2016年职称英语考试综合类A级新增文章汇总必考内容全面掌握.pdf

20162016 年职称英语考试综合类 年职称英语考试综合类 a a 级新增文章汇总 级新增文章汇总 必须重点掌握必须重点掌握 +第十四篇 +第十四篇 primer on smellprimer on smell in addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us? smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says randall reed, a johns hopkins university professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. _1_ “whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says reed. even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “its a great alert,” offers donald leopold, a doctor at johns hopkins. for example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it. with just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. lets say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. _2_ now lets imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. you wouldnt need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. you would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor. compared with3 animals, how well do people detect smelts? that depends on what you mean by “how well”. we are low on receptor cells ： current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many as a mouse. _3_ reed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “you can hardly find the olfactory bulb in a human brain its a pea-sized object. in a mouse, its a little bigger. its bean-sized in a rat, about the size of your little finger in a rabbit, and the size of your thumb in a bloodhound.” does that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute? not exactly. while we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptors we do have are as sensitive as those of any animal. _4_ a trained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. reed says that a perfume expert can sniff a modem scent that has a hundred different odorants in it, go into the lab, and list the ingredients. “in a modest amount of time, he comes back with what to you or me would smell like a perfect imitation of that perfume. its amazing.” what happens to4 our sense of smell as we age? many people continue to have good olfactory function as they get older. _5_ leopold says that smell is generally highest in childhood, stays the same from the teens through the 50s, and drops starting at about 60 for women and 65 for men. “the average 80-year-old is only able to smell things half as well as the average 20-year-old,” says leopold. 词汇：词汇： scent /sent/ n. 气味，香味 petunia /ptju:ni/ n. 喇叭花 olfactory /lfkt()ri/ adj. 嗔觉的，味道的 sniff /snif/ v. 嗅，闻，用力吸 注释：注释： 1. bring out：使显出，使变得明显 2. warn of：发出关于的警告。warn sb. of sth.：警告某人某事 3. compare with：与相比 4. happen to：发生于，发生在 练习：练习： a these flowers have a rich spiciness that no other petunia has. b odors, or smells, can warn us about trouble. c thats not the rule, however. d and smell tells us about people. e we can also think, and we make conscious (and successful) efforts to tell the difference between one smell and another. f a rat has some 10 million, a rabbit 20 million, and a bloodhound 100 million. 答案与题解：答案与题解： 1. d 根据后文提到的“我们能够根据气味收集到有关人的很多信息”可以推 断此处答案是 d 选项。