英语基础写作训练策略.doc

英语基础写作训练策略写作是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。英语作文要求学生能够准确使用语法、词汇和一定的句型，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。因此，应用语法结构和词汇的准确性是英语写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。写作是高考中重要且难度较大的题型，因为基本功不扎实，和受母语习惯的干扰，学生在作文时总会出现这样或者那样的问题，例如，文体不符、词汇误用、中式英语、句子过于单一等，影响作文的得分。针对学生英语作文中普遍存在的问题及高考英语作文评分标准，特制定以下写作训练目标： 审好题，立好意；开好头，结好尾；用好词，造好句；时态正确，人称妥当；书写规范，词数适中。一、学生英语作文中存在的主要问题(一)影响英语作文得高分的主要缺点1.文不对题（文体格式不规范）；2.离题太远（抓不到要点，该说的不说，不该说的说的太多）；3.词不达意（用词不准，用汉语标注、留空等）；4.病句太多（时态、语态、人称、数等语法错误）；5.卷面不工整（字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头等）。(二)英语作文中的常见错误:1.中式英语屡见不鲜 中学生学英语时较注重词汇的固定意义，而忽视其语用意义，忽略对语境的理解，完全是用英语单词写汉语句子，这就导致大量中国式英语的产生。用这种英语进行交流，或闹出笑话或让对方迷惑不解，不知所措；用这种英语写出的作文当然没有可读性。1) the hope of my parents is very high.（误） our parents expect too much of us.（正）2) there is 30% students take part in the english corner.（误） 30% students take part in the english corner.（正）3) our school has taken place great changes.（误）great changes have taken place in our school.（正）4) have money can do many things.（误）5）you ask me, i ask who?（误）2.句子基本结构不清楚1）句子很长， 但是没有谓语。professor wang who coming from shandong university giving us a lecture about how to learn english.2）动词直接充当主语或句子充当主语。play computer games has a bad effect on us.we read english every day is of great help to our english learning.3.时态错误1）时态使用紊乱。单纯的说时态结构及意义，许多学生都能说出，但是提笔一写，就把一切规则都忘了，要么不管不顾全用一般现在时，要么时态用错。2）时态结构错误。有时虽然知道该用什么时态却不能写出正确的时态结构。如使用完成时态时用have/ had搭配动词原形等。i have make up my mind to work hard.4主谓一致错误 在英语使用中要注意主谓一致原则。很多学生写完主语后就把它抛到一边，不考虑谓语和主语有着密切的关系。many people is doing morning exercise in the park now.the students as well as the teacher likes the music very much.5.动词与主语关系不清误：i saw an old man going out of city park and was about to cross park road. 正：i saw an old man going out of city park and he was about to cross park road.误：but the car ran off immediately instead of stopping to apologize to the man. 正：but the driver drove off immediately instead of stopping to apologize to the man.5.句型太复杂以致出错写作强调的是内容连贯，句子通顺，语言流畅，注重句子与句子之间衔接。使用较多语法结构和词汇并不等于句子越复杂越好。有些学生为了写复杂句（长句子），过度使用从句和各种分词等，致使文章冗长、词不达意、错误百出，效果适得其反。误：a sportsman was giving a speech which rather interesting.正: a sportsman was giving a rather interesting speech.6.单词拼写错误parent & peasant & present sun & son attack & attract blood & flood & floor praise & prize & price feel & felt & felldelighted & delightfulconsiderate & considerable7.大小写和标点符号错误 一般来说，每句话的首字母要大写，人名、地名和专有名词的首字母要大写。但是由于英语是按句子结构断句，而汉语是按句意断句，很多学生按照汉语的习惯，在该写句号的地方仍然写逗号，这样就导致该大写的地方也没有大写。二、针对以上问题的写作策略(一)加强简单句训练，注重句子结构1关注主语主语是句子所叙述的主体，说明句子讲的人或事,是句子的龙头,要避免用错主语。可以做主语的有：名词 shanghai is in the east of china. 代词 i bought a new book.数词 three and three makes six. 不定式 to check carefully is necessary. 动名词 smoking is harmful to health. 名词化的形容词 the old should be taken good care of. 主语从句 what he said is not true. 形式主语 it is a good habit to get up early.2聚焦谓语 谓语用来说明主语的动作或状态,一般放在主语后, 它是一个句子的灵魂与焦点。要避免用错谓语。谓语动词常可概括为三种:1.实意/行为动词 i love my motherland. dad bought me a bike last sunday. bill kept us laughing all through supper.2.情态动词+原形 can/may/must/need/shall/will +do can you finish the work tonight? she must be waiting for you for a long time. the new term will begin soon.3.系表结构1) be + 形/副/介短/分词/不定式/从句 mary is careful with money. she is a student studying in no 2 high school. we were shocked at the shocking news. she is no longer what she used to be. my dream is to become a doctor in future.2) look/sound/smell/taste/feel +adj. 起来 he looked upset at the bad result. the answer sounds reasonable. the food tastes delicious.3) become/grow/turn +adj./n. 变 our school becomes much better. he grows very tall. she turned doctor at the age of 18.(二)加强一句多译训练，培养灵活性注重句式多种表达方式，主要可以培养学生的灵活性，同时不同程度的学生都有相应的收获。可以采用以下方式训练。1.运用同义词。他上星期生病了。he got ill last week.he was ill last week.he fell ill last week.he became ill last week.he was in bad health last week.he was not feeling well last week.2.运用同一词语的不同句式结构。他写那篇文章花了三个星期。it took him three weeks to finish the article.the article took him three weeks.it took three weeks for him to write the article.to write the article took him three weeks.writing the article took him three weeks.3.运用简单句与复合句的互换。1) the man standing there is a policeman. the man who is standing there is a policeman.2) what we should do next is unknown. what to do next is unknown.3) we are thinking of how we should finish the work in time. we are thinking of how to finish the work in time.4.运用不同的句式结构。1) 他做完练习后, 便出去了。after he finished the exercises, he went out.having finished the exercises, he went out.after finishing the exercises, he went out.the exercises finished, he went out.2) 他是昨天下午到的。he came here yesterday afternoon.he didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.it was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here .3) 两天后他就要过生日了。his birthday is two days away.his birthday is in two days. his birthday is in two days time.it will be two days before he celebrates his birthday. 4) 我碰巧遇见他的叔叔。i came across his uncle.i ran across his uncle. i happened to meet his uncle. 在做题时，要善于避生就熟。如某个词、某个句型想不起来时，可采用“回避”的方法，在不改变原有意思的前提下，转换为自己熟悉和有把握的词语和句型来表达题中所规定的内容要点。 5) 游客纷至沓来a large number of visitors come here. there are lots of visitors coming here every day. many people visit here every day. a lot of people pay a visit here every day. (三)加强补充句子训练，注意选词的准确性这一练习主要针对过渡性词汇和固定搭配。过渡性词汇和短语的使用，可以增强文章的连贯性，逻辑性和可读性。根据中文意思，将下列英文句子补充完整。1.你给了我许多帮助，也给了我许多鼓舞。总之，没有你我不能成功。you gave me much help and encouragement. _ _ _, i couldnd have succeeded without you.2.总的说来，你的回答不太令人满意。_ _ _, your answer is not so satisfyingfar from satisfactory.3.一般说来没物理比数学难学得多。_ _, physics is much more difficult than mathematics.4.令我满意的是，他数学考试得了满分。_ _ _, he got full marks in the mathematics exam.5.令我惊恐的是， 我看见他从树上摔了下来。_ _ _, i saw him fall down from the tree.6.这辆自行车真的很漂亮，然而我没钱买。this bike is really very beautiful. _, i have no money to buy it.7.他首先去了法国，然后又去了美国。first, he went to france; _ he went to america.8.令我高兴的是， 我终于说服她改变了主意。_ _ _ . i finally persuaded her to change her mind.9.一开始他反对我的计划， 但最后他支持我的计划了。at first he was against my plan, but _ _ _ he was for it.10.你必须购买一些生活必需品。你必须了解一些关于这个国家的信息。总之， 你必须为这次旅行做好准备。you should buy some living necessities. you should learn something about this country. _ _ _, you must get everything ready for this journey.(四)加强常规短语的小结及运用，养成积累好习惯be getting on well with ones study take several courses at school work hard at put ones heart intobe interested in be fond of like chemistry best be good at ; do well in ; be weak in make progress in ; fail in ; be tired of do good / harm to would like to do sth. feel like doing sth.prefer to do rather than do sth.make every effort to do sth.spare no effort to do sth.have a great effect / influence on sb./sth.be closely related to (五)用好关联词，注重文章的逻辑性 在写作的过程中,关联词的应用非常关键，它会使文章结构严密，逻辑性强，也会增加文章的说服力和感染力。使用一定的关联词，使行文连贯是高考作文评分的一个重要方面。学生应该养成在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用过渡性关联词语的习惯。1.表达普遍规律generally speakingin generalall in allgenerally speaking, it is not so cold in february. 一般说来，二月份不是很冷。all in all, drinking isnt so good to us. 总的说来，喝酒对我们没有什么好处。2.表示总结 in a wordin shortin briefon the wholein conclusionsmoking costs us much money and it can easily cause a big fire. in a word, smoking can do us much harm.吸烟耗费许多金钱，而且容易造成火灾。总之，吸烟会给我们带来很多危害。she is kind; she is diligent; she is clever. in short, she is a good girl.她善良、勤奋、聪明。总之，她是一个好女孩。3.表示情绪 to ones joy to ones surpriseto ones disappointment to ones pride to ones satisfaction to ones horror 4.表示转折关系 howevernevertheless on the contrary on the other handthis problem is very difficult. however，it is very important.这个问题很难，然而很重要。there was no news; nevertheless, she went on hoping. 尽管毫无音讯，她还盼望者。5.表示顺序 first；second；thenat last；in the end；finallyto begin withat the same time；meanwhileyou have many things to do. first, you should clean the room. 你有许多事情要做，首先应该打扫一下房间。he stay