2012年12月最新大学英语四级（cet-4）阅读冲刺独家资料.doc

大学英语四级阅读冲刺独家资料黄涛Part IV深度阅读(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)选词填空做题步骤和技巧：1羞15仝望词， ” .,.,.,.,.,.一 O 2回到压文，边读边做题， ， 。 3选词依据是_ 。4注意一致性：_ 。5不选望词的特点 。SectionA : .Questions 47 t0 56 are based on the following:passage. . . Someyears ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travelthrough Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 47 to know myway around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 48 to a littlecollege French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 49 unfamiliar with localgeography or transportation systems, set up 50 and do research? It seemed impossible, andwith considerable(相当大的) si i sat down to write a letter begging off(请求不去).Halfway through, a thought ran through(掠过) my mind: you cant leam if you dont try. So Iaccepted the assignment. There were some bad 52 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experiencedtraveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places,without guides or even 53 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54 . But each time you trysomething, you leam, and as the leaming piles up, the world opens to you. Ive learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55 . And I know III go ondoing such things. Its not because I am braver or more daring than others. I am not. But Illaccept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56 wonders. A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloonD) claim E) constantly F) declareG) interviews H) limited I) manufactureJ) moments K) news L) reducedM) regret N) scary O) totally四级快速阅读方法：1先看题干，然后找出信号词，2按段阅读，按段做题，快速查找出题的句子，并理解句义；、3回到题目，挑出正确答案。Partll Reading Comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15 minutes) . Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage qaickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet l. For questions l-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked-A); B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage. Super-size surprise Ask anyone why there is an obesity -epidemic and they will tell you that its all down to eatingtoo much and burning too few calories. T.hat explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. Yet obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with it. Many now believe that something else must have changed inour environment to precipitate(促成) such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. (DEarlier this year a review paper by 20 0besity experts set out the 7 most plausiblealtematiye explanations for the epidemic. Here they are; 1. Not enough sleep It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye alsobe helping to make us fat? Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours anight tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more; according to datagathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Similarly,.the USNurses Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in tum gained more than those who slept 7. Its well known that obesity impairs sleepi so perhaps people get fat first and sleep lessafterwards. But the nurses study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep lossmay precipitate weight gain. Although getting figures is difficult, it appears that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 peoplein the US slept tm average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundationsuggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored roy the increasein obesity.2. Climate control We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core -body temperatures pretty muchconstant regardless o.f what:s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic(新 E4-4-k新的) rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energyunless we are in the thermo-neutral zone, which is increasingly where we choose to live andworK There is no denying that ambient temperatures温度） have changed in the past fewdecades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C t0 18C.In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homeswith air conditionings rose from 23% t0 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southem states -where obesity rates tend to be highest - the number of houses with air conditioning has shot upt0 71% from 37% in 1978. Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to ourweight? Sadly, there is some evidence that it does-at least with regard to heating.Studies show thatin comfortable temperatures we use less energy.3. Less smoking Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really doespack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the factthatnicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to speed up your metabolic rate. Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville,Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small butsignificant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the USNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,they worked out that.people who hadquit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and peoplewho had never smoked . Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweightcompared with 37% ofnon-smokers and only 28%of smokers.4. Genetic effects Your chances of becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you were even bom. Childrenof obese mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life. Offspring ofmice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspringofidentical mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly, the effect persists for two or three generations.Grand-children of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fednormally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.5. A little older. Some groups of people just happen to be fatter than others. Surveys carried out by the USNational Center for Health Statistics found that adults aged 40 t0 79 were around three times aslikely to be obese as younger people.Non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end ofthe spectrum: Mexican-American women are 30% more likely than white women to be obese,and black women have twice the risk. In the US, these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population. Between 1970and 2000 the US population aged 35 t0 44 grew by 43%. The proportion of Hispanic-AWericansgrew from under 5% t0 12.5% of the population, while the proportion of black Americansincreased from 11% t0 12.3%. These changes may account for the increased prevalence ofobesity.6. Mature mums : Mothers around the world are getting older. In the UK, the mean age for having a first child is27.3, compared with 23.7 in 1970 . Mean age at first birth in the US has also increased, risingfrom 21.4 in 1970 t0 24.9 in 2000. This would be neither here nor there if it werent for the observation that having an oldermother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US National Heart,Lung and Blood Institutes study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% forevery five exW years of their mothers age,though why this shquld be so is not eptirelyclear. Michael Symonds at the university of Nottingham, UK, found that first-bom children havemore fat than younger ones.As family size decreases, firstboms account for a greater shareof the population. In 1964, British women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children; by 2005 thatfigure had fallen t0 1.79. in the US in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one child; in2004 it was 17.4%. This combination of older mothers and more single children could becontributing to the obesity epidemic.7. Like marrying like Just as people pair off accordjng to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more likely tomarry lean and fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account forany increase in -obesity.But combined with others-particularly the fact that obesity ispartly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifies the increase formother causes.1. What is the passage mainly about? A) Effects of obesity on peoples health B) The link between lifestyle and obesity C) New explanations for the obesity epidemic D) Possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic2. In the US Nurses Health Study, women who slept an average of 7 hours a night _ A) gained the least weight B) were inclined to eat less C) found their vigor enhanced D) were less susceptible to illness 3. The popular belief about obesity is that _ A) it makes us sleepy B) it causes sleep loss C) it increases our appetite D) it results from lack of sleep4. How does indoor heating affect our life? . A) It makes us stay indoors more B) It accelerates our metabolic rate C) It makes us feel more energetic D) It contributes to our weight gain 5. What does the author say about the effect of nicotine on smokers? A) It threatens their. health B) It heightens their spirits C) It suppresses their appetite D) It slows down their metabolism6. Who are.most likely to be overweight according to Katherine Flegals study? A) heavy smokers B) passive smokers C) those who never smoke D) those who quit smoking 7. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, the increased obesity in the US is a result of A) the growing number of smokers among young people B) the rising proportion ofminorities(少数民族) in its population C) the increasing consumption of high-calorie foods D) the improving living standards ofthe poor people . 8. According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why older mothers children tend to be obese remains _9. According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of10. When two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is _ .Section BPassage OneQuestions 57 t0 61 are based on the following passage. Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website youvevisited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cellphone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.园 In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watchyou without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl-friend, a marketing company, a boss, acop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the21st century equivalent ofbeing caught naked.园 Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that its important to reveal yourselfto friends,family and lovers at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you areand what you like.圈 In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is no.When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. Asurvey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents sayingthey feel their privacy is slipping away, and that bothers me. 园 But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change anybehaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people tum down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turndown supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of teststhat reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to gettheir hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷) I园 But privacy does matter - at least sometimes. Its like health: When you have it, you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it. 57. What does the author mean by saying .the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked (Lines 3-4, Para.2)? A Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B In the 21st century people try every means to look into others secrets. C People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. 58. Whatiwould psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A Friends should open their hearts to each other. B Friends should always be faithful to each other. C There should be a distance even between friends. D There should be fewer disputes between friends. 59. Why does the author say we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret (Line 5,para.3) A Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. BJ People leave traces around when using modern technology. : C There are always people who are curious about others affairs. . D Many search engines profit by revealing peoples identities.60. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? A They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. B They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C They rely most and more on electronic devices. D They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.61. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that A people will make every effort to keep it. B its importance is rarely understood C it is something that can easily be lost D people dont cherish it until they lose it. .Passage TwoQuestions 62 t0 66 are based on the following passage. No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late(已故的)Duchess of Windsor embodies(体现) much of the odd spirit of our times.囵 Being thin isdeemed as such a virtue . The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself havefantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes.囤 Consequently I have been on a diet for thebetter -or worse -part of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happenunless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land leaving me millions of dollars. Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing(不 pA引人)， if not repellent(it厌 ftj.).团 All religions have certain days whenpeople refrain from (抑制住)eating, and excessive(过度的) eating is one of Christianitys.sevendeadly sins. However, until quite recently most.people had a problem getting enough to eat. Insome religious groups, wealth was symbol of probable salvation(拯救) and high morals, andfatness a sign of wealth and well-being(健康). Today the opposite is true.- We have shifted to thinness as our new mark ofvirtue. The result isthat being fat -or even only somewhat overweight -1固 is bad because it implies a lack ofmoral strength . I .; l .国 Our obsession with thinness is;calso.fuelled by health concems. It is true that in thiscountry we have more overweight people than ever before, and that in many cases being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way oflife and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem - too much fat and a lack of fiber(纤维) - than a weight problem. The real concern then is not that we weigh too much but that we neither exercise enough noreat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced dietwithout a lot of fat can also h