小学英语阅读解题技巧.doc

小学英语阅读解题技巧 阅读理解是综合读者各方面知识的过程，要想快捷、准确地理解所阅读的语篇，考生要明确阅读目的提高阅读层次和技能，加强理解过程的训练，学习中要注意运用5种技巧，提高自己解答阅读理解题的能力。摒弃6大不良阅读习惯 可以对照自己是否有以下影响阅读效率的不良习惯。 1.读得非常慢，非常仔细，不相信自己能全部理解所读的东西。 2.阅读时嘴唇和舌头在动。 3.头随着文字符号的位置左右移动。 4.经常回读，读过的东西又重新读一遍、甚至几遍。 5.读什么样体裁的文章都用一样的速度。 6.有很多单词不认识，或不知道它在此处的含义。 如果对上述的问题回答多数是肯定的，那你确实需要提高阅读技能。如果只有一两项回答是肯定的，那你就需要针对这一两种不良习惯寻找有效的解决方法。 实际解题中，不能盲目地应用快读“技巧”，而要根据不同情况调整阅读速度。如对场景、人物性格、人物心理刻画要细读。扩大词汇量 有限的词汇量必然影响阅读能力的提高。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来，并易于被记住、理解和掌握。换句话说，是上下文给一个词以特定的含义，而这个特定的含义有时是字典无法提供的。 不少教师鼓励学生背句子、段落、整篇文章，都是出于要学生在上下文中理解并掌握词汇和短语。带着6个问题阅读建议带着下列6个问题阅读： 1.作者要表达的主要思想。 2.文章的主要内容和次要内容，并能把他们区分开来。 3.了解并记住文章中最重要的内容。 4.文章结构及事件发生的时间、空间顺序。 5.作者的观点、意图、写作风格及其偏见等。 6.用自己的阅历和知识对文章进行分析、评价。 读完一篇文章后，想一想上述所列出的6项阅读问题，你能把握几项。阅读是一个判断、推理、归纳、总结的过程，我们需要把分散于文章中的各种信息联系起来，经过必要的判断、推理，得出自己对文章的认识。遇到生词要会猜 阅读中遇到生词，最好的方法是通过上下文猜测。以下几条建议可帮助你猜测词义： 1.看看上下文中有没有生词的另一种说法，即找同义词。有时下文会对一个词做解释，或者提供一些暗示。 2.看词性，判断其是名词、动词、形容词、副词或其他词类。 3.分析生词的构成，尤其是词的前缀和后缀。英语中很多词都是加前缀和后缀而来的。比如根据前缀re-和后缀-ity的含义，你就可以准确地猜出rewrite和similarity的意思。 4.看看同一生词是否在上下文的其他地方出现，把两处的语境相比较，也许更能准确地猜出词义。 5.充分利用你阅读内容中已有的知识。利用文中所附的插图等直观线索猜测词义推论出文中隐含意思 作者往往不直接说出文章的意思，而是含蓄地表达。阅读文学作品经常需要推论。有时一句话的含义需要推论，有时整个文章的含义需要推论。以下几条建议可以帮助你推论： 1.结合作者的思想、观点及其创作目的、创作背景进行推论。 2.寻找作者直接陈述的诸多事件之间的联系。 3.仔细体会一些重要词的含蓄意义及其感情色彩。比如politician和statesman的意思都是“政客家”，但前者有贬义的色彩，即“政客”，后者则没有。 4.从作者的语气、语调、措辞等文体特征，读出作者的“言外之意”。 5.得出推论后，尽量从上下文中寻找证据。 充分利用自己各方面的知识，把文章中所述的事件和自己的阅历或熟悉的事情联系起来思考。例题 Sun: Hello, Im the sun. Im strong. I give light to the earth. Im No.1. Moon: Hello, Im the moon. At night Give light to the earth. Im stronger. Im No.1 Sun: Your light is from me, isnt it? Cloud: Dont quarrel. When I am over the earth, you cant give light to the earth. So everyone has his strong point. We are one family. Sun Moon: Yes, youre right. We are one family. We should help each other and take care of each other.根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)( )1. The sun gives light to the earth at night.( )2.The moon gives light to the earth at night.( )3. The suns light is not from the earth.( )4. When the cloud is over the earth, the sun can give light to the earth, too.( )5. They should help each other. 评析: 第1题根据SUN所陈述的内容可以得出结论,此题目是错误的.即使不从文章中找，根据常识我们都知道太阳总是在白天出现,它只能在白天给我们带来光芒.第2题月亮在晚上带给我们光亮，这个题目是正确的，根据MOON所述的内容。第3题太阳的光芒不是从地球上获得的. The sun gives light to the earth.第4题根据CLOUD 陈述内容判断此题目为错误的,第5题根据最后三人得出的结论,此题目是正确的.答案: F T T F T.做题技巧:阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。 1.故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。 这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决，如Write a Letter to Mary, A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等 .2小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring Festival .等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显，从文中都能找到答案。训练一.根据短文内容选择答案.1 Sam is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes them with water only. He does not use soap(肥皂).Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know what you ate for breakfast this morning.”“What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says.“Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”“You are wrong, uncle!” says Sam, “Not today or yesterday, but the day before yesterday (前天)!”( )(1).Who is Sam? A. He is English. B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher.( )(2) Whats the Chinese for “dirty”? A. Its “脏的“. B Its “干净的” C Its “坏的 “ D Its “好的”( )(3) Whats on Sams face and mouth? A Eggs. B Soap C Water D Bread( )(4) Which of these is not wrong? A Sam doesnt wash his face and hands every day. B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning. C Sam doesnt like eggs at all. D. Sam doesnt know his uncle.2 Hen(母鸡): There is some rice here. Eat it like this, my children. Chickens: Like this, Mother? Hen: Yes, thats right, good. Eagle(鹰): There are some chickens here. I want to eat them. Hen: Dont worry, my children. Let me do with it. Eagle: Can you let me eat some chickens, Mrs. Hen? Hen: No, you cant. There is a hunter(猎人)near here. Eagle: I must go now. Hen: Lets go home, my children. Chickens: All right.( ) (1) The chicken likes to eat the _. A hen B rice C chicken D his children( ) (2) The hen _look after her children. A can B cant C is D isnt( ) (3)_saves the chickens. A hunter. B The hen C The eagle D A man( ) (4)The eagle cant eat_ at last. A chickens B go. C the hunter D the hen3.阅读理解 Miss Lee is only twenty-one. She is tall and thin, and she has brown, long hair. She likes children and her teaching work. From Monday to Friday she stays at school and gives the children classes. She has much work to do, but she often plays games with her students after school. The children like her very much. On Sunday she drives her car to her fathers house and stays with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes to see her friends on Sunday. She drives back to school on Monday morning. She likes singing , dancing and swimming. Shes a nice teacher .根据短文的意思，选择正确的答案。( )1. Miss Lee is a _ teacher . A. very good B. very old C. good English D. good Chinese ( )2. Which is right ? _ A. She has no work to do after plays with the children .B. She plays with the children from Monday to Friday . C. She likes her students and plays games with them .D. She always (总是) works , but doesnt play at all .( )3. She goes and sees her friends _ .A. every day B. on Sunday C. on Saturday D. on Friday ( )4. Miss Lee goes home _ .A. in her car B. on a bus C. on foot D. by her car ( )5.Miss Lee likes _ .A. driving B. cooking C. running D. teaching 4.阅读理解 Jack and Sally are brother and sister. They are twins. They like to swim and ride bike. They like to fly kites, too. They often (经常) run with the kites near the river. The kites are very high. They look very happy (高兴). But not