高中英语 module 4 fine arts western chinese and pop artssection ⅲ grammar 动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语及动词-ing形式作主语教学案 外研版必修2

Module 4 Fine Arts Western Chinese and Pop ArtsSection Grammar 动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语及动词-ing形式作主语语法图解探究发现Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.Instead, a picture should attemptto show the “life” of its subject.We plan to buymore paintings this year.I can get tired oflooking at pictures all the time.My parents are fond of going to art galleries.She is looking forward to starting art classes at her new school.Paintingis difficult for me.Learning to paint welltakes a long time.我的发现(1)例句中的动词后接动词不定式作宾语。(2)例句中的动词短语后跟动词ing形式作宾语。(3)例句中的动词ing形式在句中作主语。一、动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语1动词ing形式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用动词ing形式作宾语：admit (承认), appreciate (欣赏), consider (考虑), mention (提及), delay (耽误), enjoy (喜欢), finish (完成), imagine (想象), miss (错过), practise (练习), resist (抵抗), risk (冒险), advise/suggest (建议), mind (介意), avoid (避免), allow (允许)Im considering going abroad for further study.我在考虑出国深造。We shouldavoid makingthe same mistake.我们应该避免犯同样的错误。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。(2)英语中有些动词短语也常跟动词ing作宾语。常见的有：be good at (擅长), be fond of (喜欢), be worth (值), devote to (致力于), feel like (想要), give up (放弃), have trouble/difficulty (in) (做某事有困难), look forward to (期望), pay attention to (注意), put off (推迟), be/get used to (习惯于), insist on (坚持)等。Im looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望着收到你的来信。He has got used to living in the countryside.他已经习惯住在乡下了。巧学妙记歌诀巧记常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：建议考虑坚持练，(suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise)允许想象弃冒险，(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱，(prevent, resist, deny, escape)不禁介意保持完，(cant help, mind, keep, finish)耽误推迟求原谅，(delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)承认错过欣喜欢。(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)2动词不定式作宾语(1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree (同意), offer (提出), intend/plan (打算，计划), demand (要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide (决定), refuse (拒绝), choose (选择), wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要), fail (不能), pretend (假装), manage (设法), determine (决心), beg (恳求，祈求), arrange (安排，准备), threaten (威胁), claim (声称), aim (以为目标), hesitate (犹豫不决)等。We agreed to meethere but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。They managed to finish the work on time.他们设法按时完成了工作。巧学妙记歌诀巧记常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。恳求安排又威胁，声称目标不犹豫。(2)“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语“疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)不定式”结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。下列动词可接“特殊疑问词不定式”作宾语：teach, remember, forget, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。He taught me how to cook.他教我如何做饭。Have you decided where to spend your holiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗？(3)it可以充当形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式，可以用于该句型的动词有：consider, make, feel, find, think等。He feels it his duty to helpothers.他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。He found it hard to learn maths well.他发现学好数学很难。即时演练1(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空He finished reading (read) the book yesterday.I promise to_do (do) everything I can to help you.As a Senior High school student, Im used to getting (get) up early.She works very hard and hopes to_go (go) to college.We must keep practising (practise) speaking English.My sister is fond of drawing (draw) while Im interested in collecting (collect) stamps.(2)完成句子The new medicine makes_it_possible_to_treat (使治疗成为可能) this terrible disease.She is busy_working (忙于工作) and keeps putting_off_going_to (推迟去) the dentist.I can tell you where_to_buy (哪里买到) this book.He is tired of doing_the_same_work (做同样的工作) every day and decides to_change_his_job (换工作)3动词ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的用法区别(1)可接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(短语)remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事stop doing sth. 停止正做的事stop to do sth. 停下来做另外一件事(此处不定式作状语)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事regret doing sth. 后悔已经做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事try to do sth. 努力做某事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on to do sth.完成一件事，接着做另一件事cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮着做某事At the amusing performance, the audiencecouldnt help laughing.看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来。Im busy studying, so I cant help(to) do the housework.我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务劳动。Remember to return the bat to me.But I remember having returned it to you.记住把球拍还给我。可是我记得已经还给你了。That would mean wasting a lot of labour.Really? I dont mean to waste any labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。是吗？我没打算浪费劳动力。(2)可接动名词和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词hate, love, like, prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。I like swimming,but I dont like to swim in this river.我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果 begin, start 等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。Tom began to learn/learninghow to use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。She was starting to do her homework.她正开始做作业。(3)need, want, require作“需要”讲，句子的主语为物，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接动词ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。The windowsneed cleaning.The windows need to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。即时演练2(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空Missing the train means waiting (wait) for another hour.After finishing her homework, my sister went on to_do (do) some housework.Try knocking (knock) at the back door and see whether he is in or not.Weve had a good start, but more work needs doing/to_be_done (do) to achieve the final success.(2)对比填空My grandfather always forgets to_take the keys but he always says that he remembers taking them. (take)She likes dancing,_but she doesnt like to_dance with him. Shed like to_dance with her boyfriend. (dance)In England Marx went on studying English. After mastering English he went on to_study Russian. (study)二、动词ing形式作主语1动词ing形式作主语时具有名词的特征，谓语动词一般用单数。Drinkinga lot of water is good for you.多喝水对你有好处。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要(花费)16个小时。2用it作形式主语，而将动词ing形式的动词或动词短语放到句末，以避免句子结构头重脚轻。常见句型有：It isno good (no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)doing . 。It is no good eating too much sweet food.吃太多的甜食没有好处。Its a waste of time sitting here without doing anything.在这儿干坐着是浪费时间。3动名词的复合结构作主语，当动名词的逻辑主语是有生命的人或物时，逻辑主语通常用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式。His returning back to work is a great help to us.他回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。名师点津动词ing形式和不定式都可以作主语，动词ing形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Playingwith fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Be careful! To play with fire will be dangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)即时演练3(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空Swimming is good for health, but to_swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health. (swim)Reading (read) English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.Its no use complaining (complain) without taking any action.Its a waste of time trying (try) to persuade such a person.(2)完成句子Taking_more_exercise can help you keep healthy.多锻炼能够有助于你保持健康。It_is_no_use_writing_to_him;_he never answers letters.给他写信是没用的，他从不回信。.单句语法填空1Its no good learning (learn) English without speaking (speak) English.2I found it difficult for me to_express (express) myself in English.3I forgot to_bring (bring) a pen. Could you lend me one?4As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to_be_repaired (repair)5Being_educated (educate) in a famous university is what most students wish for.6After he got enough information, he got down to writing (write) the report.7I regret to_say (say) that Im too busy to participate in the talk.8I find it no use advising (advise) him to go with us.9The child dont know how to solve the problem.10What made him sad?Losing (lose) his new watch.完成句子1With the help of the teacher, we succeeded_in_finishing the work.在老师的帮助下，我们成功地完成了那项工作。2They havent decided when_to_leave so far.他们到现在还没有决定什么时候离开。3Developing_a_good_habit_of_learning can help you improve your learning effectively.养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。4The flowers in your garden need watering/to_be_watered.你花园里的花需要浇水。5It_is_no_use_trying_solving the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。6You should avoid_doing silly things.你应该避免做傻事。7They found_it_difficult_to_finish the work in such a short time.他们发现在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。8I really appreciate your_taking_great_eff