高考生物总复习题专四第二讲.ppt

Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.自然选择：适者生存不适者被淘汰的过程叫作自然选择。 2.种群：生活在同一地点的同种生物的一群个体，是生 物繁殖的基本单位，也是生物 的基本单位。 3.基因库：种群 所含的全部基因叫做这个种群 的基因库，其中每个个体所含的基因只是基因库的一 部分。 进化 全部个体 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4.基因频率：某种基因在 中出现的比例。 5.突变、基因重组与进化：突变和基因重组产生进化 的 ，不能决定生物进化的 。突变包括 和 。 6.自然选择决定生物进化的方向：在自然选择作用下， 种群的 发生定向改变，导致生物朝一定的 方向进化。 7.物种：指分布在一定的 ，具有一定的形态 结构和生理功能，而且在自然状态下能 ， 并产生出可育后代的一群生物个体。 整个种群 原材料 方向 基因突变染色体变异 基因频率 自然区域 互相交配 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 8.隔离：指同一物种不同种群间的个体，在自然条 件下 不能自由交流的现象。 (1)地理隔离：由于高山、河流、沙漠等地理上的障 碍，使彼此间不能相遇而不能交配(如：东北虎和 华南虎)。 (2)生殖隔离：种群间的个体不能 或交配后 不能产生可育的后代。 基因 自由交配 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 9.物种的形成：物种形成的方式有多种，经过长期地 理隔离而达到 是比较常见的方式。物种形 成标志着 的增加。 10.现代生物进化理论的基本观点：进化的基本单位 是种群，进化的实质是种群基因频率的改变。物 种形成的基本环节是：突变和基因重组提供进 化的原材料，自然选择基因频率定向改变，决 定进化的方向。隔离物种形成的必要条件。 生殖隔离 生物类型 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 11.共同进化：不同物种之间、生物与无机环境之间在 相互影响中不断进化和发展，这就是共同进化。任 何一个物种都不是 进化的。 12.生物多样性：包括基因多样性、物种多样性、生态 系统多样性。 单独 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.关系：自然选择学说是现代生物进化理论的基础， 现代生物进化理论是自然选择学说的发展。 2.相同点：科学地阐明了生物进化的原因自然 选择，以及生物的多样性、适应性、物种可变性。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.不同点 (1)自然选择学说(个体水平) 选择是适者生存，不适者被淘汰的过程，是 定向的； 自然选择是通过生存斗争实现的； 自然选择是一个漫长的历史进程： Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2)现代生物进化理论(群体水平) 种群是进化的基本单位，进化的实质是种群基因频率的改 变。 导致基因频率改变的因素有基因突变、基因重组、遗传漂 变、迁入迁出、自然选择，其中自然选择的作用是定向的。 隔离是物种形成的必要条件，生殖隔离是新物种形成的标 志。地理隔离是物种形成的量变阶段，生殖隔离是质变时期。 只有地理隔离而不形成生殖隔离，只能形成亚种。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.渐变式 物种的形成有多种方式，主要为渐变式。一个种群 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.爆发式 爆发式物种的形成主要是由异源多倍体的染色体变 异的方式形成新种，一出现可以很快达到生殖隔离。 3.人工制造新物种 人工诱导多倍体，植物体细胞杂交等。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 物种形成不一定要经过地理隔离，但必须要形成生 殖隔离，如人工诱导多倍体形成。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.通过基因型频率计算基因频率 设有N个个体的种群，AA、Aa、aa的个体数分别是 n1、n2、n3，A、a的基因频率分别用PA、Pa表示， AA、Aa、aa的基因型频率分别用PAA、PAa、Paa表 示，则： Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由以上公式可得出下列结论： 在种群中一对等位基因的频率之和等于1，基因型 频率之和也等于1； 一个等位基因的频率该等位基因纯合子的频率 1/2杂合子的频率。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.哈迪温伯格定律与基因频率的计算 该定律指出：在一个进行有性生殖的自然种群中，在 符合以下5个条件的情况下，各等位基因的频率在一 代一代的遗传中是稳定不变的，或者说保持着基因平 衡。这5个条件是： 种群大；种群中个体间的 交 配是随机的；没有突变发生；没有新基因加入 ； 没有自然选择。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 哈迪温伯格定律可用数学方程式表示：(pq)2 p22pqq21，其中p代表一个等位基因(如上例 中的A)的频率，q代表另一个等位基因(如上例中的 a)的频率。(pq)永远为1，即A的频率加a的频率为 1，p2代表一个等位基因(即A)的纯合子(AA)的频率 ，q2代表另一个纯合子(aa)的频率，2pq代表杂合子 (Aa)的频率。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考向一物种的形成 (2009江苏高考)右图是 物种形成的一种模式。物种a因为地理障 碍分隔为两个种群a1和a2，经过漫长的 进化，分别形成新物种b和c。在此过程 中的某一时刻，a1种群的部分群体越过 障碍外迁与a2同域分布，向d方向进化。 下列有关叙述正确的是 ( ) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. A.b和d存在地理隔离，所以一定存在生殖隔离 B.c和d不存在地理隔离，却可能存在生殖隔离 C.a1中的外迁群体与当时留居群体的基因频率相同， 则b和d是同一物种 D.a1中的外迁群体与当时a2种群的基因频率不同， 则c和d是不同物种 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解析 判断是不是一个物种的标准是：两个种群间 能否随机交配并产生可育的后代。基因频率不同只能说明 生物发生了进化，不一定产生生殖隔离，形成新物种。新 物种的形成一般先经过长期地理隔离而后产生生殖隔离， 但经过地理隔离不一定就产生生殖隔离。没有地理隔离时 ，由于c和d基因库的差别也可产生生殖隔离。 答案 B Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 物种与种群的区别和联系 种群物种 概念 生活在一定区域的 同种生物的全部个 体。种群是生物进 化和繁殖的单位。 同一种群内的个体 之间可以进行基因 交流 分布在一定自然区 域内，具有一定的 形态、结构和生理 特征能够在自然状 况下相互交配并且 产生可育后代的一 群生物 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 范围 较小范围内的同种生物 的个体 由分布在不同区域内 的同种生物的许多种 群组成 判断 标准 种群必须具备“三 同”，即同一时间、 同一地点、同一物种； 同一物种的不同种 群不存在生殖隔离， 交配能够产生可育后代 主要是形态特征和能 否自由交配并产生可 育后代；不同物种间 存在生殖隔离 联系 一个物种可以包括许多种群，同一个物种的多 个种群之间存在着地理隔离，长期发展下去可 成为不同亚种，进而可能形成多个新种 种群物种 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考向二种群基因频频率的计计算 (2009上海高考)某小岛上原有果蝇20 000只， 其中基因型VV、Vv和vv的果蝇分别占15%、55%和30%。若 此时从岛外入侵了2 000只基因型为VV的果蝇，且所有果蝇均 随机交配，则F1代中V的基因频率约是 ( ) A.43% B.48% C.52% D.57% Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解析 由题意可知小岛上原有VV果蝇3 000只， Vv果蝇11 000只，vv果蝇6 000只，从小岛外入侵2 000只 VV果蝇后，VV共有5 000只，果蝇总数为22000只，所以 入侵后VV占5/22，Vv占11/22，vv占6/22，此时V基因频 率为5/2211/221/221/4448%。又由于随机交配不 会改变种群的基因频率，所以F1代中V的基因频率仍为 48%。 答案 B Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 考向三生物进进化理论论的应应用 (2009上海高考)回答下列有关生物进 化的问题。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1)图1表示某小岛上蜥蜴进化的基本过程。X、Y、Z 表示生物进化中的基本环节。X、Y分别是 、 。 (2)该小岛上的蜥蜴原种由许多个体组成，这些个体 的总和称为 ，这是生物进化的 。 (3)小岛上能进行生殖的所有蜥蜴个体含有的全部基 因，称为蜥蜴的 。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (4)小岛上蜥蜴原种的脚趾逐渐出现两种性状，W代 表蜥蜴脚趾的分趾基因；w代表联趾(趾间有蹼)基因。 图2表示这两种性状比例变化的过程。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 由于蜥蜴过度繁殖，导致 加剧。 小岛上食物短缺，联趾蜥蜴个体比例反而逐渐上 升，其原因可能是 。 图2所示的过程说明，自然环境的变化引起不同 性状蜥蜴的比例发生变化，其本质是因为蜥蜴群体内的 发生了改变。 (5)从生物多样性角度分析，图2所示群体中不同个 体的存在反映了 多样性；若从分子水平检测这 种多样性，可采用的简便技术是 。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspos