15万头年优质肉牛饲养屠宰深加工技改工程可行性研究报告.doc

its too cold.”the man laughed. “my name is simon and i am inuit,” he said. “i think its too far north here for holidays but more and more tourists are coming. they like ice fishing and photographing polar bears. i star as far away from polar bears as possible. i like my warm office and my warm house.”“im business man. my grandfather would live in ice houses when he hunted in winter, but not so many people do that now. the old men used to make one in a few hours. they used to live in skin tents in summer the tents were easy to move so the people could follow the animals.”a few minutes later they arrived in iqaluit, a town with a population of 6000, on simons snowmobile. it was two oclock in the afternoon, but it was already dark, and all the houses shone with bright lights. beth said, “ why is it so dark? its the middle of the day!”simon replied, “its dark in the day because we are so far north. you should come in june. the sun shines all night in the north then. thats why its called the land of the midnight sun.” there were people on the streets and snowmobiles everywhere. there were even a few dog teams.必修四unit 1a student of african wildlifeit is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over gombe national park in east africa.following janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. watching a familyof chimps waking up is our first activity of the day. this means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.then we follow as they wonder into the forest.most of the time,chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.jane worns us that our grou is going tobe very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.however,the evening makes it all worthwhile.we watch the mother chimpand her babies play in the tree.then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.we realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. nobody before jane fully understood chimp behaviour.she spent years observing and recording their daily activities.since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.however,this was not easy.when she first arrived in gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in a forest.only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.her work changed the way people think of chimps.for example,one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.until then every thought chimps only eat fruit and nuts.she also discovered how chimps communicate with each other,and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. for forty years jane goodall has beenoutspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.she has argued that animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.she has helped to set up special places where the can live safely.she is leading a busy life but she says: “once i stop,it all comes crowding in and i remember the chimps in laboratories.its terrible.it affacts me when i watch the wild chimps.i say to myself,arent they lucky?and then i think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.once you have seen that you can never forget“ she has achieved everything she wanted to do:working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctors degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.she inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. why not carry on her work?i enjyed english ,biology,and chemistry at school,but which one should i choose to study at university ?i did not know the answer until one evening when i sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of china.by chance i came across an article about a doctor called lin qiaozhi, a specalist in womens diseases.she lived from 1901 to 1983 .it seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career ,travling abored to study as well as writing books and articles.one of them caught my eye. it was a small book explaining how to keeping babies clean,healthy and free from sickness.why did she write that?who were the women that lin qiaozhi thought needed this advice?i looked carefully at the text and realize that it was intended for women in the countryside.perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor. suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training ata that time.that was a generation when girls education was always placred decond to boys.was she so much cleverer than anyone else?further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.what made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patiens.there was story after story of how lin qiaozhi, tired after a days work,went late at night to deliver a baby for a pool family who could not pay her. by now i could not wait to find out more about her . i discovered that lin qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to herpatiens and had chosen not to have a family of her own.instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.by this time i was very excited.why not study at medical college like lin qiaozhi and carry on her good work?it was still not too late for me to improve my studies,prepare for the university entrance examinations , and elizabeth frywhen the quaker elizabeth married joseph fry,it seemed as if her life would be comfortable and peaceful.however,elizabeth was not content with her easy life and her growing family.she saw many poor people living near her and she wanted to help them. one day she was asked to visit a prison .at first the prison officers did not want to let her visit the women prisoners because they feared the prisoners would attack her,but elizabeth was not afraid.she realized that the prisoners behave badlly because they were treated like animals.they had no beds,clean clothes,food or heating.any child born in prison had to stay there and had no chance of an education.this meant they would probably have to beg or steal when they grew up and then would return to prison.so the first thing elizabeth did was to provide food,clean clothes and straw for beds.later she began a prison schoolfor the chilldren and taught the women to sew,knit and make goods to sell.in this way they able to make a little money for themselves and gain some self-respect.her lindnesshelped her gain the friendshipof prisoners and they began to try to improve their conditions for themselves.later elizabeth was asked to go to the leaders of britain to discuss how to improve the conditions for prisoners。 of course she did not do all the work on her own.other quaker women helped her and went around the country raising money for her wprk.some people did not like her ideas and quarrelled with her.they said that she should spend more time with her family.other people said she enjoyed being famous toomuch.however,her husband,joseph,supported and encouraged her,so she continued working to help improve the lives of poor prisoners tillshe died.her ideas did not disappear after her death and her work was remembered in 1947 when the quakers were given the noble peace prize. unit 2a pioneer for all peoplealthough he is one of chinas most famous scientists, yuan longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past fice decades. dr yuan longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rick that has a high output. this special strain of rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. now more than 60% of the rice produced in china each year is from this hybrid strain.born into a poor farmers family in 1930, dr yuan graduated from southwest agricultural college in 1953. since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. as a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the rice output. at that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. dr yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. in 1950, chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. in a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. these increased harvests mean that 22% of thwart worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in china. dr yuan is now circulating his knowledge in india, vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.dr yuan is quite satisfied with his life. however, he doesnt care about being famous. he feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. he would rather keep time for his hobbies. he enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather than fewer troubls. he therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. long ago dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. dr yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. now, many years later, dr yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. one dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.chemical or organic farming?over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very common in farming. many farmers welcomed them as great way to stop crop disease and increase production. recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.what are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? first, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. this affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. these chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. in addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. they may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.with these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. they focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. a healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. they feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. this also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. they often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become抚松县长白山林区牧业有限责任公司15万头/年优质肉牛饲养屠宰深加工技改工程可行性研究报告目 录第一章 总论91.1项目名称及承办单位91.1.1项目名称91.1.2项目建设单位及法人代表91.1.3项目拟建地点91.1.4可行性研究编制单位91.2研究工作依据101.3编制原则101.4研究工作范围101.5推荐方案与研究结论11第二章 项目背景与建设的必要性182.1项目的提出182.2本项目在国民经济中所处地位242.3项目建设的必要性25第三章 市场需求预测与建设规模273.1市场需求预测273.1.1国内国际市场肉牛养殖加工现状、发展趋势273.1.2销售预测303.2销售方式323.3销售方针323.4建设规模与产品方案333.4.1建设规模：333.4.2产品方案：33第四章 建设条件与厂址344.1地理位置优势344.2燃料、动力需要量344.3场（厂）址条件354.3.1场（厂）址概述354.3.2场（厂）址水文、地质条件354.4交通运输354.5气象条件364.6企业概况36第五章 项目建设方案375.1建设任务375.2项目组成375.3生产技术方案385.3.1育肥牛生产技术方案385.3.2育肥牛屠宰加工生产技术方案415.4总平面布置与运输495.4.1总平面布置的原则495.4.2新增场（厂）区总平面布置设计指标505.4.3场（厂）内外运输505.5土建工程515.5.1主要新建（构）筑物的特征和结构类型515.5.2建筑材料估算535.6给水535.6.1用水量535.6.2给水方案535.6.3循环水给水说明545.6.4消防给水说明545.7排水555.7.1排水量555.7.2概述555.7.3排水系统565.8供电565.8.1全场（厂）用电负荷，负荷等级和供电参数565.8.2电源，电源设施及电源外部条件565.8.3供电方案及设备选型565.8.4车间配电575.8.5车间照明585.8.6全厂防雷接地585.9供热585.9.1全场（厂）用汽负荷585.9.2热源的选择595.9.3主要设备选择595.10采暖通风与制冷595.10.1气象参数595.10.2采暖、通风、空气调节方案605.10.3主要设备选择61第六章 环境保护636.1建设地点环境现状636.2主要污染源及污染物636.2.1废水636.2.2废气636.2.3废渣636.2.4噪音646.3设计采用的标准646.4污染物治理措施646.4.1废水处理646.4.3废渣的处理656.4.4噪声处理656.5绿化65第七章 消防667.1消防基本方针667.2消防执行标准667.3工程特征667.4消防设计677.4.1道路677.4.2建筑消防677.4.3供电系统677.4.4消防给水677.5消防管理68第八章 节约能源698.1概述698.2节能措施69第九章 劳动保护与职业安全卫生719.1设计依据719.2项目特征719.3场（厂）址布置719.4劳动保护729.5职业安全卫生729.5.1生产人员729.5.2原、辅材料卫生729.5.3生产车间卫生739.5.4生产操作卫生739.5.5厂区环境卫生73第十章 企业组织与劳动定员7410.1企业组织7410.2工作制度7410.3劳动定员7410.4人员培训75第十一章 项目实施进度建议7611.1可行性研究预计进度7611.2勘察设计预计进度7611.3施工准备与施工计划预计进度7611.4竣工达产预计进度76第十二章 投资估算与资金筹措7812.1编制依据7812.2编制基数7812.2.1设备购置费：7812.2.2建筑工程费：7812.2.3安装及其它工程费：7912.3投资估算结果7912.4资金筹措79第十三章 财务评价8513.1编制依据8513.2编制基数8513.3产品成本8513.4销售收入及税金8613.5损益8613.6现金流量分析8713.7偿还能力分析8713.8不确定性分析8713.8.1盈亏平衡分析8713.8.2敏感性分析8813.9评价结论88附表89一、主要经济数据及评价指标89二、总成本费用估算表90三、销售收入、销售税金及附加估算表95四、损益表97五、借款偿还平衡表97六、财务现金流量表（全部投资）98its too cold.”the man laughed. “my name is simon and i am inuit,” he said. “i think its too far north here for holidays but more and more tourists are coming. they like ice fishing and photographing polar bears. i star as far away from polar bears as possible. i like my warm office and my warm house.”“im business man. my grandfather would live in ice houses when he hunted in winter, but not so many people do that now. the old men used to make one in a few hours. they used to live in skin tents in summer the tents were easy to move so the people could follow the animals.”a few minutes later they arrived in iqaluit, a town with a population of 6000, on simons snowmobile. it was two oclock in the afternoon, but it was already dark, and all the houses shone with bright lights. beth said, “ why is it so dark? its the middle of the day!”simon replied, “its dark in the day because we are so far north. you should come in june. the sun shines all night in the north then. thats why its called the land of the midnight sun.” there were people on the streets and snowmobiles everywhere. there were even a few dog teams.必修四unit 1a student of african wildlifeit is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over gombe national park in east africa.following janes way of studying chimps,our group are all going to visit them in the forest.jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. watching a familyof chimps waking up is our first activity of the day. this means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.then we follow as they wonder into the forest.most of the time,chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.jane worns us that our grou is going tobe very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.however,the evening makes it all worthwhile.we watch the mother chimpand her babies play in the tree.then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.we realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. nobody before jane fully understood chimp behaviour.she spent years observing and recording their daily activities.since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.however,this was not easy.when she first arrived in gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in a forest.only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.her work changed the way people think of chimps.for example,one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.until then every thought chimps only eat fruit and nuts.she also discovered how chimps communicate with each other,and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. for forty years jane goodall has beenoutspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.she has argued that animals should be left in the wild and not