英语定语从句全面的定语从句讲解和练习好课件北师大版全册.ppt

Unit 4 GrammarUnit 4 Grammar The Attributive Clause (定语从句） 在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定 语从句。定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语” 的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；被修饰 的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导词， 定语从句通常放在先行词的后面 1.定语从句的概念 The woman who lives next door is a teacher. The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 2.引导词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which 关系副词 when, where, why 要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理解透“关系词”具 有的三种功能： (1)引导一个定语从句。(在定语从句开头) (2)替代“先行词”。（省去从句中对应的 he/she/it/they/him/her/them/） (3)在定语从句中充当成分。(作主语/宾语/定语/状语） 关系代词: 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 who (whom)I The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 3.用法 The man who my brother likes most is Yao Ming 2. whom指人,作宾语 The man whom I talked to just now is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li. The man whom my mother saw in the street is my teacher. 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 These are the trees which were planted last year. The radio （which） he is using is made in Japan. 用法 that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） A plane is a machine that can fly. 用法 Reader is the magazine that I like most. The girl that I met is Lucy. The girl that is standing there is Mary. whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which (the) 互换使用。 This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. 用法 Sum up(小结 ） 主语宾语定语状语 指人 who that whom that who whose 指物 which that which that whose 关系词的作用 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. 先行词和关系词的关系 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. 关系代词的实质 the machine a machine Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. 关系代词的实质 a machine that /which 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl 关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary. I met the boy. He can speak English I met the boy who/that can speak English. Have a tryHave a try John is the boy. You wrote to him. John is the boy whom/who/that you wrote to. He is the manager. His car broke down He is the manager whose car broke down. He works in the shop The shop sells books. He works in the shop that/which sells books. This is the book. Im looking for the book. This is the book that/which Im looking for. Mary lives in the room. Its window faces South. Mary lives in the room whose window faces South. 定语从句高考点例析定语从句高考点例析 考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything ，anything， nothing ， all ， much ， little。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用 that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich 3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时， 用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and the persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时， 需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read. This is the very book that belongs to (属于）him. (1) 先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything, all, much , little 等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被all, much , little,every, some, no, any, 等 修饰时。 (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 小结：that与which的区别 (5) 先行词同时指人和指物 They talked about the things and the persons that they saw . 考点二：连接词考点二：连接词whichwhich的用法的用法 Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也 可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 考点三：考点三：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. Go on Please!Go on Please! 3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as， 反之则用which。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected(期望）. She has married again, which was unexpected. Go on please!Go on please! 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被 动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等 。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which作主语，但不能放在句子开头。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. TipsAs 句子开头（As we all know,.) 词组搭配suchas/the same as 上下文意思一致 被动结构 Which(句中/上下文意思不一致） Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday._ 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? _ 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. _ 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. _ which_ to the it Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 5. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. _ 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. _ 7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. _ 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend. _in _ who _ (that/which) whose _ 注：the way in which that Tips 1. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which;that B. that;which C. which;which D. that;that 2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons _ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that 3. I have bought such a watch_ was advertised( 登广告）on TV. A. that B. as C. which D. it 4. The president made a speech _ he expressed his satisfaction. A. which B. that C. in which D. in that 5. I know the girl_ mother is a friend of mine. A. whose B. who C. which D. of whom 巩固练习题 D D B C A 巩固练习题 6. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. A. what B. which C. in which D. at which 7. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to 8. The paper _ they are looking at was made hundreds of years ago. A. of which B. what C. / D. whose 9. The professor _ gave us a talk last week has gone to America. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 10. Do you know the old lady _ son is studying in America? A. her B. who C. whose D. whom B A C A C 高考直通题 2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B.its C.whose D.which (上海2000) C 3.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally （个人地） I doubt(怀疑）very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which （NMET1999) D 4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role(角色）in the play, _of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C.this D.what （NMET2000) B A 5.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true. A.he B. this C.which D.who (NMET2001) C 1._ is mentioned(提及）above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing（增长）. A. As B. Which C.That D.It (上海1999) Exercises(GrammarExercises(Grammar) ) 1.Textbook Page 26&28 2.Workbook Page 105, Ex.1 Page 105,Grammar Ex. 2Page 105,Grammar Ex. 2 Combine the following pairs of sentences, using who /that /which/. 确准先行词，明确其在定语从句中所作的成份，确定关系代词 例句The road was destroyed in the earthquake. It has now been built stronger. 确准先行词 The road which(that) has now been built stronger was destroyed in the earthquake. I really like travelling. I like beautiful places. I really like travelling (to the places).The places are beautiful. I really like travelling to the places that(which) are beautiful. Homework:Homework: 1) WB P105 Grammar Ex.2 2) Finish off the exercises in P27 Grammar Ex.2(in the book) Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 9.That is the last place when I want to go to. _ *10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. _ *11. We heard the news which our team won the game. _ *12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. _ _ that _ that (同位语 e.g. the fact that ） _ why （定语从句中缺原因状语） it (并列句） _ Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. _ *14. That was the reason because she looked old. _ *15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. _ *16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. _as who _ _ _ gives why （定语从句中缺原因状语 ） Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 17. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently. _ 18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. _ 19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. _ 20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. _ that _ _ has As that _ _ Correct the sentences:Correct the sentences: 21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. _ *22. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. _ *23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. _ 24. The bike by which I travelled was his. _ *25.Which is the book which she wants to borrow? _ as _that _on _ when （定语从句中缺时间状语 ） that_ Translation 1.我认识站在那边的那个男人。 I know the man who(that) is standing over