语法填空题答题技巧指导.ppt

高考题型: 语 法 填 空 三种考察类型： 1. 纯空格试题 2. 给出了动词的试题 3. 词类转换题 从语法填空题的设置来看，至少应当包括以 下3个特点 一、考查语查语 法。每一个空格的设设置都必定涉 及到某一条或某几条语语法规则规则 ，不会单纯单纯 考查单词查单词 的拼写和词组词组 的用法。 例 1 In Greece, women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses, but they_ (allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 解析：因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系， 要用被动语态，用be allowed；由had, left可知be是一般过去式；主语是复数they ，be的过去式是were，答案是were allowed。 点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主 谓一致三条语法规则。 例 2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me. 解析：因为why 引导的定语从句，前面的先 行词一定是reason。 点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名 词，但实际上是考查定语从句。 This strategy suggests that teachers have conversations with students to learn about _. 1.缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词） Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees! it them With_the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was to blame. 2.名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代 词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的 宾语时，很可能是填介词 In the early stages of parenting, the positive aspects of having children are overshadowed by negative experiences, _ a lack of sleep, concerns about the childs well-being, or financial problems. like and Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, _ a sum of money. 3.若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词 ，可能是填连词 Write down everything you eat _ drink in a given day. and Teachers sometimes spend much time talking about students to their parents _ little time actually talking to students themselves. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct _ he needed evidence. but but theirOnce a year, people win this prize for _ work in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics, or world peace. 4.名词前是空格，若该名词前无限定词， 则很可能是填限定词，即冠词，形容词性 物主代词，名词所有格，基数词，序数词, 量词或some, any, other(s), another等； 5.若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间 没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连 接词 Its also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to _ you eat. This was very strange _ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it. what if Teachers should take advantage of the many methods _ can help them learn about their students. Then he returned to Russia to work with his father and mother, _ worked on explosive weapons. Many people said he was a bad person _he invented destructive weapons. Which/that who because 6.若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是 原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主 谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表 示强调或倒装的助动词（do, does, did ） To their credit, the four countries _ work together in some areas. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and _ be the centre of the solar system. do must 二、考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考 查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强 语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单 句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填 出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意 思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要 理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇 章。 例4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts 解析：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句 可确定要填cities。 点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并 理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。 三、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语 态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化 的空格. 例7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _(reach) a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 解析：reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词 的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状 语，故填reaching。 例8 It would be _ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends! 解析：因为在系动词be后作表语，要用believe 的形容词形式believable；由句意“这样一个 老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信!”可知，还 要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un，答案 为unbelievable。 1.给出了动词的试题 首先，要确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。 若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词。 若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。若句中已有谓 语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动 词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用Ving形式、Ved形式 ，还是用不定式形式（to do），确定方法如下： Ving形式表主动，进行 或介词后 Ved形式表被动，完成 To do形式表主动，将来，也作目 的状语、结果状语及形容词后的状 语 He got interested in two theories _ (explain) how cholera killed people. Nobel left his fortune _ (create) the Nobel Prize. He was most famous for _ (build) weapons of war. My eyes _(draw) to a package that had a picture of a fridge on it. explaining to create building were drawn John Snow, a well-known doctor in London, become _(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who _ (expose) to cholera. His parents company, _(call) “Future Tours”, _ (transport) me safely into the future in a time capsule. _ (worry) about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. inspired were exposed called transported Worried 2.词类转换题 作表语，定语或补语，通常用形容词形式 I helped him know he could be _ (help) to others. The students study the effects of _ (environment) realities. helpful environmental 作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，用名词形式 John Snow was able to announce with _ (certain). certainty 在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或“冠词+ 形容词”后，用名词形式 On December 10, the anniversary of the _ (die) of Nobel Recognizing what your bad eating habits are is of great _ (important) in correcting the behavior. This gave him a _(value) clue about the cause of the disease. death importance valuable 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子， 作状语，用副词形式 _ (sad) the library had moved from its original place into another building. By bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move _ (swift) . Sadly swiftly 有可能是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是 考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据 句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-， im-等，在词根后加-less等 Also the more children young couples have, the _ (happy) they become. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office. unhappier unnecessary 备考策略 1不断记忆，积累词汇。 2夯实基础，学好语法。 3大声朗读，培养语感。 4坚持不懈，多做练习。 Lets have a try: 2010年高考题(广东省) A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 1 water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 2 had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man 3 (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 4 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home 5 a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let 6 student taste the water. He spit it out, 7 (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 8?“ The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 9 (sweet).“ We understand this lesson best 10 we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. 1 water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 2 had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man 3 (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 4 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home 5 a happy hear