英语词汇学1.ppt

english lexicologyenglish lexicology 英語詞彙學英語詞彙學 “ “英语词汇学英语词汇学” ”教学大纲教学大纲 n英语语言分析的一个独立的层面 n英语词汇本身的历史演变与影响 其发展的社会文化结合起来 n多视角 “授之以漁” n社会生活的语言事实 nmore matter, less art. 教学内容教学内容 及学时安排及学时安排 主干教材：主干教材： 汪榕培汪榕培 英语词汇学高级教程英语词汇学高级教程 1 1 界定、研究范围；系统、结构研究界定、研究范围；系统、结构研究 2 2 历史、历史、文化文化研究；国别、社会研究研究；国别、社会研究 3 3 新词、修辞研究；新词、修辞研究；英汉对比研究英汉对比研究 参考书参考书 n散见 nextensions n阴阳五行与汉语词汇学（岳 麓书社）、语言与文化 考核考核 n限选题 登记序号（ref no.） n选写一篇论文（题目不重复） 在两周内完成 n用中文写 3500字 先修先修 n林承璋 an introduction to english lexicology 或或 n陆国强现代英语词汇学 “博观而约取，厚积而薄发” 教学相长 8 qs when words are transparent? what synonyms are called triplets? which of the following indo- european languages is of germanic: (a) welsh, (b) modern greek, (c) french, (d) polish, (e) afrikaans, (f) bengali? if you twist the word hasten, you get the capital of greece, athens. which capital do you get if you twist shin-like? cut off the head of a small piece of wood and a part of your body is left. what are they? how do you pronounce ghoti in a way of bernard shaw? whose elementary spelling book helped standardized american spelling, used as basic text in schools for frontier children? who wrote if vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat？ nenglish is a crazy language n n a wordaholica wordaholic n n mensa mensa 身边的词汇素材身边的词汇素材 n十字街头的语言文字 陈晓宁 n其实你不懂我的“新” n“要是生个男孩儿，你吃啥有啥” n“朋来先敬” ncarrefour, ikea n“卧佛寺” n混的mba n都市“白骨精” n关爱aids n“特困生” nlexis ，lexicon，word-form lexeme 词位 nlexicology noah webster lexikos + logia philology linguistics semiology 现代英语词汇学的界定现代英语词汇学的界定 现代英语词汇学的研究范围现代英语词汇学的研究范围 nmorphology nenglishes netymology ncorpora nfuzzy “ “观物观物取象取象比类比类体道体道” ” n索绪尔 saussure synchronic、diachronic approaches ninductive deductive演绎法, accepted since aristotle nempiricism rationalism post-impressionistspost-impressionists nmorpheme netymologically monet “impression: sunrise” nconnotatively fleeting image nczanne van gogh gauguin (tahiti) 8 processes of word-formation8 processes of word-formation naffixation impossible, twelfth nfull conversion （zero derivation） export ncomposition（3 compounds: solid, hyphenated, open） bedtime, head-in-sand, bird farm nclipping bobos 布波族 bourgeois + bohemian acronyms ielts nblending 拼缀法 camgirl，dawk nback-formation authorauth 创作 nby analogy crediholic, mouse potato nonomatopoeia (echoic words) quack secondary onomatopoeiasecondary onomatopoeia nsn- sniff, snore; snap, snatch; sneak, snail, snake nsl- slide, slip; slut, sly nsk- skate, skin motivation motivation 词的理据词的理据 nsynchronically 楦 ndiachronically treow npanchronically “木” tre arbre rbol lbero baum juliet: whats in a name? that which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. 4 tendencies in 4 tendencies in semantic changessemantic changes denotatively ngeneralization / extension holiday nspecialization / narrowing deer as in king lear connotativelyconnotatively nelevation / amelioration executive ndegradation / deterioration cunning 英语词汇的系统研究与结构研究英语词汇的系统研究与结构研究 nassociative 栅性系统 think-link field ncombinational 线性结构 nsaussures paradigmatic 聚合 nfat（faett norwegian fett） , chubby, podgy, fleshy, plump（plomp, echoic）, obese, stout, buxom, portly, corpulent, adipose, tubby, rotund ，bbw 英语词汇的系统研究英语词汇的系统研究 thesaurusthesaurus ncultural background n n eagle; hawkeagle; hawk n n owlowl zenithzenith: : nadirnadir: : (a)(a)delaware: hawaii delaware: hawaii (b)(b)rhode island: nevada rhode island: nevada (c)(c)libido: lust libido: lust (d)(d)genesis: perceval genesis: perceval (e)(e)grenade: shieldgrenade: shield antonymsantonyms a really a really woman would woman would never be never be enough to think enough to think that she is always right.that she is always right. (a)(a)aggressive picky aggressi