2011广西学士学位英语考前串讲.ppt

学位英语考前串讲 v近三年的命题规律 v命题趋势预测 v精华考点梳理 v高分技能提示 vQuestions 近三年统考命题规律 v不超纲、守样题、题型稳 v命题难度因年而异 v命题材料的时效性-阅读、完形填空 v作文命题的贴切性：紧扣成教特点,让考生有 话可说,有话要说。 v最常用的语法考点、最明显的词义辨析、最 容易忽视的短语词组 命题趋势预测 v总体而言,试题难度有所加大 v阅读材料会增加长度和难度,拉开分数层次 v作文依然采用命题提纲作文的方式,命题由个 人的小问题逐渐转向社会热门大问题 v语法项目不会太难,同义词、近义词和常用词 组的命题比例会加重 v少出常见的会话句型,多出新的会话类型 精华考点梳理 v会话常考语境及有用句型 1.常考的交际话题有：介绍自己、同学、朋友 等,并对他人的介绍做出回应；问路、购物、 打电话、就医、求职、提出请求、表达个人 好恶与偏爱、谈论天气等。 2.上下文语境关系、约定俗成的口语习惯用法 、中文口语表达的干扰（即汉语式的英语口 语）等历来都是会话测试的命题重点所在。 会话常考句型 vIntroduction（介绍） 1.John,may I introduce Mary to you？ 2.Id like you to meet Mary. 3 .Have you met each other before？ 4.Can I have your business card? 5.Sorry, I didnt catch your name 会话常考句型 vApologies（道歉） Excuse me.I beg your pardon.Forgive me. Im really sorry for not keeping my promise Will you ever forgive me？ Its all my fault. I didnt mean it Its stupid of me to thinkdo that 会话常考句型 vInvitations（邀请） I wonder if you two would like to come to？ Would you be free to a concert(音乐会) on Sunday? Why dont you come on a holiday with us？ We should be delighted(使高兴) if you could 会话常考句型 vAsking for Permission（请求许可） Do you mind my doing？ Would you mind my doing？ Would it be possible for me to put off the work till a later day? I wonder if I could turn the CD player on. 会话常考句型 v Making Telephone Calls（打电话） Is Roger there? Yes,speaking, please. Im afraid youve got the wrong number. Hold the line,please. Hes not available now. Can I take a message? May I leave a message？ Of course. Hold on for just a second so I can 会话常考句型 vHaving Meals（用餐） Are you ready to order now? What would you like to drink,tea or coffee？ I prefer to drink coffee without sugar. Make yourself at home. We will go Dutch.我们AA制。 Tonights on me. ILL take care of the billcheck. No. Its my treat. 会话常考句型 vAsking the Way（问路） Excuse me,can you tell me the way to？ Excuse me,is this the right way to？ Excuse me,how can I get to? Excuse me,does this bus go to.？ How long does it take to walk there? Turn right at a corner ,then go straight to ,you will find, you cant miss it. 会话常考句型 vTalking about Weather（谈论天气） Whats the weather like today in Guangzhou？ Have you heard the weather forecast？ What does the weather forecast say? Well have fine weather for the next few days. What will it be after the clear weather？ It says a storm may come soon. The weather is terribly changeable at this time of the year 会话常考句型 vShopping（购物） MayCan I help you？ Are you looking for something particular？ Please try it on Do you know what size you are？ Im afraid we dont have it in stock How are you going to pay? Cash,check or charge? 会话常考句型 vShowing Attitude（表明态度） Its cool！Cool！ It is neat(整洁的)！ Thats great！ Thats incredible(不能相信的)！ You are brilliant(多才多艺的)greatterrific( 可怕的)！ You scared me！ That is so stupid！ Its a piece of cake(小菜一碟). 会话高频句型 vThats something. vDo you really mean it? vYou are a great help. vI couldnt be more sure. vI am behind you vMind you! vYou can count on it. vIve done my best 会话高频句型 vThat depends vThanks anyway. v Its a deal. vIt is my pleasure vWith pleasure vMe, too ( you, too) vTake care, take it easy. 会话高频句型 vAfter you. vDont take it to heart vWed better be off vLets face it. vLets get started vIve done my best vIs that so? v Im not going to kid(欺骗) you 会话高分提示 v判断对话者的意图 v分清会话语境 v抓关键词和习惯表达 v从四个选项中采用排除法,根据对话语境来验 证排除剩下的正确答案。用翻译法来做会话 题型,容易受汉语干扰而选错答案。 v 特别注意同义反复、前肯后否、一正一反等 例题分析 v选项入手,不看对话内容。用“三最”来排除不 符合地道英语表达的中式英语选项。 Will: So Masahiro, hows the coffee maker working? Masahiro: Actually, it doesnt work well. Anna: Why dont you take it back? Masahiro:_ , but Ive misplaced the receipt. A. I do B. Its already broken C. Id like to D. Its not what I wanted 例题分析 vSusan: Lets; go to the restaurant and have dinner right now! vMarilyn: OK. Lets get in. vSusan: Thanks._. A. After you B. You go first C. Ill follow you D. Have fun 例题分析 v同义反复 Visitor: How do I get to the bank? I have no knowledge of this area. Policeman: Cross the road and turn left at the other side._ for about 100 meters and the bank is to your left. vA. Continue you walking vB. Keep going straight vC. Go along vD. Go on walking 前否后肯（but标志） vWaitress: Yes, sir, anything the matter? vCustomer:_ , but this soup is too salty. vWaitress: Im very sorry, sir. Ill change it for you. A. I cant stand it B. Sorry to do it C. I hate to complain D. Sorry to bother you 阅读高分的有效做题习惯 v1.把握文章的主旨大意 v2.标注文章的重点词和句 v3. 定位原文,复检答案 v 4. 选项比较定答案 v 5. 主旨态度落最后 阅读高分的有效做题习惯 v览找查 v一览文章首末段； v二找事实支撑句； v三查答案信号词（因果、并列、递进、 转折等）,首字母大写的单词；（人名、 地名和组织的名称）,标点符号信息（破 折号、小括号、冒号等 阅读选择的快速答题技巧 两肯两否 、前肯后否 绝对词、相对词、委婉词 同义反复 一枝独秀,一正一反 全信(信息描述最全)选项为正,空、半信息为负 常识判断助选答案 题干关键词、选项关键词回放段落中,三者重叠即 为答案。 语法考点归纳 v1.非谓语动词的七大考点 v2.主谓一致的十大考点 v3.关系代词和关系副词的六大考点 v4.虚拟语气的八大考点 v5.倒装句的三大考点 1.非谓语动词的七大考点 v使役动词（have, make, let 等词）后不定 式要省略但同(被动以后要还原to ) vI make John answer the question. vJohn is made to answer the question. v介词to和不定式to不要混淆,以下短语中,to是 介词,其后要接名词、代词或doing to后接名词或动名词的词组 vagree to（同意,答应） come to（到达,涉及 到） object to（反对,不赞成）, get to（开始 做某事） relate to（与相关）take to（ 从事） accustom to（习惯于）devote to（ 致力于）owe to（归功于）, prefer to（更喜 欢） get down to（开始认真做某事）look forward to（盼望,期待） equal to similar to （相似）, superior to（优于,胜过）, sensitive to（敏感） indifferent to（不关心）, key to（ 答案是）, answer to（答案是） 19个 只跟不定式的动词 vwant, wish, hope, expect agree, allow sb to do, promise, permit sb to do, enable sb to do refuse plan, decide, cause sb to do offer, pretend(假装), manage vforce sb to do, be more likely to do, love to do, warn sb to do, be able to do, vbe ambitious(雄心,野心) to do, begin to do , start to do 24个 只能接动名词的动词 vinvolves; resist; risk; hinder(妨碍); insist suggest; understand; recall; imagine; consider(考虑); mention(提到); admit(允 许); avoid; prevent; deny; practice; finish; defer(延缓); delay; postpone; detest(讨厌 ); dislike; dispute; excuse; explain; escape; forgive(原谅); pardon(原谅); fancy(想要); appreciate(感激); cant help; enjoy; feel like( 想要/喜欢); miss; keep; mind; 36个 2）主谓一致 v 由and连接的两个或两个以上名词做主语,谓 语动词通常用复数,但是如果主语表示的是同一 个概念,同一人,同一事的时候,谓语动词用单数, 这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个 冠词。 vThe knife and fork is on the table. vThe knife and the fork are on the table. v类似的还有：law and order, bread and butter, black and white, To love and to be loved is A teacher and mother is v非谓语动词短语、从句做主语谓语用单数 vWhat she did is out of our expectation. vSeeing is believing. v倒装结构中谓语的数与它真正主语的数一致, 真正的主语在谓语之后。 vIn front of the house stands a big tree. vIn front of the house stand two young students. v 就远原则：当主语为 together with, as well as , including , along with, with / of ,accompanied with / by, besides, except, no less than, rather than+名词所修饰,谓语动词的数与主语一 致。 v 就近原则：当主语由or, eitheror, neither nor, not onlybut also连接时,谓语动词与最接近它的主语的数相一致 。 v 很多以s结尾的单词,看似复数,实为单数,谓语动词要用单数。 比如学科分支的名词： physics, mathematics, politics, mathematics, athletics, mechanics, economics, acoustics, etc. v 表示度量衡（时间,金钱,距离）单位连接的名词,作为一个整 体,谓语用单数；作为每一个个体,谓语用复数。 Two weeks is too short a time for the preparation of the final exam. vThere are two weeks before the final exams. vthe+adj表示“一类人”,谓语用复数；表某一抽象概念 或事物时,谓语用单数。 The good is always attractive. v由most , half , rest , some , majority , one percent of+名词做主语,由名词的数决定谓语动词的数 。 v由“lots of , heaps of, loads of, plenty of +名词做主语, 谓语随名词的单、复数而变化。由A kind/type/sort+名 词做主语,谓语用单数；many a +单数名词/ more than one +名词,表“许多”, 谓语用单数；a number of +复数 名词,谓语用复数；The number of +名词复数, 谓语用 单数 。 v由more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代 词保持一致。 接doing的常用说法 its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile(值得); spend money/time (on doing sth); theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point. v同位语从句先行词：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding The fact that she failed in the exam last year. v关系代词who/that 指人,which/that指物,当先行 词是人与物的并列名词时,关系代词要用that。 v当先行词是不定代词（all, anything, something, nothing）时,关系代词要用that。 v当先行词有only, all, any及最高级修饰时,通常 用that做关系代词。 v在从句介词提前的定语从句中,非限定性定语从 句中,不能用 that做关系代词。 虚拟语气 v（1）should/would+动词原形do v如：I should go! but Im still here!) vI should be working now! (actually Im playing now.) v含“建议,假设,命令“的动词引导的从句用虚 拟语气,should 常省略 vsuggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan, move（提议) vdemand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide; vrequire, request; think, expect, believe, insist, suspect. v以上动词的名词形式、分词、形容词引起的主语从 句,表语从句,同位语从句等都用虚拟语气 should+ 动词原形 v如：Its suggested that vMy suggestion is that vThe only suggestion that. vThe only suggestion I can give you now is that vimportant; necessary; essential, advisable, obligatory that. vIts natural; strange; incredible, imperative va pity; a shame; no wonder v由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用 should v与将来相反 If +were to do, (subject) should/would do vIf it rains tomorrow, well have to stay one day more.（也可以接受） v与现在相反：If +（ past tense）,(subject) should/would do v If I were you, I would leave at once. vIts (high) time (that); would rather (that)从句 中用一般过去时。 v与过去相反：If +had done, (subject) should/would have done v How nice it is if I had past the test! vHow nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning! v if only(只要,但愿), as if(似乎), as though (似乎), though, what if(假使.呢)引导的条 件句和让步状语从句也表示与事实相反. vHe treated me as if I were his own son. vHope I werent always losing things! vIf only/If I hadnt been there! vWhat if I hadnt been waiting right here! 虚拟语气条件句 v在虚拟语气条件句中, if 省略,were, had, should 置于句首,其它成分位置不便,句子半 倒装。Had I been there, I would have talked about it with her. 虚拟语气经典考题 vit is/was (high/ about/ the )time that 句型结构 v在虚拟语气用于it is (high/ about/ the )time 句型中, 虚拟语气中的谓语动词常用过去时,指现在或将来的 情况,表示“早该做某事而已经有些晚了”。其中that可 以省略。如： vIt is high time we went home. 我们必须回家了（暗 指有些晚了） vIts time they were taught a lesson. v该句型与以下两种句型区别： v（a）Its time (+for +sb)+动词不定式。该句型表示“ 时间刚好准备做某事”,是陈述语气,表达一种事实。 如：Its time for us to have our supper. 倒装 v全倒装：将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。 v地点副词置于句首 vHere comes the bus. v这类副词有here, there, now, then, away, up, down, back等, 常用谓语动词come, go, lie, run等表移动的动词。 v如果主语是代词则不能倒装。 vHere it comes. v介词短语置于句首做状语,谓语动词倒装 Behind the tree hid a girl. vNeither, nor, so表否定或肯定,句子要倒装。谓语动词一般用 助动词代替。 vSo am I. Neither did she. vSo/such that句型中的so/such位于句首时,句子全倒装 vSo happy was he that he couldnt speak out a word. v半倒装：did, does, has, had等助动词提取出来 置于主语之前,而其它成分位置不变。如： vNot until midnight did he go to bed. a.否定副词置于句首,句子要倒装： not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no soonerthan, hardlywhen vHardly had he finished cooking, when there was a knock on the door. vb. only+状语（副词、介词词组、状语从句）位于句 首,句子半倒装,但only接句子其它成分,句子不倒装 vOnly recently did he notice how important education is. vOnly the oldest one of the family stayed at home. 倒装经典考题 v如果陈述部分带有seldom hardly never rarely little nowhere等否定词,谓语动词要用肯定式。 v例：She seldom writes to her stepmother , does she? v当数个形容词作定语共同修饰一个名词时,一般按照在意义 上与名词关系的密切程度来确定其位置。其排列顺序如下： a)冠词或指示形容词,b）所有格,c）序数词,d）基数词,e）表 示特性或性质的词,D大小、长短、高低,D年龄、温度、新旧 ,h）形态、形状,i）颜色,j）国际、地区、出处,k）物资、材料 ,1）用途、类别、目的、与有关。 v例：a new red scarf vall the nine beautiful young Chinese girl students 平行结构 v这种结构的连词有both and ,and as well, as well as , both , but , or ,nor , not onlybut（also）,either or , neithernor , than , whetheror等。处于平行 关系的部分可以是句子中的任何成分,包括名词、代词、数词、 形容词、副词、动词、动名词（短语）、不定式短语、介词短 语、分词短语、从句等。但试题中一般以短语和分句的平行结 构为最多。连接词所连接的部分通常在语言形式上趋向一致,或 同为不定式,或同为结构一样的从句等。 v例：Even as a girl, _to be her life, and theater audiences to be her best teachers. (2001) vA. performing by Melissa vB. it was known that Melissas performances were vC. knowing that Melissas performances were vD. Melissa knew that performing was v答案是D 强调句型 经典考题 v“It is（was）十强调部分十that（who）+句子”。无论强调句子的什么成 分,如时间状语、地点状语等,都用that引出句子的其他部分,而不用when, where；在强调人时还可用who（whom）。 v 例： It was my parents who sent me the letter v It is only when one is ill that one realize the value of health. v注意： vis wasthat结构中的be动词只有时态的变化,没有数的变化,即不管 被强调的部分是单数还是复数,一律用is was。被强调的部分是从原正 常句子中为强调而提取出来的那一部分,因而要保持原来的形态,是代词的 主格仍用主格,是代词的宾格仍用宾格。 vIt was not untilthat为 强调句型中常见的强调时间状语的句式。 that后用肯定式,整个句子意为“直到才”。 v 例： It was not until midnight _ the snowcapped peak. v Athat they sighted B. that they did not sight v Cdid they sight D. had they sighted v答案是A v如果复合句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是suppose think believe expect等时,附加疑问句的主语就应与从句的主 语保持一致。 I think there will be a lot of students in the library tomorrow, wont there? v如果陈述部分是第二人称祈使句,后面的附加疑问句中要用肯 定形式的will (would ) you 或否定形式的wont you. v例：When you have finished with that video tape, dont forget to put it in my drawer,_? vAdo you Bwill you Cdont you Dwont you v答案是B 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法 v当数词用在比较结构中,其顺序为“数词+名词 +比较级+than。如： v例：My watch is two minutes faster than yours. 我的表比你的快了两分钟。 v有些形容词本身就具有“比年长”、“比优 越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比 如：inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior, posterior 等等。这些形容词往往和to连用,而 不和than连用。 v例：She thinks that she is senior to everyone else in the company. v形容词最高级作定语时,最高级前通常要加定冠词the,如： the most important thing, the biggest elephant；但当最高 级前有物主代词时,不需加the,如： his most famous novel. v比较级特殊句式the more the more常表示“越越 ”.more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号 隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行 省略。 v比较级特殊句式（not）so asas表示“如同一样,不如 ”等意思。其结构和than句式相仿,但asas之间的形容词 必须用原形,而且 asas 必须搭配使用。 比较句型考点 v比较句式the sameas也常用来表示“和一 样” the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用。 v比较句式notany more than和no more than “和一样不”。 vno more than 前后比较的双方均表示否定,而 no less than 前后比较的双方则表示肯定。 v比较句式notso muchas；notso much thatas（that） but（that） v 该句型结构表示“与其不如”的意思。 易混淆的常考词汇 veconomic(经济学的),economical(节约的) veffective(有效的(+against/in)+to-v), effectual(有效果的, 奏效的) vemigrate(vi, vt移居外国(或外地区)(+from/to), immigrate( vi, vt. 迁移;迁入), migrate( vi 迁移;移居) vhistoric(历史上著名的), historical(历史的,史学的) vImaginable可想象的,往往作后置定语,所修饰的名词前常加 all,every,only或形容词的最高级。 imaginary(想象中的;虚构的), imaginative(富于想象力的) v industrial(工业的), industrious(勤奋的,勤劳的) vpopular(大众的,流行的), populous(人口稠密的) vrespectable(值得尊敬的,名声好的), respected(受尊敬的,), respectful(恭敬的;尊敬他人的 ), respecting(关于;在.方面), respective(单个的,分别的 ) vvariable(易变的,变量的) , various(不同的;各种各样的,形形色 色的) vvaluable(值钱的,有用的,有价值的(+for/to), valued(贵重的; 已经过估价的), valueless(无价值的;没有用处的), invaluable( 非常贵重的,无价的;无法估价的(+for/to), priceless(贵重的, 无价的;稀世之珍的), worthless(无价值的;无用的;不重要的) vdamage损害,损毁(使失去价值);损坏,毁坏损坏了(还可以修复 ),hurt(小刀等)弄伤;(语言等)伤害, destroy破坏,打破(希望,计划 ).消灭,除灭.歼灭.(无法修复的),spoil(损坏;糟蹋;搞糟;宠坏,溺爱 ), injure(车祸等)受伤, wound(战斗)负伤, harm用于肉体或精 神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,wounded 受伤的 vaccuse指控,控告;谴责(+of), charge控告,指控(+with);指责; 谴责+that vadapt使适应,使适合(+to), adopt采取;采纳;吸收;收养(+as), adjust调节;改变.以适应(+to) ,adept熟练的,内行的(+in/at) vcost, pay, spend, take vsb spend money (time) on sthdoing sth sb. pay + money+ for+ sth it takes sb time to do sth vsb. + take some time / money vsth. + take + sb. + some time / money sth. + cost +sb. + some money / time vIt + cost + sb. + some money / time to do sth vnormal正常的,正规的,标准的(强调符合已建立的标准、模型 或方式), regular有规律的;普通的(侧重经常性),average平均 的;一般的,普通的;中等的,ordinary通常的,平常的;普通的,平 凡的(指种类普通且不能从其它中加以区别的,侧重普通性) vraise及物动词. 举起；抬起；提起；提高；增加, rise不及物 动词 上升；增涨, arise产生,起因于(+from/out of),不及物动 词 ,arouse唤起,唤醒,及物动词 vtransplant 移植;移种(+from/to), transform 改革,变革,改 变, 指物质之间的转换从一物转换为另一物 ,transfer转移,转 让 ；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘,改变路线。 , transmit 传送,播送;疾病的传染,传播; 比如在电脑上传些资 料等, transport 运输 vsensitive敏感的,灵敏的 ,sensible有知觉的,可感知的;明智 的 ,sentimental .多愁善感的,感伤的 vcontinual多次重复的,频频的,不间断的,连续的, continuous 连续的,不断的 vlessen(变小,变少;减轻), lesson(功课,给上课) vassure强调消除疑虑的保证,insure强调事先准备以保证 ,ensure强调实实在在的保障 ,secure表示采取措施排除负 面因素从而保证 vpersonal个人的, personnel 名词, 员工;人事部门; vprincipal主要的,首要的,资本的, pricinple vhanged绞死;吊死, hung 把.挂起; 都是hang的过去式 vtired疲倦的, tied出租给雇工居住的,系住 vlate迟的;晚的, later较晚的,更晚的 vworth只能作表语的形容词,意思为“值的”、“相当于的价 值的”、“有价值的”、“值得的”。后接名词、接动名词的 主动形式。 , worthy可作表语,也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有 价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值 得的”、“应得到的”,其后接of sth.,也可以后接to do sth. , worthwhile可作表语,又可作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受 益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做,一般做“值得的”、“值得做的 ”、“有意义的”解。用作表语时,可接动名词或动词不定式 vretain保留,留住,记住, obtain得到,获得,remain剩下,余留, maintain维持;保持;维修,保养 常考词组 vcall for需要,接(人) call off取消,喊走 call on拜访(某 人),号召;请求call up打电话;打电话给(某人) vcut down削减,缩短 cut in插话,超车 cut off切除,切 断,中断,使死亡 cut out删去,关掉,安排 vdrop in顺便拜访 drop out脱离,退出(学校等) vget along with与.和睦相处,在.方面进展,应付. get off动身,免于受罚get on进展,登(车);(上)马get over克服,恢复get in到达,收获get rid of 摆脱get through办完,通过考试,接通电话 get up起床 vhold back抑制,阻碍,退缩,隐瞒 hold off (使)不接近, 拖延 hold on继续;坚持;保持,不挂断电话 hold on to 紧握 hold over延期 hold up延误,阻碍,拦截 vgive away赠送;分发,泄露 give up让出,放弃 give in 让步,呈交 give back恢复,反射 vcome about发生 come across偶然碰见 come up with赶上 vgo by经过;(时间)过去,错过(机会等) go in for参加, 喜欢 go out外出,过时go over受欢迎,察看 go through经历,被通过 go up上升 go wrong弄错 vlet alone更不必说;听任,避免 let down使失望,放下 let out泄露,使出去;let in让.进来 vlook down on/upon轻视 look for寻找look after 照顾 look up查询 look forward to盼望 look into 研究;调查 look out小心;注意 look through识破 look over仔细检查 vwork out 可以解决,设计出,算出,计算出,消耗完, 挤 出去 work for 为做事,为尽力,被雇佣者 work at 从事,致力于 work on激起,激发,影响,不断工作, 继续工作 work as 作为的工作 work in 引进,配合 vmake use of利用 make for走向,攻击,导致 make out辨别出,填写;写出,理解 make ones way成功 make up for补偿 make up ones mind下决心 make way to让路;为.开路 vput off推迟;拖延 put on上演,穿上 put out伸出,熄 灭,打扰 put u