《英语语法大全》PPT课件.pptVIP

破解新课程学科教学中的典型问题，深度研讨学科难题 宁波效实中学 周胜敏 2009-7-24 高中英语语法课教学疑难问题剖析 一、语法教学的现状-体验 二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念 三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践 一、语法教学的现状-体验 （一）语法教学的收获和困惑 分享： 1.你通常是如何组织语法教学的？ 2.你在语法教学实践中最成功的案例是什么？ 3.你在语法教学中最大的困难或困惑是什么？ 一、语法教学的现状-体验 （二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析 误区一、走过头淡化语法 片面理解交际法理论：只要交际双方能沟通和交流， 语言形式和语法运用的对错无关紧要。 片面理解二语习得理论：语法要靠学生去习得，去领 悟，不用专门讲。 片面理解新课程：语法隐形，功能为纲 一、语法教学的现状-体验 （二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析 误区二、走老路强化语法 1.讲-练-考-讲-练-考-讲 2.专题讲 3.中文讲 一、语法教学的现状-体验 （二）语法教学中的误区及原因分析 原因分析： 1.新课程教材中对语法项目的编排顺序不像以前教材中的语 法项目那样有顺序性、系统性和针对性。 2.受考试制度和学校的升学压力的牵制，习惯于用传统教法 上新教材，不敢尝试，违背了教材编写的初衷。 3.没有领会新课程的理念。 4.学生习惯了坐在教室里被动地接受教师传授语言点。 二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念 （一）什么是语法？ (二) 新课程中到底要不要教语法？ （三）新课程中语法教什么？怎么教？ 二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念 What is grammar？ “Grammar is the business of taking a language to pieces, to see how it works.” -David Crystal Grammar is a field of linguistics that involves all the various things that make up the rules of language. Subfields of linguistics that are considered a part of grammar include syntax, phonetics, morphology, and semantics. English grammar is the science which treats the nature of words, their forms, and their uses and relations in the sentence. Grammar is rules for forming words and combining them into sentences. 二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念 (二) 新课程中到底要不要教语法？ 课程标准提出 “此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语 课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际 语言运用能力的培养的倾向” Think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map. 语法在整个外语教学中的地位和作用问题，已经不是语法该不 该教的问题，而是教什么和怎么教的问题” (束定芳，1996) 二、新课程对语法教学的要求和期望-理念 （三）新课程中语法教什么？怎么教？ 课程标准在语言知识目标中对语法的描述 七级： 1掌握描述时间、地点、方位的常用表达方式； 2理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的常用表达方式； 3使用适当的语言形式描述事物，简单地表达观点、态度、情感等； 4掌握语篇中基本的衔接和连贯手段，并根据特定目的有效地组织信息。 八级：1进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式； 2进一步理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式； 3使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度、情感等； 4学习、掌握基本语篇的篇章结构和逻辑关系。 附录二、语法项目表 “说明：高中阶段的语法教学，应从语言运用的角 度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，要引导学生在语境中 了解个掌握语法的表意功能” 语法的三个维度：形式(form)意义(meaning)和用法(use) 三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践 课例一、learning about language M4 U1 Women of achievement 思考： 1.该教学设计体现了新课程语法教学的哪些理念？ 2.该教学设计中有哪些方面还不符合新课程要求？ 如何改进？ Unit 1 Women of achievement Learning about language discover useful words and expressions meaning. formation antonym useful structures “Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装 集合名词（collective nouns） 的主谓一致 an observer/researcher/protector of chimps a student of African wildlife, What Jane Goodall has achieved: Since her childhood Jane has wanted to work with animals in their own environment. She has spent years observing and recording daily activities of chimps. Janes research has showed the connections between chimps and human beings, helping people understand how much chimps behave like humans. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behavior, but now people realize the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. What Jane Goodall has achieved: For forty years Jane has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy and hard life, but all her efforts are worthwhile. What Jane Goodall has achieved: Jane has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctors degree, founding the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. She is a woman of achievement and inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. Word meaning Fill in the form with the proper words from boldfaced words 1. childhood the period of time when someone is a child 2. bond close connection that people have with each other 3. outspoken giving opinions openly and honestly 4. observe to see and notice, watch carefully 5. achievement thing done successfully, esp. with effort and skill 6. institute organization with a special purpose, esp. for research or teaching typical use: complete the sentence with proper word 1. Sweet memories of her _ crowded into Janes mind. 2. Janes discovery of chimps lifestyle was a great _. 3. Common interests in wildlife form a _between the two researchers. 4. Jane is an_woman who is never afraid of telling truth. 5. It is a new _Jane built to help people learn more about chimps. childhood bond outspoken achievement institute verbnounmore examples of noun suffixes(后缀缀) achieveachievement argueargument advertiseadvertisement connectconnection permitpermission inspireinspiration observeobservation specializespecialization / specialist behavebehaviour entertainment/ settlement/ movement/agreement invitation/admiration/ presentation/combination protection/competition/devotion +ation: modernization +ist: tourist Word formation: verb-noun +ment: +ion: +ation: How Jane has changed the way people think of chimps and her work: antonyma word of opposite meaning 1. At first, local African people ignored the chimps living around them, but now many of them volunteer to help Jane_ chimps. 2. Jane gave up the comforts of life to study the chimps. While many people think it is not worth it, she herself thinks it is_. 3. The Tanzanian government agreed to set up a research center after Jane had _for the rights of the chimps. She said, “The least I can do is speak out for those who cannot speak for themselves.” 4. Many people look down upon those who work with animals. However, Jane Goodall today is a celebrity(名人) almost everyone_. Replace the underlined word with its antonym. observe worthwhile argued respects How people support Jane : 1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Only if we understand can we care. Only if we care will we help. Only if we help shall they be saved. “Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装 只有这样，我们才能学好英语。 Only in this way_. 到那时我才意识到我的错误。 Only then_. 但Only+主语时不倒装 只有你了解我。Only _ did I realize my mistakes can we learn English better you understand me. 2. Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit chimps in the forest. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty. How people support Jane: 集合名词（collective nouns）class, family, team, police, government, crowd, audience, public, college, school 等作 主语时，强调整体时是单数，指个体成员时是复数。 nHis family is a great one. nHis family are music lovers. Fill each blank with the proper form of the given verb. 1. Janes family _(be) a sweet one but at first, the family _ (be) against her decision to go to Africa except her mother. 2. The local research team _(be) made up of 2 members. And the team _ (follow) chimps together seven days a week. 3. Wherever Jane makes a speech, people crowd in and usually a big crowd _(gather) before Jane appears. In Hongkong University in 2006, the audience_ (be) no less than five thousand. After listening to Janes story, the audience _(be) all moved. 4. Thanks to Janes research, the public now_ (have) the awareness that chimps hunt and eat meat and that they can do something to protect the wild animals. 5. The government _(hold) different opinions about Janes suggestion of setting up a research center for chimps. iswere is follow gathers was were have hold What we have learned: what Jane has achieved how people support her talk about discover useful words and expressions meaning. formation antonym useful structures “Only+状语”位于句首+部分倒装 集合名词（collective nouns）作主语时， 指整体时是单数，指成员时是复数。 Free talk: in my eye using as many text words and structures as possible: childhood, bond , achievement, worthwhile, outspoken, lead alife, behave, argue, respect, support, observe, specialize, inspire only+状语， 集合名词主谓一致 talking about : why you admire him/her, how he/she inspires you Apply what we have learned Homework: finish the exercises in the handout and on P42 observe v. 1. vi. to act in accordance with 遵守，顺从 我们必须遵守交通规则。 We must _ 3. vt. to hold or celebrate 举行（仪式等），庆祝（节日等） 你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？ Do you _in your country? observe the traffic rules. observe Christmas Day observed that worthwhile (adj.可作定语和表语) 1. Its a worthwhile job.=The job is worthwhile. It is worthwhile to do the job.=Its worthwhile doing the job. =The job is worth doing. 2. We had a long wait, but it was _ because we got the tickets. 3. The smile on her face made it all _. 4. It didnt seem worthwhile _(write) it all out again. 5. It might be _ to reconsider your attitude to the new policy. to write/ writing worthwhile worthwhile worthwhile 1. argue (vi.) +with sb. about/over sth.同某人辩论某事 They are_ with each other _the solution to the problem. 3. argue (vt.) +n./clause(从句) 我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。 We _we should be paid more. 4. argue (vt.) +sb. into/out of doing sth(说服) We_ her_ joining us. 2. argue (vi) for/against 为、为反对而辩论 The workers _the right to strike. Some people _free trade. argue v. arguing about argued for argue against/ for argued that argued into 三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践 课例一的分析与反思 三、新课程要求的语法教学模式探讨-实践 1. 语法教学并不仅仅局限于狭义的语法的范畴内，而是从 语用角度出发，与逻辑思维、篇章语境、情感、文化相 联系，做到主题化、情景化。 2. 教