2019电大西方经济学复习大纲参考资料（2019春可用）.doc

西方经济学复习大纲一、考试题型、分数比例1、单项选择题（15题，15分）2、多项选择题（5题，15分）3、判断题（10题，10分）4、名词配伍题（5题，10分）5、简答题（2题，20分）6、计算题（2题，15分）7、论述题（1题，15分）二、复习方法1、第1、7、9、11、17章不作为考试重点2、单项选择题、多项选择题、判断题三种题型重点复习导学上相应的题型(见导学参考答案)；3、计算题范围：宏观、微观各1道，重点掌握：计算：均衡价格和弹性，消费者均衡、利润最大化，生产要素，国民收入与乘数 4、简答题、论述题是考核说明中的重点掌握的内容，名词配伍题由于作了较大调整，请大家按照考核说明上的规定组织复习。第二章 供求理论一、重点名词 需求规律 供给规律 均衡价格 需求的收入弹性 二、重点掌握1需求量的变动与需求变动的异同。2. 影响需求价格弹性的因素3需求价格弹性的含义、计算公式、图形及影响因素。第三章 效用理论一、重点名词 收入效应 无差异曲线 预算线 总效用 边际效用 替代效应 二、重点掌握1总效用与边际效用的变动规律2无差异曲线、预算线和消费者均衡。3. 从序数效用理论分析，消费者均衡的条件，为什么？第四章 生产与成本理论一、重点名词 机会成本 边际收益 边际技术替代率 二、重点掌握2等产量曲线的特征3等成本线的特征4一种可变生产要素的合理投入区域5什么是边际报酬递减规律？这一规律发生作用的条件是什么？ 第五章 厂商均衡理论一、重点名词完全竞争 寡头垄断 垄断竞争 二、重点掌握1完全竞争市场的短期均衡与长期均衡（包括边际收益曲线与平均收益曲线）。2完全垄断市场的短期均衡与长期均衡（包括边际收益曲线与平均收益曲线）。3. 厂商利润公式是什么？厂商利润最大化的条件是什么？第六章 分配理论一、重点名词洛伦兹曲线 利率 二、重点掌握1劳动供给曲线为什么是向后弯曲的？2. 土地的供给曲线及地租的决定第八章 市场失灵与微观经济政策一、重点名词外部经济 逆向选择 公共物品二、重点掌握1外部性及解决对策。2. 科斯定理及其评述。第十章 简单国民收入决定模型一、重点名词 边际消费倾向 投资乘数二、重点掌握1短期消费曲线与长期消费曲线的异同。2投资乘数形成的原因、作用、发挥作用的条件、及其计算公式。第十二章 总需求与总供给模型一、重点名词 总需求 总供给 二、重点掌握1总需求曲线为什么向右下方倾斜2总供给曲线的种类及其特点。第十三章 失业与通货膨胀一、重点名词失业率 通货膨胀 滞涨二、重点掌握1失业的含义、种类及对经济发展的影响2通货膨胀的种类、成因及对经济发展的影响。第十四章 财政理论与政策一、重点名词财政政策 政府购买支出乘数 转移支付乘数 税收乘数二、重点掌握1财政政策的内容。2. 政府购买支出乘数与转移支付乘数的区别。3自动稳定器的作用及其波动的意义。第十五章 货币理论与政策一、重点名词货币政策 公开市场业务 再贴现二、重点掌握1公开市场业务的含义及应用。2再贴现的含义及应用3存款准备率的含义及应用。4.货币政策的内容及应用第十六章 国际贸易理论与对外经济政策一、重点名词经济开放度 国际收支平衡表二、重点掌握1资源禀赋理论。2. 对外贸易乘数及其作用的局限性。论述题：微观第五章、宏观第十章、第十三章、第十四章、第十五章 、第十六章请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each others face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleagu