chapter12英语翻译方法.ppt

吴宜涛 2013/6 Chapter 12 Translation of Long Sentences Contents 汉、英长句的特点 顺序翻译法 逆序翻译法 拆分翻译法 汉语和英语中都有长句，但在句子的结构上差异很大。 汉语是一种重意合、主题显著的语言，句子中的主谓成 分较难确认，尤其在长句中更是如此。汉语中连词的使 用频率远远没有英语中连词使用的频率高。尽管汉语句 子结构松散，但构句非常注重意义的连贯，起承转合一 般是隐含在字里行间的。“逻辑顺序”是汉语构句所遵循 的规律，在时间上重视“时间的先后顺序”，在逻辑上重 视“前因后果关系”。 英语的长句是由基础结构“主语+谓语”扩展开来的，其扩 展方式可以是增加句子的修饰语，也可以是增加并列成 分，或者是利用短语或从句充当句子成分。英语重形合 ，除句子的主语和谓语之外的其他成分往往是通过各种 连接手段（如使用介词、连词、关系代词和关系副词等 ）同主谓成分挂钩建句。英语句子内部的语义成分既有“ 顺序排列”，也有“逆序排列”，还有“插入式排列”等，比 如英语句子中的定语既有前置也有后置，状语性短语或 分句的位置也非常灵活。 Follow the Original Order From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological cooperation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation. 从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速 科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术，从而满足人们 诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健的基本需要。 The interests of peace prompt us to speak in restrained and measured language and to avoid any escalation of mutual recrimination which would be likely to compromise the patient and discreet quest for a peaceful settlement of this conflict. 和平的利益促使我们用克制而有分寸的语言来讲话，以 避免互相指责的升级，因为这种升级很可能会有损于耐 心、慎重地寻求和平解决这一冲突的办法。 我国目前正在修订专利法和商标法，拟议要修订的许多内 容都要进一步向国际标准和国际化靠拢；有的即使准备分 两步甚至三步走，那也是为了做好协调工作，稳妥前进， 避免欲速则不达。 China is at present revising its Patent Law and Trademark Law, and many of the contents recommended for revision are coming closer to international standards and internationalization; in respect of some other contents, although preparations are being made to revise them in two or even three steps, it is only for the sake of accomplishing the task of harmonization properly, ensuring steady progress and avoiding the hazard of “more haste, less speed”. Invert the Original Orde There is nothing more disappointing to a hotess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride. 对于一个劳心费力、颇费资财地款待客人的女主人 来说，如果客人只津津乐道于同自己的丈夫大谈政 治和生意而忽视了咖啡的浓香、蛋糕的松软或房屋 内考究的陈设这些女主人感兴趣并引以自豪的主要 所在，那么，没有什么比这更令她失望的了。 As a righteous intellectual, Im ashamed of the outrageous policy of intimidation emplyed by the die- hard conservatives who control the government to try to strangle social reform and to prevent the people from carrying forward their praiseworthy efforts towards building an ideal society. 操纵着我国政府的顽固保守分子，实行残暴的威吓政策， 企图扼杀社会改革并阻止人民为建立理想社会而做出的令 人称道的努力。作为一名具有正义感的知识分子，我对此 感到耻辱。 Split a Long Sentence into Shorter Parts or Sentences From what is stated above, it is learned that the suns heat can pass through the empty space between the sun and the atmosphere that surrounds the earth, and that most of the heat is dispersed through the atmosphere and lost, which is really what happenes in the practical case, but to what extent it is lost has not been found out. 由上述可知，太阳的热量可以穿过太阳与地球大气层之间的 真空，而大多热量在通过大气层时都扩散消耗了。实际发生 的情况正是如此。但是热量的损失究竟达到什么程度，目前 尚未弄清楚。 Morever, in China, government subsidies for housing and other necessities reduced household spending on these items to a mere 5%, compared with 20%-40% in other Asian countries. 此外，在中国，政府对住房和其他日用品进行补贴，使 家庭在这些项目的支出下降到只占整个家庭支出的百分 之五。在亚洲其他国家，这方面的支出却要占整个家庭 支出的20%至40%。 本世纪上半叶的上海曾经是中国工业、贸易、金融和商业 的中心，有着远东大都会浪漫而传奇的历史，吸引过不少 外来资本，因而一度成为“冒险家的乐园”。 In the first half of this century, Shanghai served as the industrial, trade, financial and commercial center of China. It attracted many foreign investors as a romantic oriental city and an adventurers paradise. Comprehensive Exercises In that same village, and in one of these very houses (which, to tell you the precise truth, was sadly time-worn and weather-beaten), there lived many years since, while the country was yet a province of Great Britain, a simple good-natured fellow of the name of Rip Van Winkle. 许多年前（那时这片土地还属于大不列颠），就在这同样 的一座村庄里，就在这同样的一所房子里（这类房子，说 实话，因年深月久、风吹雨打而破败不堪），一直住着一 个纯朴善良的人，他叫瑞普凡温克尔。 For whether the change is temporary and tactical, or lasting and basic, our task is essentially the same to transform that change into a permanent condition devoted to the purpose of a secure peace and mankinds aspiration for a better life. 因为不管这种变化是暂时性的、策略性的，抑或是持久 性的、根本性的，我们的任务从本质上讲都一样，那就 是，要把这种变化转换成一种长久局面这种局面致 力于实现牢靠的和平，致力于满足人类追求更加美好生 活的愿望。 四十年来（1），武汉杂技（2）在继承了传统杂技技巧 的基础上（3），大胆吸收（4）其他姊妹艺术之长（5 ），运用多种艺术手段（6）将布景、灯光、服装、道 具、美术融为一体（7），使杂技表演成为综合性的表 演艺术（8）。 For 40 years (1), based on traditional acrobatics techniques (3), Wuhan acrobatics (2) has absorbed bravely (4) the strong points of other arts (5) and mixed together scenery, lighting, costume and fine arts (7) by using all kinds of artistic methods (6) so that the acrobatic performance becomes a comprehensive art of performance (8). 凡外商投资企业有能力也愿意（1）与天津市工业企业（2）通过技术转 让、引进人才、技术帮助、经济支持等途径（3）共同开发（4）国家统 一经营以外的（5）制成品（6），特别是开发机电产品和精细化工产品 （7），并通过外方的销售渠道（8）直接为外国公司提供制成品（9）， 可以向市外经贸委申请扩大联合开发的业务（10）。 Where an enterprise is willing and able (1) to develop (4) the finished products (6) that are not subject (5) to the unified operation by the State through joint efforts with the industrial enterprises in Tianjin (2), particularly in respect of machinery and eletronic products and refined chemical products (7), by means of technology transfer, introduction of technical personnel, technical assistance and