本科毕业论文-我国商业银行信贷风险管理研究.docx

郑州大学现代远程教育毕 业 论 文题 目： 我国商业银行信贷风险管理研究 入 学 年 月_ _2012.3_ 姓 名_ _ _ _ _学 号 专 业_ _金融学_联 系 方 式_学 习 中 心_ 浙江宁海_ _指 导 教 师_ _娄迎春_ _完成时间_2014_年_4_月_17_日目 录摘 要错误!未定义书签。关键词错误!未定义书签。引言3一、我国商业银行信贷风险管理目前存在的主要问题4（一）信贷文化意识4（二）信贷管理方式41、管理形式混乱42、风险定价缺乏科学性、系统性43、期限管理问题54、担保抵押形式主义55、内部控制建设薄弱5二、加强信贷风险管理的相关对策6(一)培育新型的信贷文化6(二)健全风险等级评定制度61.客户的信用等级管理62.贷款的风险等级管理。6(三)规范贷款的损失预测与定价管理。6(四)加强信贷风险的监测与监督7(五)完善内控制度建设，规避操作风险和道德风险71.组织结构上确保岗位制约。72.改变信贷审计监督的实施主体7结 论8参考文献错误!未定义书签。致 谢8摘 要 本文根据金融发展理论和银行信贷管理的实践，对当前我国商业银行信贷风险管理中存在的主要问题，提出从商业银行应当通过培育信贷文化、健全风险等级评定制度、规范损失预测与定价管理、加强风险监测与监督和完善内控制度建设等五个方面来进行信贷风险管理。关键词 商业银行；信贷；风险管理引言在世界经历了金融危机，企业经过了淘汰竞争，个人经历了投资亏损，银行承担了资金损失情况下，加强资本的信用风险管理，提高信贷的风险管理能力无疑成为各家商业银行重要工作。商业银行信贷风险主要是指商业银行经营信贷业务的风险总和，即商业银行在经营货币和信用业务过程中，由于各种不利因素引起货币资金不能按时回流，不能保值增值的可能性。近年，我国商业银行在信贷风险管理上不断研究探索，取得一些成绩，但与外资银行相比仍然存在较大差距，管理水平还不能与国际接轨。本文就我国商业银行信贷风险管理目前存在的主要问题及相关对策进行探讨。一、我国商业银行信贷风险管理目前存在的主要问题(一)信贷文化意识。信贷文化包括银行的信贷、价值取向、重要性的确定、管理沟通、信贷从业人员的培训等。信贷文化也是银行效益的一个重要因素。当前信贷文化意识淡薄主要体现在：第一，银行把工作重点放在对业务的拓展上。一旦资金发放后，银行极少就客户对信贷资金的使用情况及客户的重大经营决策等进行及时的跟踪和汇报，这种只“放”不“管”的做法必然会导致信贷资金的管理失控，最终为贷款的损失埋下隐患。另外，客户经理与风险管理人员是一个矛盾体，如何及时的沟通信息共享是银行有序开展工作的保障。第二是信贷流程只停留在表面上，工作上各种形式主义。对有些违规操作睁一只眼闭一只眼，久而久之形成了不良的操作风气。第三是风险意识薄弱，信贷从业人员往往只注重当期显现出来的风险，忽视了客户和贷款潜在的风险。(二)信贷管理方式。商业银行目前长期粗放管理的习惯使得精细化管理难以到位。具体表现在：1、管理形式混乱。首先是信贷档案管理的不规范。完整的信贷档案可以帮助商业银行提高贷款质量并减少贷款损失。然而有些商业银行并不重视信贷档案管理，存在信贷档案不完整，记录不全，信息反映不真实，没有明确的存档、借阅和检查制度等问题。其次是信贷“三查”制度过于形式。从贷前调查来看，有些客户经理和审查人员没能认真坚持实地原则、多人原则、多方原则、多次原则，调查报告信息收集不全、不准确。有些信贷人员在进行授信调查时会犯先入为主的毛病，即带着某种假定，并不自觉地把它作为结论看待。结果授信调查就成了印证或取证的过程，必然片面、不客观；从贷时审查来看，由于各种利益关系的存在，有些审贷委员会成员不敢或者不愿提出异议，结果使信贷集体审批变成了个人审批；从贷后调查来看，有部分商业银行把贷款发放出去之后就不管了，一直到贷款到期才去催收，不能及时发现借款人的各种风险。然后对同一个借款人有多元授信主体。一般来说，对同一借款人只能有一个主办授信商业银行，然而由于商业银行之间相互之间信息沟通不及时，使有些借款人在多个商业银行借款，增大了贷款风险。最后是对第一责任人制度落实难。信贷理机制不健全，贷款的发放与回收，没有充分落实第一责任人制，平时有些商业银行只注重贷款的发放与收息的考核，而没对单笔不良贷款进行量化考核，对因发放人工作失误导致的风险，没有制定责任追究的可操作办法，致使贷款第一责任人追究制很难落实，结果形成恶性循环。2、风险定价缺乏科学性、系统性。随着市场利率体系的逐步完善和银行同业间规范竞争的发展，中国人民银行已逐步放宽对贷款利率的限定，允许商业银行根据本行的预期收益、筹资成本、管理费用以及借款者的风险等级等构建自己的贷款定价模型，制定恰当的贷款定价策略。但商业银行普遍没有跟上这一节奏。基本没有科学、合理且操作性很强的贷款定价模型和贷款定价策略。即使有，也经常出现定价政策朝令夕改、因人而异的情况，极易产生道德风险。3、期限管理问题。在贷后管理总存在能偿还利息的就是正常贷款。这种想法虽有一定道理，但不正确。一方面，还息的来源很重要，还息来自正常业务收入还是风险类投资收益，是企业经营利润还是其它借款，这些都是银行贷后管理应该关注的；另一方面，能够还息不代表能按期还本。虽然还息可以增加银行当期收益，但若是客户不能还本，银行将产生重大损失。这种观点的隐害在于部分信贷管理人员因客户能还息而做出该笔贷款为正常的判断，从而放松贷后的管理或盲目办理转贷和展期，对贷款的期限管理不加以研究，忽视客户在贷款到期后的经营策略，往往会造成贷款状况渐趋恶化的可能。4、担保抵押形式主义，为办理担保手续而办理，不注重担保抵押的有效性和实际补偿能力，抗风险能力差。审批阶段常见的思维方式是片面认为有担保的就是好贷款。其主要表现形式是发放贷款时关注抵押、担保更甚于对借款人本身偿还能力的关注。当然，强调贷款的抵押担保等第二还款来源不仅无可厚非，而且应大力提倡。但是，抵押担保在信贷决策中充其量只能是必要条件，而不能也不应成为充分条件。过于强调抵押担保关系，使之成为贷款的充分条件则难免矫枉过正，导致不良后果。事实上，将抵押担保作为银行贷款充分条件的习惯思维正成为当前不良贷款形成的一个重要的、带有一定隐蔽性的原因。作为一种健康的信贷文化，不论担保企业是否真正具备足够的担保能力和担保意愿，即使手续齐全、合法也不能替代对借款人本身运营能力、偿债能力的分析。实践中对第二还款来源的追索经常存在变现难、执行难等诸多问题，加大了银行经营成本。而且追索担保人还往往会恶化银企关系，培育不出真正意义上的战略伙伴，尤其在信贷买方市场中，更不利于商业银行的长远发展。5、内部控制建设薄弱。内部控制是企业所制定的旨在保护其财产、保证其获取资料的准确性和可靠性，提高经营效率，促进既定的管理政策得以实施而采取的各种方法和措施。因此，作为信贷管理方面的内控建设必须围绕信贷资产保值增值、信贷各环节资料的真实可靠、贷款发放的效率等方面进行。而实际运转中却存在以下几个问题。一是部门、岗位制约力度有限。国内银行特别是国有商业银行的信贷管理组织结构与专业银行时期相比，基本架构没有实质性的变动，仍是传统的垂直管理机构，表现为管理责任关系和信息的汇报渠道均为总行、一级分行、二级分行、支行，三级管理一级经营。与外资银行比，纵向管理链条过长，而横向的分工与制衡关系强调得不够。近几年我国商业银行各级分支行进行了内部结构调整，相继成立了风险管理部门和信贷审查部门，负责处置不良贷款、评估贷款风险，改变了旧体制下信贷部统揽信贷业务的局面，但信贷政策管理、信贷风险审查等职责仍然基本由审贷部门承担，部门的细分化程度不够，信贷政策的制定、实施、检查仍然集中在一个部门。贷款审批实行逐级上报、层层审批制度。审批流程呈纵向运动特征。二是审计的后续监督专业性不够，对信贷业务的专业化程度欠缺，难以抓住主要问题。商业银行的审计部门一般负责全行整个经营业务的审计监督工作。信贷业务与会计、安全防范等其它业务不同，后者政策、制度较为稳定，受外部影响不大，而信贷政策、制度根据国家行业、产业政策及其它外部因素变化，自身调整也较快，专业性较强。常规审计由于部门差别的局限性，信息不对称，检查中通常只能发现一些规范性操作问题，解决一些操作风险。对贷款形成不良的真正原因，确实很难发现和分析。二、加强信贷风险管理的相关对策(一)培育新型的信贷文化。一个优秀的企业，离不开卓越的文化。商业银行也是一种企业，应当具有自身的企业文化和管理，使银行全体员工形成共同的理念和价值判断，以银行的使命、目标、伦理道德作为自己的行为准则，从而自觉自愿、心悦诚服地为使银行整体效益最大化、风险最小化而努力工作。信贷文化作为商业银行重要的企业文化内容之一，必须渗透到每一个信贷从业人员。当前，一是要全面增强信贷人员的风险意识，加强全员风险意识和合规文化。态度可以决定一切。树立牢固的风险意识，从主观上可以指引信贷人员进行规范化操作。二是要解决商业银行信贷质量不高的问题，必须从提高信贷人员素质这一基础性工作抓起，加强信贷人员的业务培训，防范操作性风险。三是加快制度建设，用制度管人。根据贷款企业特点，设置贷款质量考核指标，落实贷后管理业务流程中的具体责、权、利，量化风险预警指标，实施贷后管理考核激励措施。建立健全风险预警、保全预案制度，对于高风险业务，进行细化分析，设立风险预警指标，严格监测，并在贷后检查后提出保全预案。创新贷后管理手段，加强电子化建设，借助科技手段强化贷后管理。通过对贷后管理的远程监控，提高贷后管理的效率和覆盖面。建立一支专业化的贷后管理队伍，将贷前调查、贷时审查、贷后管理分别由不同的部门和人员实施。启动信贷风险问责机制，对形成贷款风险的，无论是否有违规情节，是否存在客观原因，一律要追究相关人员失职、失察的责任。(二)健全风险等级评定制度。总的来说，包括：客户的信用等级管理，贷款的风险等级管理。1.客户的信用等级管理。首先要建立银行内部掌握的客户资信评价体系，然后定期根据数据库中客户的财务报表和其它资料，对客户的信用程度进行评价记录。运行方式上可由信贷前台部门推荐客户、收集填报资料，信贷管理部门独立地进行信用等级评定。为保证客户的信用等级管理的科学性，应注意以下两点：一是加强数据库管理，保证数据库中客户数据的真实性、完整性，并及时对数据进行更新，确保数据能真实、全面反映客户经营情况，减少“信息不对称”带来的负面影响。二是尽快完善客户的信用等级评价体系。对客户的类型进行细分，不同类型的客户适用不同的评价方法，保证评价结果的科学性和权威性，为决策提供可靠依据。2.贷款的风险等级管理。一是加强对分类认定调查、审查和审批人员的业务培训，使其具备较强的业务素质和分类技能；二是明确各类贷款的“硬条款”，如对逾期天数、欠息时间等做出硬性规定，增强分类的客观性；三是理顺分类工作程序，试行专门机构进行分类审查，分类审查人员不应当是贷款质量指标的被考核者，同时对分类人员要加强监督考核，实施分类责任制，尽力避免道德因素造成的分类不准确。(三)规范贷款的损失预测与定价管理。预期的贷款损失是办理贷款业务的正常成本，可在贷款定价时予以考虑。银行资产组合是不同程度的风险资产的组合，每种资产都有不同的违约概率。西方商业银行普遍认为银行所面临的违约风险主要有预期内风险和预期外风险两种，因此银行的贷款损失也由这两部分构成。预期内风险是根据资料统计的某一特定风险等级的资产在既定期限内的平均违约概率；预期外风险是在预期内风险之外的违约概率。对于预期内损失，银行根据风险成本计算法，对不同风险等级规定不同的风险调节率，从而通过在贷款定价时收取风险费用予以补偿；对于预期外损失，由于其波动性和难以预料性，银行是通过自有资本金予以补偿的。银行信贷对象的风险等级越高导致预期外损失发生的可能性也越大。为了减少预期外损失，国外已有许多学者并提出了违约和企业破产失败预测的定量模型。我国可以借鉴其合理的成分用来分析。通过科学的风险等级评定制度和对预期内、预期外损失的估计相联系，对贷款的损失准备进行预测，确定合理的贷款定价。具体是评估银行与客户业务往来中的所有成本和收益，结合银行既定的利润目标，给客户的贷款进行定价。对于预期外的损失，还可以通过担保抵押进行补偿。即对难以预测的风险通过担保抵押等第二还款来源补偿。对补偿后还有损失可能性，再通过合理的贷款定价调节。在对担保抵押进行分析时，应彻底改变教条主义，以实际变现价值考虑风险补偿。(四)加强信贷风险的监测与监督。一是建立健全风险预警体系，前移风险防范关口。各商业银行要从加强自身建设做起，建立一套严密的、先进适用的信贷风险预警体系，努力改变传统管理模式下风险判断表面化和风险反应滞后的状况，加强风险搜索的系统性和准确性，并对风险的波动趋势做前瞻性的判断，争取风险管理工作的主动性。二是严格期限管理。规范客户授信制度，科学分析客户的资金需求总量，合理制订还款期限。对于合理制订的贷款期限，一定要督促客户到期归还，避免信贷资金被挤占挪用，形成风险。三是加强贷后管理。贷后管理是指银行在发放贷款后，定期检查借款人财务报表，定期对其进行信用审查，及时跟踪借款人的经营管理，并根据信用评分模型对借款人进行信用评级，随时掌握借款人的信用风险状况，同时及时调整银行的风险损失准备等一系列信贷活动的总称。四是现场检查与非现场检查紧密结合。在确保现场检查认真严格的同时，加强信贷系统电子化建设，通过采取实时有效的在线监测手段，完善非现场检查制度。先进的非现场检查制度将象一把隐形的利剑一样，悬在各类违规行为的头上，从一定程度上可以遏制部分违规动机。对于非现场检查不能确认的线索，可通过现场检查进一步核实。现场与非现场检查紧密结合，优势互补，可以扩大检查范围，节约大量人力物力。(五)完善内控制度建设，规避操作风险和道德风险1.组织结构上确保岗位制约。可参照外资银行在信贷组织上通常采用条块结合的矩阵型结构管理体系。信贷业务的组织除了有纵向的总行分行的专业线管理之外，进一步强调横向的部门之间的分工与制约，较好地实现风险控制与资源配置效率的最佳结合。外资银行通常会设置专业化程度较高的多个部门共同负责信贷业务的组织管理，如信贷政策制订部门、资产组合风险分析部门、业务管理部门、风险审查部门、不良贷款处理部门以及系统一体化管理部门等等。各部门分工明确，各司其职，在业务上相互沟通、协作又相互监督。贷款审批是信贷风险的关键控制点，在这一环节，外资银行多采取由隶属于不同部门的授权人员共同审批的办法，双人或多人审批制度。审批流程呈横向运动特征。提高审批决策的科学性，真正实行审批责任追究制。大力推行专职审批人审批和专家审批，科学遴选高素质的综合人才参与贷款决策，同时进一步完善集体审批制，试行少数人会签制、小额贷款专人审批制等，使审批责任落到人。同时，加强对审批人的考核管理，综合评价审批人的决策质量，制定对审批人的奖惩细则，对因审批不当造成不良贷款的，要严格实行责任追究。同时要坚决执行专职审批人任期制等，定期轮换。2.改变信贷审计监督的实施主体。增加风险管理部门的工作职责，加强风险管理部门的职能建设。风险管理部门不能只停留在对已产生的风险进行监测，而应参与信贷业务的全过程。从发放前的预防控制到最后的风险认定和处罚。一是将原信贷部门制定政策与制度的职能转由风险管理部门履行，统一由风险管理部门负责制定全行的信贷政策与制度，信贷前、后台按照要求进行业务操作。将“立法”权与“司法”权严格分开，避免既是裁判员又是运动员的局面。二是由风险管理部门负责对信贷前后台经营管理情况进行专业审计监督。对产生的信贷风险进行责任认定与追究。结论商业银行是一个复杂的金融企业,是一个资金密集、技术密集、人才密集、产品密集的服务型企业,而且由于它的特性,还是一个风险密集的高风险企业。随着中国加入世贸组织及金融业全面开放的到来,我国商业银行面临的市场竞争日益加剧。银行只有加强自身核心竞争能力,才能在竞争中处于不败之地,而风险管理能力是商业银行核心竞争能力的体现。因此,作为商业银行风险管理核心内容的信贷风险管理水平更成为衡量一家银行经营能力的重要标准。本文即是从这点出发,分析研究我国商业银行信贷风险管理的现状和成因,探寻提高信贷风险管理水平的方法和对策,并进行了实证分析。参考文献：1张坚红.中外银行信贷管理的比较与启示2张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学M.上海：上海人民出版社，1996.3于尔根艾希贝格尔，伊恩哈珀.金融经济学M.成都：西南财经大学出版社，2000.4骆玉鼎.信用经济中的金融控制M.上海：上海财经大学出版社，2000.5赵开元.内部控制评价全书.M.北京：中国经济出版社，2006.致谢在论文完成之际，我要特别感谢我的指导老师娄迎春老师的热情关怀和悉心指导。另外，还要感谢宁海学习中心的各位老师，他们的悉心授课，开阔了我的视野，为我顺利完成毕业论文莫定了理论基础。行笔至此，终于可以给毕业论文画上一个句号了。随着该论文的完成，我的本科学习行将结束。 其次，我要感谢我的同学和朋友，他们的关心与鼓励，给予了我很大的动力和信心，再次感谢他们的支持与关爱。由于本人的学识所限，这篇论文一定会有一些不妥之处，恳请各位老师、同学不吝赐教，提出宝贵的意见和建议，我将在日后的学习和工作中加以完善和提高。郑州大学现代远程教育本科毕业论文（设计）评审表姓 名学号学习中心专 业是否申请学位题 目指 导 教 师 评 语 及 成 绩 成绩：_ 指导教师签名：_学习中心盖章 年 月 日答 辩 小 组 意 见 很好 较好 一般 较差 非常差撰写规范： 论文选题： 内容观点： 结论与创新： 特别说明：成绩：_ 组长签名：_ 年 月 日注：1、此表附在论文后面；2、指导成绩和答辩（评改）成绩按百分制记；请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance