项目设计外文翻译.doc

华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译（本科学生用）题 目： 可持续设施-绿色设计、施工和营运 sustainable facilities -greend esign construction and operations 学生姓名： 张瑜 学号： 080201031106 学部(系)： 城建学部艺术设计系 专业年级： 艺术设计2008级 指导教师： 李芳莉 完成日期：2012年3月16日外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者（或论文题目）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文）】项目设计 位于纳拉甘西特湾的海湾教育中心是世界上第一个不以营利为目的的教育组织，它的设计理念是让所有经济背景的儿童接受平等的教育共同享受这美丽海湾。与此同时，这个项目的核心是用教育项目来加强对各方面的健康和海岸生态系统的可持续性的意识。 为了使海湾教育中心更好的融入周围的风景，成片建筑戏剧性的面对着水分布着，南面和东面采用了开窗式建筑法，使得海湾的风景一览无余。右面是一个离地面很近的护堤。集成的地形和太阳的方位使这里非常温暖。同时，护堤，成片的水洼和绿化的屋顶的共同效应，最终减小了风暴的负面效应。防止了海湾水土的流失。 这里以前是建筑垃圾填埋场，包含许多原始材料，设计团队充分利它们将海湾设计的更紧密。这种再利用的两个例子包括：旧的混泥土板被粉粹利用做为结构性的填充物而填在新的混泥土路面下;来自普罗维登斯市中心的岗花岩边角料被开垦为户外圆形剧场的座位。土壤本身被用来填护堤，整个护堤被盖上了从海湾外起来的泥土。这样垃圾填埋场的负面影响已修复了。 在项目开始不久，设计团队和业主几乎都不了解这块地，所以最初的设计前的工作要集中在了解这个资产，同时挑战也显现出来了。最显着的问题是建筑铺面的范围，重新使用这块地的所有环保局的要求和在地表下面的甲烷。初步分析，催生了一些创造性的方法来解决棘手的问题。最初，设计团队希望利用沼气作为一个机械系统的燃料来源，很不幸运的是在最后的分析，现有的数量是不够的。设计师们利用它提供残疾人法案（ada）的美国人访问沼泽湿地修复区。因此，残疾学生能够获得第一手的盐沼湿地栖息地的知识。 在通过设计阶段的过程中，一层楼结构和两层楼结构都被分析讨论。最终是在创建一个分散重量分布还是外观体积最小的建筑之间权衡。最终，地貌和土壤承载能力限制了只能使用一层楼建筑。这样的组合出来了，然而为了创造出一个与当地紧密相连的非营利的设施。这种联系最终被讨论出为十四个出口。 大楼南面的屋顶有一组能产生20kw的太阳能电池板，这些电能为大楼提供全年的照明用电。拯救这片海湾是与他人一起合作创建一个风车发电站。放眼未来，燃气机械系统是能够被换成生物燃料或其他可再生燃料。 反复的利用doe-2模型，使建筑物的围护结构和系统进行了优化，提高了能源的利用率和最大限度地减少了污染。升级后的围护结构，高性能玻璃化，高效率的照明和控制，燃气热水器/冷却器机械系统工作预计减少73的峰值能量负荷，和机械系统相比减少了65的一氧化氮和68%的一氧化硫排放。二氧化碳排放量减少了51。源总能量减少了47。project designthe bay education center, the first nonprofit educational facility located on narragansett bay, was conceived as a project that allows children of all economic backgrounds equally have access to the beauty and enjoyment of the bay. at the same time, the centers core objective is to combine that access with an educational program to heighten awareness in all of the issues that affect the health and sustainability of this important coastal ecosystem.in an effort to integrate the center into the surrounding landscape as much as possible, the form of the building opens up dramatically toward the water with the bulk of the fenestration on the south and east facades where views of the bay pre-dominate. the north facade is bermed into the earth and held close to the ground.this integration of landscaping and solar orientation results in a snug, yet fully day lit building in which all occupied spaces have a view out to the bay. at the same time, the collective effect of the bermed facade, a series of connected swales, and a green roof essentially eliminates the negative effects of storm water runoff on the bay by minimizing the amount of impervious surface.the site, which was previously a landfill for construction debris, contained a number of raw materials that were mined as part of the design teams strategy to be resourceful and keep costs contained. two examples of this reuse include: old concrete slabs that were crushed and utilized as structural fill below the new slab; and old granite curbing from downtown providence that was reclaimed as seating for the out-door amphitheater. the soil itself was repurposed as fill for the earthen berm and the entire site was capped with dredged material from the bay, once the negative effects of the landfill had been remediated.at the outset of the project, the design team and the owners had little information on the site so the initial predesigned work focused on understanding its assets, as well as the challenges it would present. the most notable issues were the scope of the revetment construction, the full epa requirements for remediating the site, and the subsurface methane. this preliminary analysis spawned a number of creative approaches to solve difficult issues. initially, the design team hoped to utilize the methane gas as a supple-mental fuel source for the mechanical system. un-fortunately, in the final analysis, the quantities present were not sufficient. in relation to the revetment, the designers were able to use it to provide americans with disabilities act (ada) access down to the marsh restoration area. as a result, handicapped students can gain firsthand knowledge of the salt marsh habitat.as the project moved through the design phase, both one- and two- story schemes were analyzed to address the trade- offs between creating a building with dispersed weight distribution versus one that minimized the exterior volume. ultimately, the landform and soil- bearing capacity mandated a one-story building. the combination of that layout, how-ever, with the revetment, allowed for the creation of a barrier- free facility with a strong connection to the site. this connection was further augmented by the creation of 14 exits at grade.the building has a 20- kw photovoltaic array on the south roof that produces an equal percent of electricity annually as is consumed by the buildings lighting system for the entire year. in addition，save the bay is working to partner with others to construct a wind turbine on the site. with an eye toward the future, the gas-fired mechanical system is able to shift to bio-fuel or other renewable fuels.utilizing power doe- 2 modeling in an iterative process, the buildings envelope and systems were optimized for energy efficiency and minimization of pollution contributions. the upgraded building envelope, high- performance glazing, high- efficiency lighting and controls, and gas- fired heater/chiller mechanical system work to reduce the peak energy load by a projected 73 percent while producing 65 perc