基于技术创新系统的企业竞争力分析Competitiveness_of_Enterprises_Based_on_Technology_Innovation_System.doc

Competitiveness of Enterprises Based on Technology Innovation SystemWANG He-ping1,YANG Zhang-wei1, Zhu Chun-sheng2（1.School of Management Science and Management, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002,China;2. Engineering Institute of corps of Engineers, PLA University of Sciene and Technology, NanJing 210007, China）Abstract: TOPSIS method for the use of technological innovation on the iron and steel enterprises to evaluate the time of the evaluation criteria used under the AHP method, the weight of a single method instead of the usual weight of the Delphi method to solve. This improved TOPSIS method can make progress outside of large steel companies can compare their own innovation capacity of innovation to improve and enhance Chinas iron and steel enterprises evaluation capacity for innovation system, so that Chinas steel industry technology innovation management has been further improved.Key words: Multi-index Evaluation System; Ideal Solution; Proximity1. Introduction In recent years, a information from the U.S. steel consultancy WSD (World Steel Dynamics) compile and publish the global competitiveness ranking sheet steel, is increasingly the domestic steel industry and related media attention 1. Analysis and research their competitive point of evaluation and reflection on iron and steel enterprises. We can study how to improve the international competitiveness of Chinas iron and steel enterprises. The preparation of the International Iron and Steel in WSD competitiveness evaluation index system of progressive use of technology capabilities, the weight of this indicator has become more and more, in this case the iron and steel enterprises technological innovation competitiveness indicators are listed separately for evaluation very necessary. This will improve the traditional TOPSIS method for the large steel companies after competitive evaluation of technological innovation, making the steel industry both in the evaluation of other companies with the same industry can be seen comparing the competitiveness of their enterprises in technological innovation within the weaknesses, identify deficiencies to improve it.2. Problem description and model assumptions2.1. Problem Description This article is to discuss the competitiveness of large steel companies, The present study the competitiveness of iron and steel enterprises technological innovation the main methods include AHP 2, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method 3, BP neural network evaluation method 4 and so on, Although the above methods can compare the technological innovation of enterprises competitiveness between our companies, so that enterprises can not improve their less than intuitive to increase the level of technological innovation. This article is from the iron and steel enterprises in technology innovation evaluation system of indicators selected to proceed the important single criterion in the AHP method for the calculation of the weight applied to the TOPSIS method to evaluate the iron and steel enterprises in technology innovation and competitiveness of large steel companies can make progress when compared to external innovation while improving their ability to innovate.2.2. Notations and definitions（1） X=x1，x2，x n: A set consisting of iron and steel enterprises which is waiting for technological innovation competitiveness.（2） U=u1，u2，u m: A set of rating indicators.（3） W=w1，w2，w mT: A vector of index weights.（4） a=:Closed interval number, 、R3. How to establish Rating model 3.1. Classification EvaluationWe used one-year data as the evaluation objects for large iron and steel enterprise technology innovation index. But large-scale iron and steel enterprises is characterized by a long cycle of technological innovation, updating innovative technology is slow and a lot of research for many years so we can have a continuous time period selected as the object of data collection, then we can normalization our data. Evaluation with a variety of types, including efficiency, cost and interval, in these three properties, the bigger the better efficiency properties, cost-type properties as small as possible, interval is a range of property values. In order to eliminate the results of different dimensions of evaluation, gives the following formula for calculating the standardized evaluation matrix, from this formula we can transform into a normalized matrix, represent the subscript set for efficiency indicators and cost index 5.REAL indicators standardized method. (1)Standardized method of interval numbers 6. (2)Or (3)3.2. Innovation Competence Model and SolutionStep 1 Based on the current status of iron and steel enterprises technological innovation, innovation and competitiveness evaluation select 4, respectively:(1) Ratio of R&D funding = Evaluation indicators for research and development of cost / index evaluation of sales.(2) The ratio of R&D personnel = Number of R&D personnel / total number of employees.(3) Value ratio of new products = New product sales / corporate sales revenue.(4) The number of patents.Step 2 Use the calculation of the relative weight method on Single criterion of AHP to calculate the weight between each index.(1) Construct the comparative matrix, in this matrix expressed a degree of influence on one indicator to the other indicator, on the matrix H, was given by experts; accordingly the enterprise can be drawn between each index and the relative importance of relationships.(2) Solve the relative weight vector between each indicator and the consistency test.:W=（w1，w2，w m）T.Step 3 Normalize the multi-attribute evaluation matrixand find the weighted matrix 7. (4)Step 4 Determine the maximum evaluation value of the matrixand the minimum evaluation value of the matrix.(1) For REAL indicators: ,.(2) For interval indicator:;.So we can find the maximum evaluation value of the matrix:The minimum evaluation value of the matrix:Step 5 Calculate the evaluation value of different enterprises to the maximum evaluation value vector distance and average distance to a minimum 8., (5), (6)Step 6 Find the mean vector of the enterprise value evaluation vector with the largest relative closeness and draw conclusions. (7)We can evaluate the innovation and competitiveness between these enterprises which we used, then obtained according to the start of the evaluation index of the relative weight by the Relative evaluation index weights.4. Numerical examplesOn the global competitiveness ranking of steel sheet, the short-listed 23 global steel prices and strong domestic steel companies, including Baosteel, Anshan Iron and Steel, Maanshan Steel, Wuhan Steel and Sha Steel1,so in this article we select these five steel companies to carry out technological innovation competitiveness analysis. This article will link the 3-year evaluation of the data because of the long-term technological innovation in large iron and steel enterprises.2007 - 2009 innovation of the steel industry competitiveness index data, as shown in Table 1.Table 1Steel technological innovation competitiveness index in WSDCompany NameIndexR&D ratioRatio of R&D personnelValue ratio of new productsPatentsBaosteel2007 3.732.1123.2745320085.342.3424.4585920095.982.9125.621030Anshan Steel20073.681.3716.2316520084.791.4517.4338720094.921.5817.99733Maanshan Steel20072.430.9715.236020082.781.0215.3413420093.211.2116.65216Wuhan Steel20072.631.2416.2420220083.411.3116.7632920093.851.7517.31476Sha Steel20071.971.3213.124520082.361.4013.3413720093.321.6313.53213We should synthesize the continuous data to single data. As R&D ratio, Ratio of R&D personnel and Value ratio of new products are single data, we use the general average method to synthesize these data; Because of patent applications may not be completed within one year, we should deal it as a interval data. After finishing the evaluation index data shown in Table 2.Table 2The evaluation data after synthesizedCompany NameIndexR&D ratioRatio of R&D personnelValue ratio of new productsPatentsBaosteel5.022.4524.45453，1030Anshan Steel4.461.4717.22165，733Maanshan Steel2.811.0715.7460，216Wuhan Steel3.301.4316.77202，476Sha Steel2.551.4513.3345，213Construct the comparative matrix, Solve the relative weight vector between each indicator and the consistency test. W=（0.25，0.18，0.35，0.22）T And inspect the data. From this vector we can reach which is more importance in large iron and steel enterprise technological innovation. We can find the relative importance of high to low is Value ratio of new products, R&D ratio, Patents and Value ratio of new products. Therefore, enterprises should strengthen the efforts of new products into production as soon as possible out of obsolete technology innovation to improve competitiveness.According to Table 2, we should construct technological innovation competitiveness evaluation matrix, using formula (1) and formula (2) a normalized evaluation matrix can be reached,From the standardized evaluation matrix B, we find the weighted evaluation matrix R,According to the above formula about maximum evaluation value matrix X+ and the minimum evaluation value matrix X- , evaluation of the value of the maximum and minimum evaluation value vector of vectors defined as, According to the formula (1) and formula (2) we can reach index vector to the maximum evaluation value vector distance and the distance to the minimum evaluation value vector,，According to the formula (7) we can obtain the relative closeness between Index vector and the maximum evaluation value vector,，Finally, we can draw the top five large-scale iron and steel enterprises technological innovation competitiveness from the strong to weak are Baosteel, Anshan Steel, Wuhan Steel, Maanshan Steel and Sha Steel.5. ConclusionWSD (World Steel Dynamics) increase the rate of technological innovation competitiveness in Global steel industry competitiveness sort table. In this article we proposed a separate technological innovation on the competitiveness of the steel to evaluate the method. This approach allows the evaluation of iron and steel enterprises can not only be good for enterprises to find the gap between them in technology innovation system also allows businesses to access their own internal innovation index for their own innovation system. Through the above evaluation of steel companies can position themselves well for the future of technology innovation program.References1 Capital Iron and Steel Institute, From the WSD of the world steel industry competitiveness evaluation to see how the domestic steel industry to improve international competitiveness, Metallurgical Management 11 (2005) 20-24.2 Song-Zehai, Liu-Dacheng, Luo-Wuwei, Interval AHP method in the steel industry investment decisions, Industrial Engineering 8 (6) (2005) 67-70.3 Pan J C H, Yang J S. A study of an integrated inventory with controllable lead timeJ.Interna