusable silver，gold，and other electrical materials.Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals，which can destroy ecosystems.A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping(倾倒)ewaste.Still，less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs.Some companies advertising safe disposal(处置)in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries，where it still ends up in landfills.These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight，outofmind location.However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.文章大意：电子垃圾问题应该引起重视。5What can we infer from the first paragraph？_A_AMany Americans now have access to recycling bins.BEwaste cannot be put into trash cans in the US.CMost Americans have realized the dangers of ewaste.DMost of Americas trash cans are made of recycled material.解析：推理判断题。由第一段第一句话可推知，许多美国人。6What can best replace the underlined word“contaminates”in Paragraph 2？_A_APollutes. BHeats.CAbsorbs.DReduces.解析：猜测词义题。燃烧垃圾严重污染空气。7How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills？_B_AIts important. BIts unsafe.CIts acceptable.DIts uncommon.解析：细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“Unless we can find a safe replacement this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water.”可推知，作者认为填埋电子垃圾是不安全的。8Whats the authors purpose in writing this text？_D_ATo tell us how to recycle ewaste.BTo talk about the future of ewaste.CTo discuss if its necessary to recycle ewaste.DTo encourage us to deal with ewaste properly.解析：推理判断题。由文章大意可知。.语法填空阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017甘肃省部分普通高中第一次联考)The truth _1.that_ trees are vital to our life is not a secret.They provide us with food, wood and most _2.importantly_(important), oxygen.Now there is one more thing we can add to this listblocking out harmful bacteria from water.The discovery _3.was_made_(make) by a team _4.consisting_(consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students _5.who/that_ were seeking a natural water filterone that would help communities in developing countries that do not have _6.access_(accessible) to modern water filter systems.The _7.researchers_(research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people related then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through._8.To_ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles._9.Encouraged_(encourage), the team conducted _10.another_ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.文章大意：树木作用巨大。最新研究表明，它们能去除水中的细菌。1命题立意：考查同位语从句。解析：此处是同位语从句，又因为从句中不缺少成分，故选用从属连词that。2命题立意：考查形容词和副词的转换。解析：此处most importantly是在修饰谓语动词provide，故用副词。句意为“他们为我们提供了食物和木头，更重要的是提供了氧气”。3命题立意：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。解析：此处指上文中的新发现是由一个被几个科学家组成的队伍做出的，the discovery和make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。由本句话可知，用一般过去时。4命题立意：考查非谓语动词。解析：此处是现在分词短语“consisting of scientists”作后置定语，修饰team。因为被修饰词team和consist之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。5命题立意：考查定语从句。解析：分析句子可知此处为who/that引导的定语从句，因为先行词是students，并且students在后面的定语从句中充当主语，故用who/that。6命题立意：考查形容词和名词的转换。解析：have access to，意思为“使用，接近，可以利用”，是固定搭配。7命题立意：考查动词和名词的转换。解析：分析该句结构可知，谓语动词为decided，那么能发出这个动作的主语应该为researchers研究人员，研究者。8命题立意：考查介词。解析：to ones amazement，是固定结构，表示“令某人惊讶的是”。举一反三：类似的用法有to ones delight，令人高兴的是， to ones relief，令人欣慰的等等。 “to ones 情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，主要表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感，通常译为“令某人的是”“使某人感到的是”。9命题立意：考查非谓语动词。解析：此处为分词作状语，主语team与encourage之间是动宾关系，故选用过去分词“encouraged”。10命题立意：考查代词。解析：根据上文可知关于此事做过实验，这次是除了上次以外的另一个实验，故用another，表示“另一个”。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2016河北衡水中学测试)Alexander was a military genius or great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country that people could live in peace with one another.From 330 to 327BC., Alexander led his soldier east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.As he travel, he built more cities.He ordered soldiers, merchants, and scholars from many lands to settle here.In 326BC.Alexander turned south, into India.But by now his men were tired and weak.They were far home in an unknown land.The soldiers refused to go farther.Unwillingly, Alexander turned back.By 323BC., he reached for Babylon in presentday Iraq.There he caught the fever and died at the age of 33.His country was divided between his generals.答案：Alexander was a military genius great explorer.But he also had a great ambition.He wanted to rule a country people could live in peace with one another.From 330 to 327 BC., Alexander led his east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia.A