英语四级考试阅应读试技巧快速阅读.ppt

School of Foreign Languages of Huanggang Normal University大学英语四级讲座(快速阅读篇) 大学英语四级考试讲座 新四级阅读应试技巧 快速阅读快速阅读 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date1 5. 考试过程中要留意的细节 1. 快速阅读题型简介 2. 快速阅读答题技巧 6. 平时如何提高快速阅读技能 4. 真题分析 内容梗概 本讲内容梗概: 3. 快速阅读解题步骤 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date2 1.快速阅读题型简介 快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)是新增题型； 阅读文章单词量一般在 800-1200 字左右,体裁主要是 说明文，题材涉及人文社科, 自然科学等，答题时间为 15 分钟； 文章后面共有10道题,包括 7道正误判断题和3道短句 填空题 (on Answer Sheet 1)； Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date3 1)总的阅读量在800-1200词左右,但不一定是一篇,有可能是长 度不等的几篇文章。 2)题目基本按照其考察内容在文章中出现的自然顺序排列.题 目分布不均匀,有的部分题目集中,有的部分没有出题。 3)文章有大标题,但不一定有小标题.(目前的题目都有小标题) 4)文章中有可能出现图表和图片,也可能是网页的模式。 5)会有一部分超纲词汇,但如果不影响答题,有的给出了中文意 思,也可能不给出中文意思。 6)题目以细节题为主,在文章中能找到答案,但说法与原文有一 定差异,但意思相同。 7)样题的答案中有3个Y, 3个N, 和1个NG 填空题答案基本上都 是原文中出现的词; 根据考试委员会对样卷的说明，两次真题试卷以及对其他考试中快速阅 读部分的研究我们可以初步得出以下结论: Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date4 (1)判断题 以文中所给信息为依据对所给表述做出正确的判断 ( 主旨大意和细节事实） Y (YES) - 判断陈述内容与文中给出的信息相符合 N (NO) - 判断陈述内容与文中给出信息相矛盾 NG (NOT GIVEN) - 陈述的内容在文中未提及或找不 到依据。 题目使用的是原文的同义词、同义表达法或是对原文的简单归纳或 者题目表达的范畴小于原文范畴(即原文内容包含题目),应判断为 “Y”。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date5 难点分析：NG and N 题目使用的是原文的反义词、反义表达法、信息与原文 相矛盾应判断为“N”; 是原文未提及的内容、混淆的事实和非事实(如愿望、想 法等), 应判断为“NG”。特别需要注意的是,推论题经常 会出现原文未提及的内容或在原文找不到依据的情况。所 以推论题特别要小心得出的答案为“NG”的情况。 主要困难: 不能准确把握“错”及“未提及” 这两种判断的区别, 往往把错的当作未提及的,而把未提及的当作错的处理。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date6 “N” 和 “NG” 最大的区别在于“N”代表从文章中 可以明确看出题干陈述是和文章的意见 (或提供的事实) 相反或相矛盾的; 而如果文章中所给的信息不能说明题目 中的陈述, 则称作NOT GIVEN。 切记:原文是我们答题时的唯一判断依据。不能凭空猜想 或借助自己已有的知识。切忌加入读者自己的主观判断。 经验表明: 1)有绝对词only, must, all, always的句子很可能不是YES,但是具 体是NO 还是NOT GIVEN就不一定了需要具体问题具体分析; 2)NG通常不会超过个。如果判断超过个，那肯定其中有错； 3)若拿不准某题是否为N或NG,先放在一边，看该题目前后两题的情 况，以及其在原文中的答题依据。由于题目是根据文章的顺序出的 ，所以此题的大体依据肯定在刚才两题的答题依据之间，再来判断 ，不需额外考虑； Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date7 (2)填空题 要求基于对文章局部信息的理解寻找答案，完成句子做这种 题时候应该先读题 读题时首先确定关键词，然后判断该空格处应当填的词的词 性及整个句子的意思，缩小目标,带着问题到原文中去寻找答案 。 判断一个空格处所填词的词性主要是由语法知识决定的 介词后要求使用名词或动名词/系动词后需要使用形容 词或名词作表语/情态动词后使用动词原形/一些小的限定词如 冠词、不定代词等后要求使用名词/及物动词后要求使用名词作 宾语 三种基本句型 主+系动词+表语 谓+主+状,即There be句型 主+谓+宾+状 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date8 2. 快速阅读答题技巧 如何完成？ 大致读完全文再做题目？ 先看题目再去文章中寻找答案？ 快速阅读方法： 主要包括略读 (Skimming) 和查读(Scanning)两种。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date9 略读 (Skimming) 和查读(Scanning) 1. 略读(Skimming) 又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(dancing), 是一种非常实用的快速阅 读技能,其目的是以尽可能快 的速度了解文章的大意和主题思想,并对文章的结构有个 总的概念 例如 : 浏览报纸；书籍的目录 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date10 1) 以极快的速度阅读大量材料,寻找字面上或事实上的主 要信息和少量的阐述信息。 2) 可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。 3) 理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。 一般阅读的目标 是在保持一般阅读速度的条件下,获得 尽可能高的理解水平,通常达到70%或80%。略读时, “不需要 高度理解”,平均理解率达50% 或60%就可以了。 4) 根据文章的难易程度和要达到的目的,不断灵活地调整 阅读速度。 略读有下列四个特点: Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date11 1) 要利用印刷细节 (typographical details), 如书或文章的 标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等,对 书和文章进行预测略读 (preview skimming)。预测略读要了解作 者的思路、行文方式(模式), 以便把握大意、相关细节及其相互 关系。 2) 以一般阅读速度(每分钟200-250词)阅读文章开头的第一、 二段,力求抓住文章大意、背景情况、作者的写作风格、口吻或语 气等。 3) 阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意 ,然后略去细节不读,以实现略读速度。 4) 注意转折词和序列词。 转折词如 however, moreover, in addition等; 序列词如 Firstly, secondly 等。 5) 若无需要,不必阅读细节。 略读可以运用下列技巧: Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date12 2.查读(Scanning) 又称寻读, 目的主要是为了从大量的资料中迅速查找某一 项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如数字、时间、人名、地名等 。 在查读时,目光要自上而下、一目数行地寻视与答题内容相 关的词句, 与此无关的内容要很快略过。在最短的时间内掠 过尽可能多的印刷材料,找到所需要的信息。 例如: 在车站寻找某次列车的运行时刻, 在机场寻找某次 班机的起飞时间, 在图书馆查找书刊的目录,在文献中查找某 一日期、名字、数字或号码等,都可以运用这种方法。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date13 查读既要求速度又要求准确性，带有明确的目的性。 因此可以把整段整段的文字直接映入大脑不必字字过目 ，视线在印刷材料上掠过时, 一旦发现有关内容，就要 稍作停留,将它记住或摘下; 查读与略读不同。略读时读者事先对材料一无所知, 而查读则是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。 查读的特点 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date14 1)利用材料的编排形式 按字母顺序排列的，如词典、索引、邮政编码簿、电 话号码簿以及其他参考资料等。按日期和时间排列的， 如电视节目,历史资料。报纸上的体育版面是按比赛类别 (足球、排球、网球)排列的等等。 2)利用章节标题和说明 查读时,首先看看文章标题或章节标题,确定文章是否 包含自己所需要的材料,或者哪一部分包含哪些材料,这 样可以直接翻到那个部分进行寻找。 查读可运用下列技巧: Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date15 3)抓提示词 读者找到包含所需信息的章节准备查读时,要留心与 那个具体信息有关的提示词。 例如在报纸体育运动版上寻找某田径运动员的某项 运动成绩,他的国名 就是提示词。在百科全书上寻找 纽约市的人口信息,翻到New York City那一章后, population, census, inhabitants等词就是提示词, 找到提示词,就可以采用一般阅读速度, 获得所需要的 信息。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date16 如何完成 CET Fast Reading？ 做快速阅读题的过程其实就是灵活运用略读和 查读两种快速阅读技巧的过程。在考试过程中, 我们可以遵循以下做题顺序: 1.扫描全文,把握文章的主旨和总体框架； 2.看问题,在题干中寻找关键词,领会句子的意思； 3.利用关键词,在文章中查找答案。 3.快速阅读解题步骤 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date17 1.扫描全文,把握文章的主旨和总体框架 - 略读 真题2007年6月1)标题 2)引言(introduction)和结论(conclusion) 3)抓住关键词句 文章中如果没有小标题,则需要通过关键词句快速了解每个 段落的大意。关键词句是连接上下文的纽带,快速阅读时要注意 寻视关键词 抓住关键句子也就是找出主题句,即文章中用来概括大意的 句子。查找段落主题可以先看每个段落的前两句， 再看段落的 最后一句。当然在特殊情况下主题句也可能出现在段落中间。 通过识别主题句我们可以快速准确地抓住文章中各个段落的 主要意思, 从而把握文章的主旨和总体框架 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date18 4)较深色或斜体字部分 - 这也可以帮助了解文章内容 ; 5)图表 -文章中有时会带有图表或示意图。有时候 看图片比看整段文字更有用。注意图表栏目的文字题 目,这些词或短语可用作关键词语。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date19 2.看问题,在题干中寻找关键词,领会句子的意思 目光快速扫描一遍文后题目,回答主旨题,确定其他题目关键词 大部分题目考的是细节的定位，需要回答的问题中总会有些词或短语 与文章中的某些词、短语完全相同,或词义相近或相关。有了这些关 键词,你就可以直接查读到答案的位置,有些部分就不用看了 寻找关键词应优先考虑专有名词和数字，因为它们在文章中是极 容易找到的。注意有时句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表 达,例如30% 与thirty percent。 查找关键词的顺序如下: 题干主语中的名词 谓语动词（行为动词） 宾语部分的名词 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date20 利用问句中的1-3个关键词,在文章中确定答案的大概位置,有 的放矢地快速通读与答题有关的部分 比较这两部分是否有同义词，同义短语和同义结构。如果两 部分在这些方面是等价的,就可以确定答案。 在快速阅读考试中,能否准确找出正确答案很在很大程度上 取决于对字句的形式变化的认识能力，即能否辨认出意义相近 或相同但形式上有很大差异的词或短语。 3.利用关键词,在文章中查找答案 查读 + 略读 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date21 有时还需要对蕴含全文观点的段落进行细读,判断作者态度 和进行逻辑推理,完成推论题. 注意题目一般按照自然顺序排列，接下来的题目一般只需 继续查读剩余部分，无须再从头查起; 如问句中可能出现 staff selection,但在文章中可能是 recruitment; 在问句中是 vehicles,在文章中出 现时可能 是 cars, trucks 或者vans。因此在阅读过程中应多加比较 。如能攻破这一关,就一定能够取得好的考试成绩。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date22 4. 真题分析 标题-Protect Your Privacy (说明文)-预测: 为什么? 怎么样? 小标题-快速准确地抓住文章的主旨和总体框架 留意一些逻辑关系。如时间前后，容易混乱；因果关系，不容颠倒 ；比较关系，严格对应；最高级别，要有依据。 一时之间难以判断时，就多划几个词，或者注意整句的意思。只 要大部分的划出来了核心，有一个两个模糊，问题不大。要相对 仔细读的段落也不必要每句都要读得清清楚楚。 如何阅读长句：以考点为准，抓住主干 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date23 Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,” states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. “Its certainly picked up in the last four or five years. Its worldwide. It affects everybody, and theres very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you cant detect it until its probably too late.” Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast 12 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date24 debts and committing crimes while using the victims names. In many cases, a victims losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible. According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet. 1. Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerB. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). When reviewing the sites privacy policy, youll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You wont necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive. 12 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date25 2. Take advantage of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume. CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerB without retyping their information. 3. Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as “Intranet Developer 12 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date26 Candidate,” or “Experienced Marketing Representative.” You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.” If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer. 4. Establish and email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you dont know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesnt contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as . Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date27 5. Protect your reference. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. Theres no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references. 6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, drivers license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Dont provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book dont fall for it. 2 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Date28 1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to preve