高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题2 完形填空 技法6 利用词法和句法结构解题讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。技法6| 利用词法和句法结构解题完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。典例1(2015全国卷)When we handed him the bag of 52.food，he lit up and thanked us with_53_eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for_54_his family might need，he burst into tears.53.A.sleepyBwateryCcuriousDsharp54A.whoeverBwhateverCwhicheverDwhenever解析：53题考查词义辨析。四个词都可以修饰eyes，但通过thanked我们可推知应是感动得眼睛湿润(watery)了，故选B。54题考查句法结构，介词for后面为宾语从句，引导词引导宾语从句且在从句中作need的宾语，应用代词whatever，故选B。典例2(2015天津高考)We finally did and it was 20.love at first sight.It was Our Home，small and charming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and _21_ of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming of _22_ it would be like to live there.21.A.prideBhappinessCchallengeDdesire22A.whichBwhyCthatDwhat解析：21题考查词义辨析。由空前的warmth and可知此空应该填与warmth并列的词且都是表积极态度的词，选项中只有happiness符合，故选B。22题考查句法结构，此空格引导介词of的宾语从句，且从句中缺少介词like的宾语，应选what，故选D。A(2016江苏高考)Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were _1_，Kurt asked me，“John，what is your _2_ for personal growth？”Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life that might _3_ for growth.I told him about the many activities in which I was _4_And I went into a _5_ about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt _6_ patiently，but then he _7_ smiled and said，“You dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”“No，” I _8_“You know，” Kurt said simply，“growth is not a(n) _9_ process.”And thats when it _10_ me.I wasnt doing anything _11_ to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the _12_：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my _13_That night，I talked to my wife about my _14_ with Kurt and what I had learned.I _15_ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We _16_ that Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale.He was offering a _17_ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.Several important things happened that day.First，we decided to _18_ the resources.But more importantly，we made a commitment to _19_ together as a couple.From that day on，we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together.It was a _20_ decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.本文是一篇记叙文。Kurt的关于人生规划的话激发了作者的思考，作者明白了成长不是一个人漫无目的地打拼，于是他选择和妻子一起成长。1A.workingBpreparingCthinkingDeatingD上文语境题。联系前文的for breakfast我们知道，作者和对方在吃(eat)早餐。work工作；prepare准备；think思考；eat吃饭。2A.suggestionBdemandCplanDrequestC下文语境题。联系下文的You dont have a personal plan for growth可知，Kurt认为作者没有自己的个人成长计划，由此可知前面是Kurt在问作者的个人成长计划(plan)。suggestion建议；demand要求；plan规划，计划；request要求。3A.appealBlookCcallDqualifyD下文语境题。根据接下来作者列举的自己参与的各种活动、付出的努力以及收获我们知道，空格处表示作者在尽力寻找对自己来说称得上(qualify for)成长的事情。appeal for吸引，呼吁；look for寻找；call for要求，需要；qualify for有权获得，有资格获得。4A.involvedBtrappedClostDbathedA下文语境题。根据下文的how hard I worked and the gains I was making可知，空格处所在句的句意是“我告诉了他我参与(be involved in)的很多活动”。be involved in参与；be trapped in困在里；be lost in迷失在；be bathed in沐浴在中。5A.lectureBspeechCdiscussionDdebateB下文语境题。根据下文的I must have talked for ten minutes可知，作者一个人在高谈阔论(go into a speech)。lecture教训；speech演讲；discussion谈论；debate辩论。6A.calculatedBlistenedCdrankDexplainedB上文语境题。根据前文的I must have talked for ten minutes可知，只有作者在说，Kurt当然是在听(listen)了。calculate计算，核算；listen听；drink喝，喝酒；explain解释。7A.eagerlyBgraduallyCgratefullyDfinallyD上文语境题。根据前文Kurt _ patiently中的patiently可知，Kurt先是耐心地听，最终(finally)笑了。eagerly急切地；gradually逐渐地；gratefully感恩地；finally最终。8A.admittedBinterruptedCapologizedDcomplainedA上下文语境题。根据前面的否定回答以及后面的I wasnt doing anything _ to make myself better.可知，作者承认(admit)了Kurt说的话。admit承认；interrupt打断；apologize道歉；complain抱怨。9A.automaticBslowCindependentDchangingA上下文语境题。根据前文的You dont have a personal plan for growth.和后文中作者的计划可知，此处是指成长不是自动(automatic)完成的事，需要有计划。automatic自动的；slow缓慢的；independent独立的；changing正在变化的。10A.confusedBinformedCpleasedDhitD下文语境题。下文的I wasnt doing anything说明了作者的惊讶，作者在那时突然意识到(hit)confuse使困惑；inform通知；please使高兴；hit使突然意识到。11A.on loanBon purposeCon saleDon balanceB上文语境题。根据前文的dont have a personal plan (没有个人规划)可知，作者从来没有特意(on purpose)做过什么事，让自己变得更优秀。on loan借出；on purpose 有意，故意；on sale上市，销售；on balance总的来说。12A.commentBannouncementCdecisionDarrangementC下文语境题。由下文的I will develop and follow a personal growth plan(我将制订一个个人成长计划并遵循)可知，这是作者的决定(decision)。comment评论；announcement宣布；decision决定；arrangement安排。13A.lifeBprogressCperformanceDinvestmentA上下文语境题。根据前文的I tried to find things in my life和下文的He was offering a _ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.可知，作者要说的是和自己的人生(life)有关的个人成长计划。life生活，人生；progress进步，进展；performance表演，表现；investment投资。14A.contractBconversationCnegotiationDargumentB上文语境题。根据前文作者和Kurt的交流可知，这里是作者告诉妻子关于自己和Kurt之间的对话(conversation)。contract合同；conversation对话；negotiation谈判；argument争辩。15A.lentBsoldCshowedDofferedC下文语境题。根据下文的Kurt was selling以及Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale可知Kurt是销售员。此处表示作者把Kurt销售的练习册和磁带给妻子看(show)。lend借给，借出；sell销售；show展示，给看；offer提供。16A.recalledBdefinedCrecognizedDdeclaredC下文语境题。下文的He was offering.to change our lives and achieve our dreams.是对此空所在句的进一步解释，也就是说我们认识到(recognize)Kurt不仅仅是在做销售。recall回想，回忆起；define给下定义，界定；recognize认识到；declare宣布。17A.toolBmethodCwayDruleC下文语境题。根据下文的作者和妻子做出的改变可知：Kurt不仅仅是在销售，也给我们提供了改变人生、实现梦想的途径(way)。tool工具；method方法，a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法；way途径，方法，a way to do/of doing sth.做某事的方法；rule规则。18A.provideBbuyCgiveDdeliverB上文语境题。根据上文的Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale可知Kurt是做销售的，我们自然是购买(buy)他的产品了。provide提供；buy买；give给；deliver递送。19A.growBsurviveCmoveDgatherA下文语境题。根据下文的While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知，作者和妻子做出承诺要共同成长(grow)。grow成长，长大；survive活下来，幸存；move移动；gather聚集。20A.difficultBrandomCfirmDwiseD下文语境题。根据下文的While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知，我们一起成长，然而有太多的夫妻逐渐疏远。这表明了我们的行动是明智的(wise)。difficult困难的；random随机的；firm坚定的；wise明智的。 【导学号：57732020】B(2016苏、锡、常、镇调研)There was a handful of common clay in the river bank.But it had _21_ thoughts of its own value, and wonderful dreams of the great place it was to _22_ in the world when the time came for its virtues to be _23_One day the clay was carried far away in a cart _24_ a stony road.But it was not _25_ , for it said to itself，“This is necessary.The path to glory is always _26_Now I am on my way to play a great part in the world.”But the hard journey was _27_， compared with the suffering after it.The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten.It seemed almost _28_But there was _29_ in the thought that something very noble was _30_ coming out of all this trouble.The clay felt sure that, if it could only wait long enough, a wonderful reward was _31_ for it.Then it was put upon a _32_ turning wheel, and turned around until it seemed as if it must fly into a thousand pieces.A strange power pressed and molded it, and through all the dizziness and pain it felt that it was taking a new _33_Then an unknown hand put it into an oven, and _34_ fires were burning about it.But the clay held itself together, in the confidence of a great future.At last the baking was finished.The clay was _35_ upon a board, in the cool air.The suffering was passed.The reward was at hand.Then the clay saw the reward of all its _36_ and paina common flowerpot, straight and ugly.It felt that it was not _37_ for a kings house, nor for a palace of art.Many days it passed in _38_But presently it was set in a greenhouse, where the sunlight fell warm upon it, and day by day as it waited, something was changing within ita new hope.Still it was _39_， not knowing what the new hope meant.But one day the clay was carried into a great church.All the people looked towards it because it carried a royal lily as white as snow, which was _40_ in its heart.Now it knew what the hope is!Then the clay was content, because, though an earthen pot, it held so great a treasure.本文是一篇记叙文。从前在河岸边有普通的黏土。但它对自己的价值却抱有很高的看法以及奇妙的梦想，认为自己的优点终将被人发现。一天，黏土被运到了遥远的地方。在付出了耐心并且经受了痛苦之后，黏土最终成了一只普普通通的花盆。自此一连数日它抑郁寡欢。然而，有一天它被带进了大教堂，所有人都向它张望，因为它怀着一颗皎白如雪的王室百合，而花的根就在它的心里。这时黏土心满意足了，因为虽然自己只是一只泥土器皿，但里面装的却是一件稀世奇珍。21A.deepBhighCblindDfreeB考查形容词。根据下文的something very noble可知，黏土对自己的价值却抱有很高的看法。high意为“高的；高尚的，崇高的”；deep意为“深的；深刻的，深厚的”；blind意为“瞎的，失明的；盲目的，视而不见的”；free意为“自由的，免费的”。22A.needBnameCknowDfillD考查动词。根据上文的the great place可知，它对自己在世界上要填补的位置具有奇妙的梦想。fill意为“填补，充满”；need意为“需要，必须”；name意为“命名，取名；提名，任命”；know意为“知道，了解”。23A.discoveredBdevelopedCpraisedDobtainedA考查动词。它认为一旦时运到来，自己的优点终将被人发现。discover意为“发现，找到”；develop意为“发展，成长，发育”；praise意为“称赞，赞扬”；obtain意为“获得，得到”。24. AinBoverCacrossDthroughB考查介词。一天，黏土被装到一辆车上，沿着一条铺着石块的路，运到遥远的地方去。over意为“在的上面；跨过，越过；从一边至的另一边”；in意为“在里面”；across意为“穿过，横跨；从一边到另一边”；through意为“穿过，通过”。25A.satisfiedBthrilledCdiscouragedDconfusedC考查形容词。根据该空后句可知，但黏土并不气馁。discouraged意为“气馁的，灰心的，沮丧的”；satisfied意为“满意的，满足的”；thrilled意为“非常兴奋的，极为激动的”；confused意为“困惑的，糊涂的”。26A.correctBnarrowCroughDstraightC考查形容词。根据上文的a stony road以及下文的the hard journey可知，它在心里想：“这完全是必要的。通往光荣的道路总是艰难崎岖的。现在我就要到世界上去完成我的重大使命。”rough意为“崎岖的，高低不平的”；correct意为“正确的，合适的”；narrow意为“狭窄的，狭小的，狭隘的”；straight意为“直的，笔直的；直率的，坦诚的”。27A.anythingBeverythingCsomethingDnothingD考查代词。这段路程非常辛苦，但比起后来所经受的痛苦却又算不上什么。nothing意为“没有什么”；anything意为“任何事物”；everything意为“所有事物”；something意为“某物，某事”。28A.unbearableBunconvincingCunavoidableDunaccustomedA考查形容词。根据上文的“The clay was put into a container and mixed and beaten.”可知，黏土被抛进一个容器里面，然后便是一番掺合、捶打。真是苦不堪言。unbearable意为“不堪忍受的，无法容忍的”；unconvincing意为“难以令人信服的，没有说服力的”；unavoidable意为“不可避免的，无法阻止的”；unaccustomed意为“不习惯的，不熟悉的”。29A.anxietyBcomfortCsympathyDdespairB考查名词。但是一想到某种崇高的事物必将从这一番痛苦中产生，也就释然了。comfort意为“安慰，慰藉”；anxiety意为“焦虑，不安”；sympathy意为“同情心，同情”；despair意为“绝望”。30A.possiblyBcertainlyCimmediatelyDeasilyB考查副词。根据下文的The clay felt sure可知，某种崇高的事物必将从这一番痛苦中产生。certainly意为“当然，肯定”；possibly意为“可能，也许”；immediately意为“立即，马上”；easily意为“容易地，简单地”。31. Ain useBin timeCin storeDin needC考查介词短语。黏土坚决相信，只要它能耐心地等待下去，总有一天它将得到重酬。in store for意为“等待着，即将发生”；in use意为“在使用中”；in time for意为“及时”；in need of意为“需要”。32. AswiftlyBsteadilyCgentlyDslowlyA考查副词。根据下文的it seemed as if it must fly into a thousand pieces可知，接着它被放到一只飞速转动着的悬盘上去，自己也跟着悬盘旋转起来，那感觉真好像自己即将被甩得粉身碎骨。swiftly意为“迅速地，飞快地”；steadily意为“稳定地，持续地”；gently意为“温柔地，轻轻地”；slowly意为“缓慢地”。33A.placeBdirectionCfunctionDformD考查名词。一种奇怪的力量把它挤压塑形，它在经历一切眩晕痛苦之后，觉得自己已经开始变成一种新的形状。form意为“形状，形式，形态”；place意为“地方，位置，名次”；direction意为“方向，指导”；function意为“功能，作用”。34A.dangerousBevilCfierceDdestructiveC考查形容词。然后一只陌生的手把它放进炉灶，周围烈火熊熊。但黏土始终十分坚强，对自己的伟大前途信心不坠。fierce意为“猛烈的，狂暴的”；dangerous意为“危险的，不安全的”；evil意为“邪恶的，罪恶的”；destructive意为“破坏性的，毁灭性的”。35A.set downBset outCset aboutDset offA考查动词短语。最后烘焙完毕。黏土被放在一块木板上面，在凉风之中慢慢冷却。一番磨难过后，报偿的日子也就不远了。set down意为“放下，搁下；写下，记下；制订，规定”；set out意为“出发，启程；开始，着手；安排，陈列”；set about意为“开始，着手”；set off意为“出发，启程；使爆炸；引发，激起”。36A.valueBpatienceCtrustDcomplaintB考查名词。根据上文的if it could only wait long enough可知，然后黏土看见了自己付出的耐心以及痛苦之后的报偿一只普普通通的花盆，线条生硬、丑陋。patience意为“耐心，容忍，忍耐”；value意为“价值，重要性”；trust意为“信任，信赖”；complaint意为“投诉，抱怨”。37A.intendedBqualifiedCallowedDpresentedA考查动词。它感觉到自己既不可能登帝王之家，也不可能入艺术之宫。intend意为“想要，打算，计划”；be intended for为固定短语，意为“为计划，为打算”。qualify意为“使有资格，使合格”；allow意为“允许，准许”；present意为“颁发，授予，呈献”。38. ApeaceBpassionCdepressionDharmonyC考查名词。根据上文的a common flowerpot，straight and ugly可知，自此一连数日它抑郁寡欢。depression意为“抑郁，沮丧，消沉”；peace意为“和平，和睦，安宁”；passion意为“强烈爱好，酷爱；热情，激情”；harmony意为“和谐，协调；融洽，和睦”。39A.consciousBoptimisticCinnocentDignorantD考查形容词。根据下文的not knowing可知，它对此仍然毫不理解，也不懂得这个希望意味着什么。ignorant意为“不知道的，不了解的；无知的，愚昧的”；conscious意为“有意识的，神志清醒的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”；innocent意为“天真的，幼稚的；无辜的，清白的”。40A.mixedBfixedCrootedDburiedC考查动词。所有人都向它张望，因为它怀着一颗皎白如雪的王室百合，而花的根就在它的心里。be rooted in为固定短语，意为“扎根于，深植于”。root意为“使生根”；mix意为“混合，掺和”；fix 意为“固定，安装，修理”；bury意为“掩埋，埋藏，埋葬”。C(2016合肥市第一次教学质量检测)After stepping out of the international plane，I realized my 10hour sleepy voyage finally came to an end.Sitting on the bus，I was waiting anxiously for it to start.A woman，sitting next to me，and her daughter both seemed _41_She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would throw up continuously；_42_，the mother had lost her _43_Apart from a significant amount of money，the purse also had her phone and a phone number of an important _44_，a person she was travelling 90 kilometers to meet for discussing a _45_ matter which had to be _46_ by tomorrow morning.I handed her my cellphone without _47_ and told her that she could make any call she wanted.I also _48_ a bottle of water I had in my bag to relieve her daughter of her _49_After making several calls，they finally _50_ to the official! They turned to look at me _51_ and thanked me many times.The woman tried to pay for my _52_，but I jumped to do it before her _53_ I knew she had lost her money.Next morning，I received a call from the mother，saying that they couldnt tell how much my _54_ act touched them.They were so _55_ that they had taken down my number to thank me.I was _56_ to be thanked in this way.I never thought my simple offer _57_ so much in her heart.And I thought of how many opportunities for _58_ we had lost by plugging into cellphones and being disconnected _59_ the reality around ussomething with easy access may make a big _60_ to others.本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在公交车上帮助一对母女渡过难关的故事告诉我们：小小的关怀和帮助有时会对别人产生很大的影响。41A.excitedBrelaxedCunconsciousDuncomfortableD根据下文的“She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would throw up continuously”和“the mother had lost her _”可知，这对母女都看起来很焦虑(uncomfortable)，故选D。42A.besidesBhoweverCthereforeDotherwiseA根据上下文语境可