新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第四册 Unit 2 Section B The Political Career of a Female Politician.ppt

contents n h c e reading skills1 text study2 test yourself3 课文 自测 技巧 n h c e reading skills introduction like the other skills for your use, the like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.render you better able in reading. practice this practice is designed to help you this practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into the skill get a deeper insight into the skill special forspecial for this unit. this unit. 课文自测技巧 n h c e introduction:introduction: back 阅读实践 随 笔 facts or opinions facts are statements that tell us what really happened or really is the case whereas opinions are statements of beliefs, judgments, or feelings. it is not always easy to make a clear distinction between facts and opinions as writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions. there are some tips for distinguishing facts from opinions: 课文自测技巧 n h c e introductionintroduction： back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 1. test the writers opinion by asking whether a different opinion is possible. you do not have to agree with the different opinion or with the authors, for that matter. you just have to be able to see if there is another view. 2. look for words that interpret ones opinions such as pretty, ugly, handsome, dangerous, evil, attractive, well-dressed, good, etc. if we say a facts or opinions n h c e introductionintroduction： back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 girl is pretty or ugly, it is clear that it is only our point of view. words like probably, perhaps, usually, often, sometimes, on occasion are used to limit a statement of fact and to indicate the possibility of other opinions. other words say clearly that an opinion will follow; these are words like i believe, i think, in my opinion, i feel, i suggest, etc. facts or opinions n h c e introductionintroduction： back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 here are two examples taken from text a. but only charlie chaplin could have created the great comic character of “the tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame. (para. 1) example 1 facts or opinions n h c e introductionintroduction： back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 explanation even though the words only, great, permanent state opinions, the sentence states many facts charlie chaplin, created, comic character, the tramp, the little man in rags. even more important, the main point of the sentence is to state the fact that charlie chaplin created “the tramp”, which brought him fame. thus the sentence is basically factual. facts or opinions n h c e introductionintroduction： back 课文自测技巧 阅读实践 随 笔 this physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, are surely the secrets of chaplins great comedy. (para. 6) example 2 even though the words surely, secrets, great state opinions, the sentence states many facts physical transformation, the skill he executed with, again and again. the sentence is basically factual as it deals with charlie chaplins skills in performance. explanation facts or opinions n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 directions: in the following sentences from text b, pick out the words that present facts and those that present opinions. write “f” before each sentence that basically represents a fact; write “o” before each statement of opinion. then confirm your answers when reading the passage. n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 ( ) 1. yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: she ran for mayor of embu, kenya, and won. it is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. f words representing opinions: words representing facts: a most revolutionary thing six months ago; ran for mayor of embu, kenya, and won n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 ( ) 2. ms. mbogos victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the district council, all men. it is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. f words representing opinions: words representing facts: even more surprising was voted in by her colleagues on the district council, all men n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 ( ) 3. for the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of nairobi, ms. mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in kenya and across africa. it is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts. o words representing opinions: words representing facts: suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of nairobi n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 ( ) 4. one veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation. it is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions. f words representing opinions: words representing facts: many women had not been taught the basics of political participation one veteran female political activist said n h c e practicepractice back 课文自测技巧 阅读技巧 随 笔 ( ) 5. yet, political activity among kenyan women is not a new phenomenon. it is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts. o words representing opinions: words representing facts: not a new phenomenon political activity among kenyan women n h c e text study 1. new words1. new words 2. questions previewing2. questions previewing 3. passage reading3. passage reading 4. choice making4. choice making 课文自测技巧 n h c e new wordsnew words back 课文自测技巧 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 revolutionaryn./a. c 革命者 / 1. 革命的 2. 革 命性的；创新的 mayorn. c 市长 colleaguen. c 同事 launchvt.1. 发起；开始进行 2. 发射 ridiculousa.荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的 misunderstandv. 误解，误会 misunderstandingn. c, u 误解，误会 ambassadorn. 1. c 代表 2. c 大使 electionn. c, u 选举 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 activistn. c 积极分子；活动家 prayern. c 祷文，祷词 veterana./n. 有经验的；老练的 / c 老兵 basicsn.(pl.) 基本知识；基础原理 sackn./vt. c 袋；包 / 解雇；开除 gramn. c 克 loafn. c（条形）面包 sowvt. 播（种） spyvi. 从事间谍活动 coloniala. 殖民的；殖民地的 n h c e jealousa. 1. 小心守护的; 唯恐失去的 2. 妒忌的 assemblyn. 1. c 议会；立法机构 2. c, u 集会 3. u 装配组装 substantiala. 大量的；可观的 scandaln.c, u 丑闻 fiercea.激烈的 rallyn. c 集会 illegala. 不合法的，非法的 riotn. c 暴乱；骚乱 bannern. c 横幅；标语 back 课文自测技巧 new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 n h c e fundvt./n. 为提供资金；资助/ c 基金 ；专款 earnesta. 认真的；坚决的 dormitoryn. c 宿舍 lemonn.c, u 柠檬 emperorn.c 皇帝 refreshvt. 使振作精神；使恢复活力 refreshinga. 1. 令人耳目一新的 2. 提神的；令 人精神振作的 onionn. c 洋葱 back 课文自测技巧 new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 n h c e run for 竞选 vote in投票选出 spy on/upon 监视 shut out of 不允许做，使无法参与 have/gain the upper hand 占优势，占上风；控制 make up 构成，组成 break up 驱散，解散 tear down撕下，扯下 in/by contrast 相比之下 in earnest 认真地 back 课文自测技巧 new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 n h c e lay out1. 摆出，摆开 2. 安排；布置；设计 watch over 照顾，看管 deliver the goods 履行诺言 agatha muthoni mbogo 阿加莎墨丹妮姆波戈（人名） embu 恩布（肯尼亚城市） kenya 肯尼亚（东非国家） nairobi 内罗毕（肯尼亚首都） lydiah kimani 利迪亚基曼尼（人名） kenyan 肯尼亚人 back 课文自测技巧 new wordsnew words 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 问题预览 n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 for you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as required in the new type of examination “fast reading”, text b can serve to be your fast- reading material. but, for this to be achieved, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. that is where the “question previewing” comes in. introduction back 课文自测技巧 n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) according to the text. back 课文自测技巧 1. ms. mbogos victory surprised people greatly because she was the first female mayor in embu, kenya. 2. when ms. mbogo began running for the embu council, she already had experience in political career. n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 3. after ms. mbogo became a kenyan ambassador to a foreign country, women there began to understand her better. 4. kenyan women are taught to vote for those who could provide them with the necessities to live on. 5. traditionally, kenyan women are housewives, who can decide how to use the money of the family. back 课文自测技巧 n h c e questions previewingquestions previewing 词汇学习 课文阅读 随 笔 阅读理解 6. after winning her council seat, ms. mbogo joined the town planning committee, in which she could do more practical work for the town than she could in the education and social services committee. 7. ms. mbogo has never encountered any abuse in her political life. 8. ms. mbogo is now particularly welcomed by people of low social status. back 课文自测技巧 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 the political career of a female politician chinese para. 1 modest and soft-spoken, agatha muthoni mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary. yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: she ran for mayor of embu, kenya, and won. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese question 1 para. 2 ms. mbogos victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the district council, all men. for the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of nairobi, ms. mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in kenya and across africa. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese question 2 para. 3 ms. mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the embu council, facing the obstacles that often trouble african women running for political office. she had little money. she had no political experience. she faced ridiculous questions about her personal life. “my opponent kept insisting that i was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away, ” ms. mbogo said. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 4 ms. mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the towns women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her. she became an ambassador for womens political rights, giving speeches before womens groups and going from door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson. question 3 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 5 “i was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her,” said lydiah kimani, an embu farmer and political activist. “it was the answer to my prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that women cant lead.” n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 6a education of african women has become a top priority for political activists. one organization has held dozens of workshops in rural kenya to help women understand the nations constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese question 4 para. 6b one veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation. they are taught to vote for the one who “gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread” during the campaign, said the activist. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 7 women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions. those traditions teach that african women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands. they typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office. question 5 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 8 yet, political activity among kenyan women is not a new phenomenon. during the struggle for independence in the 1950s, kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces. but after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated across the continent. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 9 today, men still have the upper hand. women in kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the national assembly. no kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 10 against that background, agatha mbogo began her political career. after winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it “a womans committee”. she instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignment. question 6 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 11 then last year, she decided to challenge embus mayor, a veteran politician. ms. mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to kenyas rural areas “did not want to come here”. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 12 “we werent seeing things done for the community, ” she said. “it was a scandalthe donors money seemed to be going to individuals.” para. 13 after a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6. she said women in embu celebrated. men were puzzled; some were hostile. they asked, “how could all of those men vote for a woman? ” she recalled. question 7 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese question 7 para. 14a ms. mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however. some have said their supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies. last june, kenyan police attempted to break up a womens political meeting northwest of nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 14b when the 100 women, including a member of the national assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported. para. 15 in contrast, ms. mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 16 donor groups are now funding projects in embu in earnest. a new market is going up downtown. a 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital. a dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city. ms. mbogo is especially proud of the market and the hospital because “they have an impact on women”. n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 17 at the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor. para. 18 “i feel like if i have a problem, i can go to her office,” she said. “the other mayor shouted. he acted like an emperor. he did not want to hear my problems.” question 8 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 passage readingpassage reading 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 阅读理解 chinese para. 19 nearby, a man said he found ms. mbogo a refreshing change. “im tired of men,” he said, watching over his pile of onions. “they give us so many promises, but they dont deliver the goods. as long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right.” question 8 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 choice making directions: decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) according to the text. 1. ms. mbogos victory surprised people greatly because she was the first female mayor in embu, kenya. 2. when ms. mbogo began running for the embu council, she already had experience in political career. f t refer to para. 2 refer to para. 3 n h c e back 课文自测技巧 reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 3. after ms. mbogo became a kenyan ambassador to a foreign country, women there began to understand her better. 4. kenyan women are taught to vote for those who could provide them with the necessities to live on. 5. traditionally, kenyan women are housewives, who can decide how to use the money of the family. f t refer to para. 4 refer to para. 6 refer to para. 7 f n h c e back 课文自测技巧 reading comprehensionreading comprehension 词汇学习 问题预览 随 笔 课文阅读 6. after w