新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第三册 Unit 8 Section A Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning1.ppt

contents aalead - in bbpre-reading c c text studytext study ddsummarysummary n h c e e e writing 课文小结预习写作 lead - inlead - in n h c e interactive mode iv4. interactive mode iii3. interactive mode ii2. interactive mode i1. our topic today is “cloning”. cloning, as its name implies, is the genetic term for producing an exact copy of an animal or plant by developing artificially a cell from it. but the birth of dolly, a mammal clone, is like setting the cat among the pigeons. n h c e lead - in back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 tips n h c e interactive mode i q. 1 why did the birth of dolly become the focus of world opinion? 1) because it stood for a big breakthrough in the genetic engineering; 2) because it became possible to clone human beings; 3) because it was a deformed product of science; 4) tips back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 tips n h c e q. 2 what could cloning really do for us? tips interactive mode ii back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 although the birth of dolly caused quite a stir in the world, the scientists worldwide never stopped their efforts to clone more different mammals, such as pigs, cows, goats, dogs, etc. now my next question is: 1) for medical purposes, such as cloning animal models of disease, 2) for the purpose of reviving endangered or extinct species, so as to 3) for the purpose of reproducing a deceased pet. for example, 4) for the purpose of cloning humans, but 5) n h c e interactive mode iii now lets listen to a passage and then go on with our lead-in. key words: had a clone free time / wash clothescook dinner take care of . / go to the office for me do everything i dislike / relax travel. / wait love the clone more than me / one theyd go to with their problems / give them advice and love / miss this /changed my mind / terrible tipstips back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 tips n h c e q. 3 what are the arguments for human cloning? tips interactive mode iii back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 from the passage we have just heard, we can tell that the person concerned is still unsure about whether she should have a clone or not. if she had a clone, on the one hand, she would enjoy more freedom; but on the other, she would miss something exclusive to her. my next question is: 1) more possibility of creating a human repair kit; 2) more chances of raising an identical child after an unfortunate death; 3) more hope of meeting the desire of infertile couples for children; 4) tips n h c e q. 4 what are the arguments against cloning? 1) violation of nature by destroying the normal reproductive process; 2) potential threat to the diversity of human societies; 3) possibility of creating extremists as new challenges to the world peace; 4) tips interactive mode iv back课文小结预习写作 mode i mode ii mode iii mode iv 随 笔 for conclusion topic-centered lead-in n h c e factor iiifactor iii author factor iifactor ii factor ifactor i the world were also worried about its legality and morality. afflicted with that, the author saw it as necessary to make the issue known to all. the birth of dolly suggested that human clones were within reach. the world were curious about what human cloning could do for us. 随 笔 factors for the birth of the text back课文小结预习写作 pre-readingpre-reading n h c e watch and discusswatch and discuss 2 new wordsnew words 3 课文小结导入写作 1 background information n h c e back课文小结导入写作 生词学习随 笔 background information 视频讨论 dolly: dolly (july 5, 1996 february 14, 2003) , a ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. she was cloned at the roslin institute in the united kingdom and lived there until her death when she was 6. on 2003-04-09 her stuffed remains were placed at edinburghs royal museum, part of the national museums of scotland. n h c e watch 毁灭性的 nonfatala.非致命的 tissuen. 1. u（ 动植物细胞）组织 2. c纸巾 n h c e new words back课文小结导入写作 背景知识 视频讨论随 笔 technician n. c 技术人员； 技师 infant n. c 婴儿 confusion n. 1. u 困惑；迷惑 2. u 混乱状态 editorial a./ n. 编辑的/ c 社论 cloneen. c 被克隆的东西 deliberate a./ v. 故意的； 蓄意的/ 认真考虑 specifically ad. 1.明确地；具体地 2. 特别地； 特定地 classify vt. 分类； 归类 inhabitant n. c 栖居者； 居民 debatev./ n. 讨论； 辩论/ c, u 讨论； 辩论 n h c e new words back课文小结导入写作 背景知识 视频讨论随 笔 within reach 可获得的; 够得着的 come to life 活跃起来； 栩栩如生 in the wake of 随着而来； 作为的结果 in the first place 一开始； 起初; 首先， 第一 fall into 可分成； 属于 break apart 裂开； 破裂 in theory 从理论上讲 identical to/ with 与一模一样 and so forth/ on 等等 what if . 要是怎么办 n h c e new words back课文小结导入写作 背景知识 视频讨论随 笔 with. in mind 考虑到某人（事） get around 成功地解决； 克服 refer to 称呼， 叫; 提及， 谈到 under the name of 用别名 puzzle over 绞尽脑汁； 冥思苦想 wonder about 对好奇； 想知道；对疑 惑 dolly 多莉（羊） clinton 克林顿（美国前总统） judith martin 朱迪斯马丁（人名） miss manners 礼仪小姐 text studytext study n h c e 预习小结导入写作 topic-centered analysis of text1 detailed reading of text2 abridgement of text3 topic-centered analysis of text n h c e back预习小结导入写作 the text develops according to the pattern of “backgroundresponsepuzzlereiteration”. it begins with the background to possibility of human cloning, to which the world responded with quick and preventive actions. then, it lists as many as 6 puzzles or questions on the issue of human cloning. the last part serves to reaffirm the authors worry about the matter. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 how would you develop the topic as a writer? n h c e back预习小结导入写作 topic-centered analysis of text 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 puzzlespuzzles structure main idea responsesresponses backgroundbackground main ideamain idea ? ? devices for developing it (devices) ? conclusionconclusion legal and moral implications of cloning 结构分析 n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 1 at first it was just plain surprising. word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammalan achievement long thought impossiblecaught the imagination of everyone. the laboratory process that produced dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. a world with human clones was suddenly within reach. it was science fiction coming to life. legal and moral implications of cloninglegal and moral implications of cloning 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading structural analysis? n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 2 in the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. president clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. leaders in europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading 句型 n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 3 like the theory of relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, dollys appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. and wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading structural analysis? 句型 n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 4 why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? para. 5 the human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 6 will it be possible to clone the dead? para. 7 perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. the cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the dna of the person to be cloned. (dna is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) and that means that the nucleus must be intact. cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. but, yes, in theory at least it might be possible. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 8 would a cloned human be identical to the original? para. 9a identical genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. in fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 9b parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading n h c e back预习小结导入写作 para. 10a even in terms of biology, a clone would not be identical to the “master copy”. the clones cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. but most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. the one possible exception is bearing children. 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading para. 10b the scientists responsible for the successful cloning are not sure that dolly will be able to have lambs. they will try to find out once shes old enough to breed. para 11 what if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading para. 12 most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. but some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent. n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading para. 13 if cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt have to worry about cloning twins for transplants. pigs, for example, have organs similar in size to humans. but the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. to get around that, one company is trying to alter the pigs genetic code to prevent pig organs from being attacked. if the companys technicians succeed, it may be more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods. n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading 句型 para. 14 how would a human clone refer to the donor of its dna? para. 15a “mom” is not right, because the woman who supplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called mother. “dad” isnt right, either. a traditional father supplies only half the dna in a child. n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading para. 15b judith martin, in her writings under the name of “miss manners”, suggests the phrase, “most honored sir or madam”. why? “one should always respect ones ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the world.” n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading 句型 para. 16 that still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. the editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun “clonee” may sound like a good term, but its not clear enough. instead, he prefers “original” and “copy”. para. 17 what are the other implications of cloning for society? n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading para. 18a the gravest concern isnt really cloning itself, but genetic engineering the deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: “the clones”. one expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, n h c e back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading 句型 para. 18b when europeans puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the americas, and endlessly debated whether or not they were humans. para. 19 the list of questions could go on; people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning. n h c e back预习小结导入写作 structural analysis? 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 text analyzing and reading structural analysis? 句型 abridgement of text n h c e now that we become more at home with the organization of the text, as shown in the tree structure above, what can we derive from the text in order to abridge it into an three-paragraph essay. lets see what can be derived from the text for our purpose first: back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 abridgement of text n h c e legal and moral implications of cloninglegal and moral implications of cloning para. 1 word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammalan achievement long thought impossiblecaught the imagination of everyone. with dolly brought into the world, a world with human clones was suddenly within reach. in the wake of that news, therefore, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. in effect, the birth of dolly, back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 abridgement of text n h c e like the theory of relativity and the first space flight, has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. para. 2 thus, among the puzzles or questions that mount on the legal and moral implications of cloning, six major ones are herein provided with complete or partial answers from the up-to-date knowledge. 1) why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 abridgement of text n h c e according to experts, the human cloning situations fall into two categories: one is to clone a child for providing transplants or replacing a dying child; and the other is to clone an adult for a variety of reasons. 2) will it be possible to clone the dead? it is possible in theory, as one expert says, if the body is fresh. 3) would a cloned human be identical to the original? as is known to all, identical genes dont produce identical people. 4) what if parents decided to clone a back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 abridgement of text n h c e child in order to harvest organs? it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. 5) how would a human clone refer to the donor of its dna? there has not been an ideal solution yet to the puzzle. 6) what are the other implications of cloning for society? the gravest concern isnt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberate creation of human beings by altering genes according to certain requirements. back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 abridgement of text n h c e para. 3 the list of questions could go on; people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning. back预习小结导入写作 课文阅读 随 笔 课文缩写 结构分析 summarysummary n h c e english equivalents of chineseenglish equivalents of chinese creative application of typical expressionscreative application of typical expressions further application of typical patternsfurther application of typical patterns summarysummary 预习课文导入写作 句型应用 短语活用 随 笔 summary n h c e 1. 成功地做了某事 2. 可获得的; 够得着的 3. 随着, 紧跟着 4. 为起草指导方针 5. 在理论上 6. 与一模一样 7. 要是怎么办？ 8. 担心，担忧 9. 对感到困惑 10. 对好奇; 想知 道 to succeed in doing sth. to be within reach in the wake of to draft guidelines for in theory to be identical to/ with what if? to be concerned about/ over to puzzle over to wonder about back预习课文导入写作 summary n h c e 1.适用于;为 工作: 2.活跃起来;栩栩如生 : 3.裂开;破裂: 4. 根据;按照: 5.生（孩子）;实现: to work for to come to life to break apart in terms of to bring sth. / sb. into the world 句型应用 短语互译 随 笔 back预习课文导入写作 take a stroll / the fat around ones waist she worked off the fat around her waist by taking a stroll every day. 消除;排除;消解: 从事于;致力于;影响: 计算;产生好结果: to work off to work on to work out 通过天天散步，她腰部 的脂肪逐渐减少。 知 识 链 接 活 学 活 用意 群 提 示back summary n h c e 句型应用 短语互译 随 笔 back预习课文导入写作 ones heroic undertaking / our national spirit their heroic undertaking has infused a new life into our national spirit. 赋予生机;给予活力: 死里逃生;仅以身免: 生活得以安顿;成家: to infuse a new life into to escape with bare life to settle in life 他们的壮举赋予我们 的民族魂以新活力。 知 识 链 接 活 学 活 用意 群 提 示 summary n h c e 句型应用 短语互译 随 笔 back back预习课文导入写作 the team competition / draw to an end / ever -louder cheers with the team competition drawing to an end, ever-louder cheers broke forth from the audience. 迸发: 脱离: 断交: to break forth from to break free from to break up with 随着团体赛的即将结束 ,观众中迸发出越来越 大的欢呼声。 知 识 链 接 活 学 活 用意 群 提 示 summary n h c e 句型应用 短语互译 随 笔 back back预习课文导入写作 be