英文介绍英国皇室历史_礼仪_及其婚姻.doc

浅析英国皇室生活，论其在英国社会中的作用analysis of the british royal family lives, on their role in british societyin reviewing the history of british colonialism, when the globe, how to maintain the british empire, gunboats are the most common reason that people mention, on the other hand, some historians believe that this seemingly nothing without the king , but very strong bond, the sun does not and can not from the empire to maintain national unity and stability of psychological cohesion.british royal family for todays commonwealth, the empire is not the old days of intangible assets, highly respected in the international community. after the disintegration of the british empire, in order to maintain the independent sovereign state with the link between the establishment of the commonwealth today. many independent countries have joined the organization. the queen is nominally the head of the commonwealth. she always kept in mind to fully use their influence to strengthen solidarity between member states, continue to play an active role by the international respect. kings symbolic significance for the colony, the former british colony of zimbabwe because of human rights and corruption issues with the british government against each other, but never denied that the kings admiration for the british love of love. the supreme ruler of zimbabwe, robert mugabe said in many interviews in both, we still love the king. held in australia in 2000, all citizens vote, the majority of the people or the retention of the queen of england to continue as australias head of state.however, the current view of the world situation and the people within the royal family in the waning influence, the abolition of the monarchy was also controversial. from 1910 to 1979, portugal announced the short-lived republic of the central african empire fall, most of the sovereign states are the two world wars against cyclones, while others were rising, and today continues a wave of anti-colonialism overwhelmed. shortly after 2006, the british royal family announced plans in april that the british queen elizabeth ii to celebrate the eightieth birthday. british royal family web site also contains a large number of elizabeth ii on the throne in 1952, has been involved in a major event in the picture. the most attention as the worlds only remaining of the constitutional monarchy, one of the queen when it will pass in the end position, and how to arrange her transfer position, once again set off the discussion of the abolition of the monarchy.although the british throne transmission problem does not exist, but the new king ascended the throne in order is not an easy task. everything is because of the british prince charles - queens evaluation has been the legal successor to the poor. in 2005, prince charles and camilla decided, a childhood understanding of the aristocratic female remarriage, a poll has revealed that nearly 23% of the british queen jiabeng that, after considering whether the uk should be completely abolished monarchy. nearly 28% of britons believe that once the death of the queen, the british monarchy should be abolished immediately. survival of the british royal family have a greater direct threat, most born in the british colonies or dependencies of the commonwealth member states are no longer recognizes the threat to the queen as the symbol. although controversy exists, but there is the historical significance of the british royal family is not forgotten, and the lives of the royal family to outsiders is still the envy of most people to enjoy the kind of nobility, but how exactly is the british royal familys image, they live hows life, which for those of us non-commonwealth countries, people who are unknown to fans, then let us work together uncover the mystery of the british royal family, to understand him, but also can be left on the abolition of the monarchy trace of their views.1. introduction to the british royal family1.1 the history of the british royal familybritish royal family is the worlds longest one of the royal family, took over from william i of england in 1066, so far, 930 years, experienced a 10-generation dynasty, 40 king and queen. throne in the male members of the same family legend, the dynasty followed the same name; the throne of the queens son if passed, will change the name of the dynasty. the new king of the ruling dynasty is usually based on the family name or to name the manor.england have experienced the rule of the roman empire, after the withdrawal of the romans, into the small kingdom, a small tribal alliance during the melee, to the 6th century, the invasion of anglo - saxon kingdom of the formation of seven (tribal alliance). kingdom of wessex began to grow up, 829 king egbert overpower the other kingdom, the overlord of england. at the same time, the british also entered the era of viking terror, has been a wave of viking invasion. egberts grandson alfred against the danes because of the successful invasion, and construction in london, organized compilation of alfred code, anglo - saxon chronicle and other achievements and was later revered as the great (the great). wessex dynasty king passed the 15 generations, to edmund ii, finally unable to resist the danes, the danish king cnut was forced to divide and conquer england. edmund ii died in 1016, knut annexed the whole of england, began a dynasty of danish rule. but in 1042, descendants of the royal family of wessex confessor edward to matrilineal descent who inherited the throne of denmark.in 1066, edward the confessor before death inspired sage meeting elected bernhard ii is king. but from france across the sea northwest of norman duke william conquered england, he is the conqueror william i, the establishment of a norman dynasty. william i of the packet to a large number of norman nobles of england, through the preparation of the national census survey land tax books to strengthen the monarchy in england. son of william i, henry i, because there is no male heir, died and was nephew stephen won the throne, but henry is daughter matilda and his son henry ii refused to accept defeat stephen, henry ii as heir to force stephen li. 1154, henry ii plantagenet dynasty began ruling.plantagenet dynasty (anjou dynasty) is the name of the first monarch in british history, giving birth to the golden age. henry ii has a high legal attainments, of the british legal system made a lot of effective reform. his son richard i to the throne, at the third crusade, saladin was defeated and fame, won the lionheart in the title. the younger brother of richard i, no to the king, john, following up, defeated by king philip ii of france lost in the vast territory, but the great nobles in 1215 under duress to sign the magna carta of freedom is the constitutional history of the world milestone. no lord during the reign of henry iiis son, also adopted by the great nobles of the stress of the oxford regulations and the westminster bill, parliament set up a legislative body. henry iiis son, legs during the reign of edward i, mature parlia- mentary system, and improve the legal system of england, also annexed wales, the scottish expedition, the british laid the foundation for the unity. to edward i, the sun aide huasan shi era, due to a request to the french throne, the british opened a prelude to the hundred years war, and failures have been several times in the french knight corps. edward iiis grandson, richard ii, henry iv was deposed by duke of lancaster, lancaster plantagenet dynasty dynasty was replaced. henry iv is actually the grandson of edward iii, is a glimpse of the duke of lancasters son, prince gunter.henry ivs son, henry v reopened hundred years war, ravaged more than half of france, forcing king admitted that he is heir to, but unfortunately died in the violence on the battlefield in france. his son henry vi became less than a year old british and french king, but the appearance of joan of arc to reverse the french war, the british were driven out of france. henry vis reign in the uk soon retain his job, in 1455, the descendants of edward iii, granddaughter fei lipa, duke of york rebellion, the war known as red war of the roses, henry vi undone waste legislation , li undone waste, and ultimately defeated by the york familys hands. york family of edward iv to the throne, established a dynasty of york. wars of the roses, but not the end of 1485, the duke of lancaster gaunt great-granddaughter of henry viis son back to england from abroad, attack, kill king richard iii of york last dynasty, established the tudor dynasty.henry viis son, henry viii after the issue due to waste, to break with the pope of rome, introduced the reformation in england, the king of england from a state religion of the leader, the daughter of henry viii, elizabeth is so smooth through the reformation in england chaos, and in the economic, cultural and military have made great progress. but elizabeth i never married, without issue, the tudor dynasty ended, her grand-nephew of the table (great-grandson of henry viiis sister) king james vi of scotland inherited the throne of england, said james i of england, scotland history once ruled by the same king, began the stuart dynasty.james is son charles i in the united kingdom was overthrown in the revolution of 1640-1648, and eventually sent to the guillotine, by cromwell as protector. charles is son charles ii in 1660 restoration of the stuart dynasty, but after his brother james ii ascended the throne, regardless of the uk most people have converted to protestant conditions in an attempt to restore the dominance of the catholic church, into a deserted situation, his daughter mary and son william ii (william iii to govern the netherlands) in china under the invitation of the new aristocracy, invaded england to overthrow the rule of james ii, but they accept the parliaments bill of rights the premise was able to reign, the provisions of the king without the consent of parliament can not stop any legal effect, the collection of taxes and so on. this event called the glorious revolution established a constitutional monarchy. mary iis sister anne to the throne, declared with england and scotland into one kingdom. anne without issue and finally, the end of the stuart dynasty.in 1714, the british parliament invited the son of james is granddaughter, the family of hanover, germany, the united kingdom george inherited the throne, began the hanover dynasty. hanover dynasty greatly to the overseas expansion of the british colony, and began the golden age of industrial revolution, to the sixth king - the hands of queen victoria, britains overseas colonies to over 3300 square km, known as sun empire, while in the industrial revolution, the continuous generation of new things, social life with each passing day, the british empire reached its peak. at the same time the real power in the british royal family has continued to shrink, to the 20th century, the countrys political life has almost become a rubber stamp.queen victoria and the german saxe - coburg - gotha family, albert married his son to the throne after king edward vii, also known as the fathers surname of saxe - coburg - gotha dynasty. edward viis son, during the reign of george v, to catch up with the first world war, germanys adversaries do not wish to use the name, the royal surname of windsor (because the royal palace, windsor), also renamed the dynasty name as windsor. windsor continues to this day, the current reign of queen elizabeth ii is the fourth king.although the british royal family has gone through many dynasties, but in fact there between before and after the reign of blood near or distant the relationship, royal blood has not stopped.1.2 royal thronedetermined according to primogeniture, that the throne should start with the current monarchs eldest son inherited, then turn the other son, according to the order, and finally her turn. but according to law, the british throne is not automatic, 1701 through the act of settlement provides that the throne should be passed to lady hou sophia of hanover electors blood descendants, and successors shall not be catholic, nor funerals a catholic. if china wang zhangzi dead, their heirs from inheritance; but if the eldest son died without descendants, the second son or his heirs from the inheritance; king no male descendants, or their heirs will inherit from the eldest daughter; king no children, by brother inherited. in addition to the descendants of the ruling king, the royal family and other close family members also enjoy the right to inherit the throne. some people think that the regulations and other uk law prohibits religious discrimination in terms of conflict. but in fact, the vast majority are eligible to inherit the throne of the people are protestants, but also in public are mostly members of the anglican claim. in addition, the bill also stipulates that the throne is inherited by the parliament to decide, rather than the monarch himself.thus, today the british royal family members have the right of succession to the throne, the top ten were: the eldest son of prince charles, grandson prince william, second son prince andrew, the third son of prince edward, princess anne, daughter, grandson peter phillips, granddaughter zara phillips, sister, princess margaret, viscount linley (son of margaret) and sarah armstrong, a joan (margarets daughter).however, in this 10 alternate king, only prince charles and prince williams rank is fixed, the other persons ranking is only temporary. top of the heir if the death or announced their abstention, in turn behind the persons rank incremental; the other hand, if the person in front of home childbirth imports, followed by ones position should all move back. if there are no extraordinary events occurred after the heir to the throne for the second person, is just a dream.2. british royal etiquettetoday, the british aristocratic way of life also followed some of the stereotypes of the past, from the content of education, sports, hobbies, leisure habits, social life, behavior (etiquette and manners) to charity, which is usually the nobility talked about the subject.with the continuous development of the royal family, royal etiquette is also increasingly sophisticated. his role is important, first, to enhance personal prestige, and second, competition with other european royal family, third, the international environment changes, the king not only as its predecessors only community leaders, now it is considered the nations leaders , fourth, consistency, stability, community embodiment, five is to show the world but its a long, continuous tradition of the only incarnation.in the past years, such as queen elizabeth ii royal tutor through your education, now, the elite school is first choice for nobles. eton popular with 13-18 year-old young nobles of joy , prince charles, prince william and prince harry have graduated from the school. the uks most prestigious girls school is tottenham chelsea tie up womens college - a woman boarding day school. huan by the nobles of the famous oxford university, cambridge and london university.speaking of social events, charity balls and often for a variety of festivals, the highlight of the event, dedication of their time, money and effort, people expect and appreciate the noble generosity is reflected in this. the opera, ballet and theater arts who is also the most respected aristocratic leisure.polo, hunting, shooting and horse racing and other sports in the nobility in the countryside is widely huan , golf and table tennis are also very popular. tennis and cricket (in the 18th century gentleman in the prevalence in the uk) have gradually become the nobility, upper-class social movements on behalf of the spirit of the sport.as the special status, the nobility have more opportunities to participate in a variety of activities or ceremonies (such as the upper house parliamentary activities). be introduced, talk, shake hands, ceremonial embrace, instrument bearing, body language, etc. these have revealed the basic courtesy of a persons class or the noble class. no matter where, humble, polite, elegant manners and a mature sophisticated social skills are obviously important.as a special group, sharing the wisdom of the noble ideas, refined patterns of behavior and superior way of life, the words of an anonymous person enough to summarize the essence of nobility.and they are a symbol of the british gentleman ceremonies, a variety of the uks local etiquette is to abide by. respect the etiquette, handshake - female nobuo then, the right to walk - male female left, open the door open for women - men.meals, smoking is considered rude; teeth in front of someone elses face is rude. in front of people sneezing, coughing, to a handkerchief yanzhe. according to british practice, the hand can not be on the table below. therefore, the meal will not put his hand on the following, do not hand in his trouser pockets to take the handkerchief installed, and do not qujian things fall to the ground. in smoking, sparking a match or a cigarette lighter is not as three individuals. some britons believe that if you use a knife and fork when eating a cup touch the ring, and let it ring more than fat, it will bring misfortune, therefore, together with the british meals, cutlery utensils to avoid a crash. during the meeting, conversation, avoid the royal family as a laughing matter of information, but also not talk about the topic with the royal british irony. because british law does not allow criticism from the king of england and the royal family. in addition, when the british said, avoid using english word that is appropriate to b