托福听力小词经典100例.doc

托福听力小词典100列（2011-3-21）托福听力小词典100列（2011-3-21）1新托福考试题型2阅读：30分2听力：30分3口语：30分3写作：30分41 托福听力小词经典100例52 托福听力笔记（习语总结）203 考生必看：攻克托福听力三点详解274 托福写作范文1285托福写作范文2296 托福写作范文3307 托福写作范文4318 托福写作范文5329托福写作范文63310 托福写作范文73411 托福写作范文83512 托福写作范文93613 TOEFL写作高分要点37一、考试基本要求：37二、常见话题38三、主要题型：41四、写作要点（评分标准）的实例论证：41五、习作方法：4445新托福考试题型新托福考试是基于因特网环境的考试(iBT,Internet-based Test)，也就是说考试是在具有因特网接入条件的计算机上进行的。从考试结构上来讲，新托福考试分听、说、读、写四个部分,对学生的听力、阅读、写作、口语四项英语语言能力进行综合测试。 分数测评 除了网考，新托福考试的独特性还表现在分数的测评体系上。新托福的分数报告不再只停留在报告考生的英语水平和各单项语言技能的成绩上，同时还会通过提供一个诊断报告让考生本人和接收院校了解考生的英语语言学习要求。新托福四项技能的分数范围都是在0-30分以内的，并按级别递进，针对每一个级别还会有一个详细的分数说明。 具体内容及应对 新托福考试大概持续四个小时。四个部分的考试将在一天内完成。考试的顺序是：阅读、听力、口语、写作，听力之后有10分钟的休息时间。 阅读：30分 新托福考试阅读部分约为60到100分钟，包括3到5篇文章，每篇650至750个单词，每篇对应12至14道试题。题目类型包括：图表题(schematic table)，篇章总结题(prose summary)(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，词汇题(vocabulary)(在一定的上下文中)，指代关系题(reference)，简化句子题(sentence simplification)，插入文本题(insert text)，事实信息题(factual information)，推断题(infer?鄄ence)，修辞目的题(rhetorical pur?鄄pose)以及否定排除题(negative fac?鄄tual information)(例如，下列各项均正确除之外。)在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都检查一遍。 应对 从两大题型入手突破 新托福考试阅读部分可以概括为两种题型，包括基础理解题和篇章应用题。基础理解题重点考查考生对基础项目的理解，特别是考生根据文章的词汇、句法和语义内容理解把握重要信息的能力。具体分析起来，新托福的基础理解题除插入文本题和修辞目的题外，主要仍是旧托福出现过的传统题型。 篇章应用题不仅仅要求根据词汇、句法和语义内容理解具体的点和大意，而且要求认定文章的结构和目的。对全篇有系统深入的理解，从而进行重构是篇章应用题的关键目标。它要求考生能从文章提取和记忆重要的信息并将其应用在新的情境中。如果考生能在头脑中抽象出一个框架，他就必然能根据课文重构中心思想和相关重要信息。 听力：30分 听力部分包含两个对话(conversation)和四段课堂讲解(lecture)。每个对话涉及2个或2个以上的说话者，每个对话对应5道试题；每段讲解对应6道试题。每个对话是2-3分钟，每个讲解是4-6分钟。考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记帮助答题。 应对 从了解文化浸润入手 目前看来，要提高新托福考试听力成绩，仅仅研究历年的曝光题，建立所谓全真题和模拟题题库，力图研究题型和出题规律，大面积、高强度的听读和记忆语言表达法和单词是远远不够的。 新托福考试的听力理解内容，与其发生的社会大环境和小环境是密不可分的。这里所说的社会大环境就是北美的社会文化背景和文化、历史传统，以及由此形成的一整套价值体系，这也可以理解为宏观的文化；社会小环境是指听力内容发生的场景、氛围以及人物的价值判断，这可以理解为微观的文化。对微观文化的浸润在很大程度上依赖于切身的浸润和感受，这对绝大多数从未有过海外经历的中国新托福考生的确是一个难题。 弥补文化浸润缺失，特别是微观文化浸润缺失的惟一办法是间接的体验，即通过本民族文化的体验来比较、分析和揣度别国民族文化的具体内涵，这就是文化比较研究。具体到新托福听力考试，就是北美大学校园文化与中国大学校园文化的比较研究。 口语：30分 新托福考试的口语部分共有6题，总时间约为20分钟。第1题和第2题为独立回答题，准备时间为15秒，回答问题时间为45秒。问题会被朗读出来，同时会出现在屏幕上。第3题和第4题要求考生先阅读一段文字，然后再听一段与阅读文字在内容上相关的听力材料，最后考生按照要求回答相关问题。通常一道题是情景题，另一道是学术题，阅读材料是70-100单词的自然段，共45秒钟的阅读时间。听力材料可能是对话，也可能是演讲，其长度大约为1分半钟，150-180个单词，考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记来帮助答题。考生有30秒的准备时间，60秒的回答问题时间。题目要求考生总结阅读材料中隐含的说话者的观点。第5题和第6题以考试中的听力材料为基础，要求考生回答相关问题。听力材料通常一道题是对话情景题，长度为60-90秒；另一道是课堂讲解学术题，长度为90-120秒。考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20秒的准备时间，60秒的时间回答问题。每个回答的得分是0-4分。考查综合语言技能的题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。 应对 培养一种高效的速记能力 新托福口语考试中，除了独立说外，还增加了先读、听后说和先听后说。因此，虽说是口语考试，但囊括了听、读、说三项技能，这不仅全面而充分地体现了新托福的测试理念与理想目标，而且也是新托福口语考试的最大特点。另外，在新托福考试中，口语部分允许考生在听、读的同时做笔记，这对考生在紧张的状态下产生的“听时明白听后忘；读时明白读完忘”的现象确实是一个有益的帮助，因此培养一种高效的速记能力在新托福考试中不仅显得至关重要，而且是势在必行。 建议考生平时除了刻苦训练口语基本功外，还应注意以下几个方面： 1.清楚地了解衡量口语水平的标准。 2.熟练地掌握英语发音要领。 3.正确使用语调、停顿及强弱读。 4.习惯美国英语发音。 5.积累大量的词汇、短语、谚语及日常生活用语。 6.谙熟语言背后的文化。 写作：30分 新托福考试的写作部分包括两道试题，需在大约50分钟的时间内完成。独立写作试题部分需30分钟的时间，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对待某一问题的某个看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇300个单词左右的作文。对于以阅读和听力材料为基础的写作试题，考生首先需要阅读一篇学术演讲，阅读的时间是3分钟。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为2分钟的课堂讲解。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。此外，考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。通常有效的回答应是一篇150-225个单词的作文。每个写作任务的分数是0-5分。考查综合语言技能的作文题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。 应对 掌握新评分标准 了解托福考试写作上的变化完全可以从了解新托福写作评分标准入手。对考生而言，掌握了ETS写作的评分标准，就掌握了备考新托福写作的主要思路。 新托福考试从总体指导思想上对作文写作提出了全新的要求，这些要求有： 1.实际情景的交际技能的提高是学习的中心，各语言要素如词汇、结构和语法都是为交际技能服务的。 2.允许在满足交际技能需要的前提下，偶尔犯语言要素方面的错误。 3.写作交际能力的提高主要体现在篇章水平上，并非仅仅在词句和段落水平上。 因此，考生在进行写作训练时必须一切以交际目标的实现为出发点和终极目标，学会照顾全篇，在篇章水平上而非仅在遣词造句和段落上表现文采。1 托福听力小词经典100例托福听力中，小词或习语是必考的，且又是考生最不容易掌握的。现从托福听力原文中精选100例，方便考生复习掌握习语或小词。1，a change of pace 节奏变换You cant do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.2, a far cry from 相距甚远The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.3, and how 的确A: Shes a good dancer.B: and how.4, a matter of time 时间问题It is only a matter of time.5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.6, a while back 不久以前7，all along 一直I knew it all along.8, anything but 绝对不I was anything but happy about going.9, account for 解释How do you account for it?10, after all 到底A: Ive just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine,B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.11, allergic to 对|过敏Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something.12, at sbs service 愿为某人服务I am at your service at any time.13, around the clock 24小时不停Martha studied around the clock for management exam.14, as far as I know 就我所知15，at home with 对.很熟悉She is at home with problems like this.16, back out1) 退出A: Wasnt Bert supposed to sing tonight?B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute2）不履行She finally backed out of her promise.17, be cut out for 天生适合Im not cut out to be a hero.18, be absorbed inShe has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I cant tear her away.19, be addicted to 对上瘾She has been addicted to drugs for years.20，be attached to 对有感情A: Im amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would havegotten rid of it years ago.B: It runs well and Ive actually been quite attached to it.21, back up1) 累积The subway is running behind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. I dont know if well make the 6:30 show.2) 支持Ill back it up.22, be bound for 到地方The bus is bound for New England.23, be (feel) myself 找到自我Im feeling myself again.24, be burned up 生气She was really burned up at the news.25, be hard up forIm hard up for clothes, but I have a lot of books.26, be head and shoulders above 好许多In calculus, Joe is head and shoulders above his classmates.27，be in the dark 蒙在鼓里A: Do you have any idea what his notice is about?B: Im as in the dark as you are.28，be stuck 卡住了I cant get this window open. Its stuck.29, bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂A: I hear youre taking an advanced physics course this semester.B: I think Ive bitten off more than I can chew.30, break new ground 有了新的突破His architectural design broke new ground in the field.31，benefit concert 慈善音乐会We need to let everyone know about the benefit concert, but we dont have much money for advertising.32, busy signal 占线Ive been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signal.33,between you and me 你我之间，保密34，call forA,打电话找Tom just called for you.B,预报The forecast calls for heavy rain again tonight. Arent you glad well be getting away from this for a week?C,问Its probably in the new part of town. Well have to call for directions.35, call it a day 就此结束A: Im really glad our club decides to raise money for the childrens hospital, and most of the people weve phoned seemed happy to contributeB: Yeah, I agree. Now weve gone through all the numbers on our list now, so I guess we can call it a day.36,cash the check 兑现支票Have your sister cashed her paycheck?37,clear off 收拾，整理Its about time we clear off the desk.38,come down (雨，雪)下起来The heavy rain is coming down, now.39, come in first in the race 比赛第一名Not only did Jill come in first in the race but she also had her best running time of the season.40,come what may 不管怎样Well pick you up tomorrow at eight, come what may.41,cost somebody an arm and a legA: Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda?B: I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.42, cut it out 闭嘴I told you to cut it out.43,be cut out for 生来时做的Dr. Hamilton doesnt feel Larry is cut out for the medical profession.44,department chair 系主任I didnt write that memo to the department chair.45,dirt cheap 非常便宜A: Youve already furnished your apartment?B: Ive found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.46, do with 用.凑合; do without 没有也行You can do with your girlfriend.You can do without your girlfriend47, dog tired 特别累，同义：run down; worn out; out of steamIm dog tired these days. Im working on seven articles.48, down jacket 羽绒服49，drive somebody up the wall 让某人发疯；同义：drive somebody out of ones mindThe sound of all that raffic is driving me out of my mind.50, fall back on 依赖A: Were you able to understand that French novel without any help from the teacher?B: I did pretty well, but I had to fall back on my dictionary occasionally. 51, fill a prescription 按处方抓药Would you please fill this prescription for me?52, fill in for 代替； 同义：fill ones place(position, shoes); take the place of; take over Say, Dave, can you fill in for me tonight at the restaurant? Id like to go out of town.53,food for thought 令人思考的东西；同义：thought-provokingThere is a lot food for thought in what he had to say.54,for nothing 免费To pay to see that movie would be foolish, when you can see it on TV for nothing.55,from top to bottom 从上到下A: Maybe you lost your wallet in this room.B: Ive searched it from top to bottom.56, get of on the wrong foot 开始事情就做错了I got off on the wrong foot, and I dont have any idea which way to turn now.57,get a lot out of something 从学到很多The training program was difficult, but she got a lot out of it.58, get at 想说Do you understand what Im getting at?59, get away with 对.摆脱惩罚A: Did you know that Bob is leaving for home tonight? He isnt planning to take his final exams.B: He cant get away with that60,get going 赶紧行动； 同义：get movingA: It looks like we wont have enough time to do all we wanted to.B: Who says we wont? lets get going.61, get on ones nerve 招惹某人神经了A: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.B: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.62, get started on 开始做We should get started on the project.63, get time off from work 从工作中抽时间Oh, so she was able to get time off from the work.64,give credibility to 相信A: did you hear about Jim?B: I wouldnt give that rumor any credibility.65,go easy on 温和对待Well, since its your first and only ticket, the judge will probably go easy on you.66,go in one ear and out the other 一耳朵进，一耳朵出Well, you know Mike, everythings in one ear and out the other.67,go jogging 去跑步Are you ready to go jogging?68,go to ones head 某人自负A: Have you noticed how Johns changed since he became student government president? B: I think the whole thing has gone to his head, and he used to be so sociable and open.69,got the time 几点了A: Got the time?B: Its a little after ten.70, graduation announcements 毕业典礼请柬Have you ordered your graduation announcements?71,graon about 抱怨How come Michaels always groaning about something?72,guest lecturer 客座教授The only person who understood the guest lecturer was the professor.73,hand-me-down 送的东西A: What a gorgeous jacket. It must have cost a fortune.B: Not at all. Its a hand-me-down.74,hand down 易如反掌Lee won the chess match hands down.75,have a way with 擅长Bonnie really has a way with words.76,have had it with 处于Ive had it with being sick in bed. Ive read most of these magazines twice.77, head and shoulders above 高出许多In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.78, hit the spots 特别好This lemonade sure hits the spots.79, hold the grudge 记仇A: I wish I hadnt hurt Marys feelings like that. You know I never meant to.B: The great thing about Mary is that she doesnt hold the grudge.80, I have no idea which way to turn 我不知道该怎么办81, I have seen worse 我见过更糟的82, in advance 提前；同义：before hand, ahead of timeIts a really nice apartment. But the owners want two-month rent in advance and I just don t have it.83, in case 万一Lets take our suits along in case the sun comes out.84, in next to no time 马上A: Are you going to be using the copying machine long?B: Ill be through in next to no time.85, in the red 赤字 反义：in the black86,in the works 正在准备阶段An advanced course in theoretical chemistry is the works.87, keep to oneselfIm amazed that you still havent gotten to know your neighbors.88, kill time 浪费时间Gosh, what can we do to kill the next 10 hours?89, leaveup to somebodyWell have to leave the decision up to him.90, letter of recommendation 推荐信；letter of reference 推荐信91, look on the bright sides of things 看事物的光明面92, no kidding 不是开玩笑吧93, on the tip of ones tongue 就在舌尖A: Are you sure you cant remember the name of that record?B: Its just on the tip of my tongue!94, quitting time 下课时间Im glad its almost quitting time.95, take it over 重修Don failed physics and had to take it over.96, than necessary 比应该的要冷The lab was cooler than necessary.97, Thats easer said than done. 说来容易做来难98, There is nothing to it. 没什么，很容易I can run this projector. Theres really nothing to it.99, with flying colors 成功A: How did Ellen do on her American History exam?B: She passed with flying colors.100, You can bet your life 当然A: Will Prof. Smith come to class on time?B: You can bet your life. 2 托福听力笔记（习语总结）lose his cool失去冷静cool off 冷静，天气变冷play it cool 冷静不介意：not at all, not a bit/little, not in the slightest, not in the least-不愿让人做某事：make sb uncomfortable to do sth-对人宽容go easy on sb. Be lenient with. Be kind to-挤时间做某事：get around to do sth, take time out/off from doing sth, spare time to do sth, afford time to do sth, squeeze/steal time to do-bottom line 说话的核心，well, the bottom line is that-check out检查，询问借书出院退房-come in handy 派上用场，会有用的-for the life of sb无论如何-get over: 完成作业病全愈忘掉（不愉快）-go through 用完检查经历过办手续-我认为I suspect, 我确认I bet, 我估计I expect, 我不认为I doubt, 我原以为I thought, 我原以为I was hoping, 我曾经是I used to be, 我本应该I was supposed to-on ones way 马上出发; on the way已经在路-pick up 取东西接人买东西-put up 挂起住宿-up to :胜任：its up to sb to do sth, sb is up to doing sth熬夜sit/be up to do sth达到up to sth-asasas cool as a cucumber, as fit as fiddle, as healthy as horse, as poor as a church mouse, as strong as an ox, as like as two peas(长得象)，peas and carrots(形影不离)，apples and oranges(大不相同)，as proud as peacock, as changeable as moon, as punctual as a church clock, as sly as fox, as light as feather, as hungry as a wolf.-be the last thing +定从,最不希望的，最不需要的，最不愿意的。-hasnt he, isnt it +ever/though.可不是吗！(很同意)-if only 要是就好了。答案的标志是虚拟语气和wish.-not that, not asadj.as you think不至于那么过分吧-不辞辛苦做某事go out of ones way to do. Take great trouble to do sth. Go extra miles to do sth.-吃惊：Jees. Boy! Man! Jesus christ! Dear me! Wow!-对我都一样：It makes no difference to me. Does it make any difference. What differencedoes it make. Its all the same to me.-感觉如何：What do you think of sth? How do you like sth? How do you find sth? How do you feel about sth? Would you like A or B? Do you feel like sth? Are you in a mood for anything?-开玩笑吧：So you say. Pull my leg.-流泪my eyes swim in tears, shed tears of remorse, I cant hold back my tears-你真了不起：You are somebody. You are a big potato.-提醒：I dont think youll do I was wondering if you will do sth. I dont imagine if you do. You have not done sth, have you?-听我说：You know why. Tell me why.-我本想做某事（但没做）I meant to do. should have given. Was supposed to do sth. I have been meaning to.-赞同：You bet. Sure thing. And how. Isnt it though/ever. Go ahead. By all means.-责备：When will you ever do sth? Do I have to tell you? Dont I tell you sth? Why didnt you 托福听力笔记（习语总结） -怎么了？Whats up/matter/wrong with sb? how have you been? How are you coming along/doing? Whats new with you?1、论文 题目难定（太大）too broad a topic资料难查（太多）too much material to cover多找教授（时间）打字困难（机房）机少人多，想买机 -健忘slip ones mind/memory. Have a shot memory, not good with. be terrible with. forgetful, absent-minded, scatter-brain, go in one ear and out the other. Wops.-快，马上：in no time, by and by, on short notice, right now/away/off, in a moment/minute/second-去哪里，朝哪里去head to/for sw, make for, leave for, set out for, be off to, be away to-生气：be put out with sb, be burned up at sb, get ones back up, hit/raise the roof/ceiling, be enraged, get on ones nerve, rub sb the wrong way, annoy/irritate sb.-顺便看望：drop/stop/come by/over/in-太忙heavy/busy/tight schedule-太热super/burning/blazing/unbearable/scorcher hot-听某人的建议：go by/follow/listen to ones suggestion-一点也不奇怪：no wonder. Little surprise.-有时，偶而：occasionally, sometimes, every so often, every now and them, every once in a while, at times, from time to time, on and off.-在某方面擅长：know the stuff/ropes/tricks/ones beans-逐步地：gradually, step by step, bit by bit, little by little, inch by inch , piece by piece, line by line, word by word. 2、笔记 考笔记be based on the lecture/notes字难认make out/recognize handwriting3、考试 永远难was supposed to be easy不推迟put it off, hold off, delay, postpone分数低:及格passing grade，不及格failing grade，好分数perfect grade心里不好受downtake-home exam开卷考试，workshop研讨会, seminar研究会4、评价教授 小对话中（不好），段子题中（好）不迟到punctual/prompt，不早退，常拖堂run over time/late,要求严，出题难，给分低*听不懂：be lost/be all at sea/in the dark*听懂：figure out/make sense/catch/follow words*打瞌睡：drop off/doze off, keep watching the clock, keep counting the time.5、作业 作业多：Ive had enough of it.(Ill never have enough of it.高兴语气)*have ones hands full, be tied up, be booked, be up to ones eyes/ears/neck with work. Have a million things to do. Study 48 hours in a day.想迟交，不迟交:交作业hand in/ turn in, 迟交extension, 多给时间extra/m