外文翻译---基于电子商务的航空公司成本控制.docx

附 录Airline Cost Control Based on E-commerceAbstractAirlines operating situation is not good nowadays. At this situation, cost control is very important to airline. It is a new idea and method for airline to using computer and network oriented information technology to cost control. Firstly, this article analyses the airlines cost composition, then describes how to use e-commerce to control cost of airline in air material cost, sales expenses, financial expenses, administrative expenses and so on. Finally, based on service-oriented architecture technology, this article also describes how to integrate information resources within and outside the airline to build air e-commerce platform, which not only helps airline cost control, but also helps airline innovative business model to improve the competitiveness of enterprise. Keywords-airline; e-commerce; cost control; service-oriented architecture I. INTRODUCTION Since the Great Depression, 2009 went into the history books as the worst year the air transportation industry has ever seen. Passenger transportation demand dropped 3.5 percent while cargo transportation demand suffered an even bigger hit, falling 10.1 percent. All over the world, 30 airlines have ceased business due to lack of funds, 14 of which went out of business. This year, as the global economic recovery, demand for the air traffic has improved significantly. Statistics show that the situation is moving in the right direction. During the World Air Transport Summit held in June, IATA said: The global air transportation industrys most difficult times are over, but challenges remain. It will take at least three years to recover the $81 billion drop in revenues in 2009. Compared to the difficult situation of foreign airlines, China Airlines are in the better situation, but should not be too optimistic. In 2009, Chinas civil aviation industry achieved revenue of 212 billion yuan with profit of 7.4 billion, however, which was mainly caused by appreciation of the RMB exchange gains and jet fuel hedging. II. AIRLINE COST ANALYSIS Cost of Chinas airlines is composed of operating cost, sales expenses, administrative expenses, finance charges, aviation infrastructure construction funds, tax and associate charges and other costs. Operating cost accounts for about 73% of the total cost, which includes about 24% in fuel cost, 18% in the aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, 13% in the airport landing and service fees, 9% in the air material cost, and 9% in wage cost and other. Basically fuel cost, aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, airport landing and service fees are non-controllable cost. Because the China Aviation Oil Holding Company almost entirely controls the import, storage, transportation of jet fuel. The domestic airlines have not alternative channel of long-term effective fuel supply, so they are powerless in controlling fuel cost. Similarly, the China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Corporation is plenipotentiary of Chinese airlines for foreign plane purchasing, so the airlines can not play their orders directly to the aircraft manufacturers, which makes the purchasing price of aircraft at a high level. Moreover, most of the domestic airports are in the regional monopoly status. The available choices for airlines are very limited, so the airlines have no bargaining power. Therefore, the airlines should control cost from the relative controllable aspects.III. USING E-COMMERCE TO AIRLINE COST CONTROLE-commerce refers to not only internet-based transaction but also all activities using electronic information technology on increasing publicity, lowering cost, adding value and creating business opportunities, which including a series of trade activities of procurement, product, storage, transportation, display, order and payment through the network. Now, in the most of Chinas airlines, e-commerce is limited to e-ticket. However, the fact is that many other airline businesses can be achieved through e-commerce. E-business is ideal platform for airline to implement cost control. IV. SOA-BASED AIRLINE E- COMMERCE PLATFORMSOA(service-oriented architecture) is the service-oriented software developing idea and architecture, which is to solve business integration problem in the internet environment. SOA neutrally defines standardized interfaces, which can make services based on different hardware platforms, operating systems, even different programming languages communicate with each other to achieve cross-platform portfolio of services. For the reason, the SOA-based airline e-commerce platform can unite airlines information systems of different architectures together. In addition, SOA is dynamic flexibility, so this e-commerce platform can meet demand of expansion of airline business in the future. The SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will target the establishment of core business function controlled on airlines own. Its background support system is build on the basic business functions, such as the departure control system, agent distribution system, tariffs system, payment system, frequent flyer system, air material inventory and procurement system, operation control system, financial management system, which support business logic by enterprise service bus, while business logic provide unique services to all channel applications in the consistent and flexible way. In a word, the SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will not only enable airline control product, channel, customer effectively, but also enable airline have a strong direct sales capabilities and cooperation initiative for B2B. Meanwhile, through this e-commerce platform, customer will receive consistent, seamless services, which help improve customer loyalty and revenue contribution. V. CONCLUSION In the information age, using computer-based, network-centric information technology to control cost is a new idea and method for airline. The SOA-based airline e-commerce platform can fully integrate airline internal systems and external social resources, uniformly control and use core resources. With its help, the airline can not only control cost, but also have a new business model and great space for development. 基于电子商务的航空公司成本控制 摘要：现在航空公司的经营状况也不好。在这种情况下，成本控制对于航空公司是非常重要的。航空公司使用计算机和网络为导向的信息技术是成本控制的一个新的想法和方法。本文首先分析了航空公司的成本构成，然后介绍了如何使用电子商务对航空公司航材成本：销售费用，财务费用，管理费用等，以控制成本。最后，面向服务架构技术的基础上，本文还介绍了如何整合内部和外部信息资源，航空公司建立空中电子商务平台，不仅有利于航空公司的成本控制，也有利于航空公司的创新业务模式，提高企业的竞争力。关键词：航空；电子商贸；成本控制；面向服务架构 一 引言大萧条以来，2009年航空运输业进入有史以来最糟糕的一年。客运需求下降了3.5，而货物运输的需求遭受更大的打击，下降了10.1。世界各地的30家航空公司已由于缺乏资金而停止营业，其中14家倒闭了。今年以来，随着全球经济的复苏，对空中交通的需求已显著改善。统计数据显示，这种情况在朝着好的方向发展。在6月举行的世界航空运输首脑会议上，国际航空运输协会表示：“全球航空运输行业的最困难的时期已经结束，但挑战依然存在，至少还需要3年才能收回在2009年损失的810亿美元的收入。”中国国际航空公司与外国航空公司的困难局面相比较，处于较好的情况，但不应过于乐观。2009年，中国的民航业实现收入212亿元人民币，利润7.4亿元，但是，这主要是人民币汇率升值收益和喷气燃料的对冲造成的。 二 航空公司的成本分析 中国的航空公司的成本由经营成本，销售费用，管理费用，财务费用，航空基础设施建设资金，税收及副收费等的成本分布。经营成本约占总成本的73，其中包括约24的燃料成本，18的飞机的折旧和维修费用，13的机场着陆费和服务费，9的空中材料成本，9的工资和其他成本。基本上燃料费用，飞机折旧和维修费用，机场起降费和服务费是不可控成本。因为中国航空控股油料控股公司，几乎完全控制喷气燃料的进口，储存，运输。国内航空公司没有长期有效的燃料供应替代通道，所以在控制燃料成本，他们是无能为力的。同样，中国航空公司是由中国航空器材进出口集团公司全权代理采购外国飞机，因此航空公司不能把他们的订单直接给飞机制造商，这使得飞机的购买价格始终在一个较高水平。此外，大多数国内机场是在该地区处于垄断地位，可供选择的航空公司是非常有限的，所以航空公司没有讨价还价的能力。因此，航空公司应该从相对可控方面控制成本。 三 使用电子商务航