本科毕业论文-数学课堂教学中的素质教育.doc

分类号 论文编号 本本 科科 生生 毕毕 业业 论论 文文 数学课堂教学中的素质教育数学课堂教学中的素质教育 姓 名： 院 系： 数学科学学院 年级专业： 10 级数学与应用数学 指导教师： 徐波（教授） 2014 年 3 月 1 日 目目 录录 摘要I Abstract.II 第一章 绪论.1 1.1 数学课堂教学中素质教育的研究意义1 1.2 数学课堂教学中素质教育现如今的研究成果 1 1.3 数学课堂教学中素质教育现如今的研究方向 2 第二章 数学课堂中素质教育对我国教育体制改革的意义.3 2.1 素质教育对我国教育体制改革的影响3 2.1.1 数学教学在素质教育中的作用 3 第三章 数学课堂教学中实施素质教育.5 3.1 提高教师自身的素质是实施素质教育的前提5 3.2 提高学生数学素质是关键5 3.3 改革课堂教学，推进素质教育5 3.3.1 将数学问题“开放”6 3.32 指导学法，培养学生的自学能力 .6 第四章 结论.7 参考文献8 致谢9 I 摘摘 要要 数学教育是学生在校学习的重要组成部分,然而数学这门学科的特点是，数 学课培养学生能力的主要途径是课堂教学。只有探讨出优质的教学方法和教学 手段才能够有助于学生的能力培养。现如今正是我国教育体质改革从“应试教 育”转向“素质教育”的关键阶段，但由于经济条件不同、文化差异等因素导 致我国对素质教育的探讨出现了许多的盲区。本文就“数学课堂素质教育”这 一课题作一个探讨并总结出如何在数学课堂中实施数学课堂素质教育。 关键词：关键词： 数学课题 素质教育 探讨 总结 II Abstract Mathematics education is an important part of student learning, however, the characteristics of the discipline of mathematics is the main way to cultivate students ability, mathematics teaching is classroom teaching. Cultivate the ability to only to high-quality teaching methods and means to help students. Now it is Chinas education system reform from “exam oriented education“ to “the key stage of quality education“, but due to the factors of economic condition is different, the cultural differences lead to discussion of the education in our country has many blind spots. The subject of this paper is “mathematics classroom education“ as a study and summarized how to implement quality education in classroom mathematics in mathematics classroom. Keywords: Mathematics classroom; Character Building Education; investigation; Summary 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 1 第一章 绪论 1.1 数学课堂教学中素质教育的研究意义 中国教育改革和发展纲要指出：中小学要由“应试教育”转向全面提 高国民素质的轨道，面向全体学生，全面提高学生的思想道德、文化科学、劳 动技能和身体心理素质，促进学生生动活泼地发展。应试教育向素质教育的转 变是大势所趋，这是我国基础教育改革的一场重要战役，是一场伟大的基础教 育革命。这场革命并不陌生，曾经一度在全国各地展开得轰轰烈烈。但由于各 个地区之间的经济条件不同和文化的差异及教学水平不同等因素导致了对素质 教育本身的理解产生了偏差，导致在素质教育上产生了一些误区。而且数学这 门学科在课堂教学中普遍存在着以下问题：教学内容太多、偏深、过旧；在教 学方法上偏重于灌输，缺乏对学生创新和实际能力等方面的培养。在这个由 “应试教育”转向“素质教育”的探究道路上，作为一名教育工作者我们有责 任也有义务为祖国的教育事业奉献出自己的一份力量，研究出在当代数学课堂 教学中素质教育对学生全面发展的最佳方案及符合素质教育的数学教育模式。 保证我国这一重大教育改革取得圆满成功。 1.2 数学课堂教学中素质教育现如今的研究成果 为了适应社会发展的需要，我国教育体制改革迫在眉睫。正处在这一教育 体制改革关键时期的教育工作相关人士通过不断的探索，研究和总结出了一系 列优秀的成果。如：河北省武安市的韩晓丽老师在浅谈数学课堂中素质教育 提到，教师要灵活选择教法，促进学生的自主学习，好的教学发放的主要特征 是有利于学生的自主学习。在课堂上老师讲授内容要抓住的只是重点、难点， 画龙点睛，适时启发点拨，使学生深入透彻理解，讲授时间要尽可能短，凡是 经过指导学生理解的问题，老师就不要包办代替，把更多的时间留给学生，让 学生有足够的时间进行思考和练习，在练习中培养能力，开发智力。河南省信 阳市的赵容敬老师在浅析高中数学课堂教学中的素质教育中强调，良好的 数学基础和较高的数学能力就是指较高的数学素质，加强学生的基础、提高学 生的能力就成为数学素质教育的重要内容。路晓明老师在初中数学课堂教学 中的素质教育中提到，提高学生的数学素质，必须真正以学生为主体，一切 活动都必须以调动学生的主观能动性为出发点，引导学生自主活动，使学生真 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 2 正成为认知的主体。 1.3 数学课堂教学中素质教育现如今的研究方向 素质教育是根据人类的发展需要和社会发展的具体需求，以全面提高学生 的综合素质为根本目的，促进学生德、智、美、育、体等方面的发展，培养学 生成为社会的合格接班人的学校教育。数学作为学校教育课程体系中的一门重 要学科，是素质教育的重要组成部分。就数学学科的特点而言，就必须研究出 一套能够使学生适应现代社会发展需要，有效提高自身发展的具体方案。所以 如今的数学教育工作者面临的实际问题是该如何正确理解素质教育，该如何有 效地把素质教育与数学课堂相融合，这也是现如今数学教育工作者对数学课堂 教学中素质教育的研究方向。 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 3 第二章 数学课堂中素质教育对我国教育体制改革的意义 2.1 素质教育对我国教育体制改革的影响 伴随着社会的不断进步和经济的快速发展，这将不断地带给人们崭新的思 维方式、教育方式、生活方式及生产方式，这将会从根本上变革以前的社会文 化，当然教育体制的改革就是不断地探索、更新得以适应新的社会环境。一个 国家发展潜力的衡量标准就是人才的质量和数量，它将直接影响一个国家的生 存和发展，当代社会就是一个知识竞争的时代，是一场人才和知识的竞争。而 人才问题也就是一个国家的教育问题，只有随着时代的进步教育体制改革不断 深化、完整才能够强国。然而之前的“应试教育”已经不能够适应现代教育体制 的需求， “应试教育”只以学生的成绩为目的，不注重学生的身心发展，反复地 灌输知识，强化作业以及永无休止的考试，完全把学生当成考试机器来培养。 这样会使学生产生一股无形的压力强迫学生学习，使学生的学习极为被动，只 会让学生更厌学，长此以后会使学生内在学习动机和个性丧失殆尽，消磨了学 生的创造力，使学生只对考试结果感兴趣而对探求真理、问题解决本身缺乏了 激情。这怎么能承担得起为一个新的时代培养人才的崇高使命呢？这样的教育 培养出来的人难以应付知识经济时代瞬息万变的复杂局面。 素质教育就应完全丢弃这些弊端。第一、素质教育是全民教育，旨在提高 全体国民的素质。第二、素质教育史面向全体学生的教育。承认每一个学生的 兴趣、个性多样性和家庭环境的差异，并在此基础上创造性地开展教学活动， 使课堂成为一种和谐的教学环境，使每个学生都能够自觉地、生动活泼地学习。 第三、素质教育是全面的教育，旨在创造一个适用于学生成长的教育环境，是 所有学生都能够接受到优质的教育，每个学生都能接收到适用于其自身个性特 点的教育。满足每个学生的知识、道德、身体、情感、社会需求，形成当代社 会所需要的更高的知识技能。这正符合现代社会教育体制的需要，也是我国教 育体制所需要靠拢的教育目标。 2.2 数学教学在素质教育中的作用 学校教育是素质教育的重要组成部分，而数学这门学科又是学校教育不可 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 4 缺失的部分。数学通过数量关系，用形式化、模式化等方法来研究事物的性质 和特征，与社会生活联系得十分紧密。在教学过程中我们可以充分利用挖掘数 学知识的结构特点、思维逻辑等积极探讨出数学知识、数学方法和素质教育的 结合点，促进学生素质的提高，使学生积极地学习数学，有兴趣地学数学，促 进学生在快乐中学习、成长。 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 5 第三章 数学课堂教学中实施素质教育 如何在数学课堂教学中实施素质教育，在数学课堂中如何坚持素质教育的 全面性、基础性、创造性、发展性原则，使素质教育贯穿于整个数学教学过程 中，如何在数学课堂教学中提高学生的素质教育，这是目前我国教育体制改革 的迫切问题和任务，也是对学校、教师的基本要求，也就是目前数学教育工作 者们共同面对的难题。本人在此对数学课堂教学中实施素质教育提出以下浅见。 3.1 提高教师自身的素质是实施素质教育的前提 古人云：师者传道授业解惑也。实施素质教育，教师起着主导的作用，只 有教师自身的素质提高了，才能够在课堂教学中用有效方法和途径实施素质教 育。伴随着社会的发展，作为一名光荣的人民教师应该具有更高的为师能力才 能符合社会的需要，教师应当解放教育思想，转变教育观念，提高教学水平， 以培养学生全面发展，创新精神和创造能力为目标，以培育出适应社会发展需 要的人才为目的。将这些精神融入到教学中，潜移默化地影响学生。在工作上， 教师要多学习多充电，逐步提升自身的教学水平和管理水平。教师肩负着教书 育人的重任，尤其要做好学生的表率，教师的人格魅力影响到学生，使学生乐 学、爱学，提高教学效果。 3.2 提高学生数学素质是关键 提高学生的数学素质得从提高学生的数学能力和数学思想两个方面入手。 数学能力是指学生具备了基本的数学知识和技能，并能通过认真观察、分析、 思考、判断等一系列行为，解决日常生活中遇到的数学问题。所以培养学生的 数学能力是提高学生数学素质的重要部分，也是数学课堂教学中实施素质教育 的目标。数学思想是学习数学知识提炼出来的精髓，比如分析归纳、数学建模 等思想，都是数学智慧的结晶。所以培养学生的数学思想是提高数学素质的不 可缺失的一部分，这也正是数学课堂教学中实施素质教育的目的。 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 6 3.3 改革课堂教学，推进素质教育 改革数学课堂，优化教学过程，提高教学质量，将课堂教学内容与素质教 育相结合，这是数学教学中实施素质教育的主体工程。 3.3.1 将数学问题“开放” 数学问题的开发式的显著特点是其思考空间宽广，思维活动的自由度大， 学生的思维活动易于展开，解决问题的途径也更多，与以往的封闭式教学完全 不同，更符合我当代学生发展的需要。将数学问题的开放式的教学为学生提供 了更多的交流与合作空间，促进了学生之间的情感，培养了学生的创造思维和 探索精神，为充分发挥学生的主体作用创造了条件。 例如，有这样一道题目：已知一个圆的直径和一条直线到圆心的距离，求 直线和圆有几个公共点。这是一道常规性题目，我们可以将这个问题改造为城 市是否遭受台风袭击的开放式题目。通过这样的改造，使学生对问题的探究和 结论产生浓厚的兴趣，让学生的思维得到开发和发展。 3.3.2 指导学法，培养学生的自学能力 如今的教学观念应该从以老师为主体转变成以学生为主体，学生从“要学” 转变成“好学” 。课堂教学改革的主要目标是培养学生的自学能力，因为自学能 力的培养才能开发学生的思维，让学生个性化发展，这也是素质教育的根本意 义。教师不能直接把现成的知识交给学生，而是把学习知识的方法交给学生， 只有掌握学习知识的方法，学生才能够享用一生。例如在教学“三角形面积” 一课时，首先让学生用纸片剪成正方形和长方形各一个，然后再让学生将正方 形和长方形分别剪成两个相等的三角形。再指导学生进行比较，学生很快就能 总结出：三角形的面积等于底乘高除二。这样，通过教师引导，学生动手剪拼， 再加上对以前知识的复习运用，学生很快就能掌握了学习、推导三角形面积的 方法与技巧。 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 7 第四章 结论 如今是一个高科技的时代，未来科技的发展更是不可预测，一个国家的繁 荣离不开高科技人才，教育兴国就是一个硬道理，实施素质教育已是我国教育 的一项迫切而又艰难任务，数学课堂教学中实施素质教育更是一道艰辛的旅程， 这需要广大教育工作者们进行不断地探索和实践，为我国教育事业出力，为祖 国未来的发展贡献出自己应有的一份力量。由于本人学术有限及时间仓促，在 此对中学数学课堂教学作出浅谈，如果出现有误或不解的地方，希望广大同胞 予以谅解。 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 8 参考文献 一、中文部一、中文部分 1韩晓丽浅谈数学课堂中的素质教育J.中国知网：中国学术期刊.2011 年第 17 期.第 一页 2赵荣敬.浅谈高中数学课堂教学中的素质教育J.教育教学论坛.2011-08-05.第一页 3路晓明.初中数学课堂教学中的素质教育J.发展.2009-01-05.第一页 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 9 致谢 非常感谢我的论文指导老师徐波教授对我完成论文的耐心指导及提出的宝 贵意见，这篇论文得以完成都是靠您的优秀指导。还要感谢那些为教育事业而 不断研究探索的教育工作者，有了你们的汗水才赢来祖国今天的成就，让我们 一起为祖国的长远发展而奋斗吧！ 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 10 请您删除一下内容，请您删除一下内容，O(_)O 谢谢！谢谢！Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese 请您删除一下内容，请您删除一下内容，O(_)O 谢谢！谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming “Golden Week“ it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, “China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli“. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name “Haren Arxan“ means “hot holy water“ in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival“ or “Daughters Festival.“ In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the “Chinese Valentines Day.“ More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready 兴义民族师范学院本科毕业论文 11 reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying “Sales on Chinese Valentines Day!“ in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. As APEC is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly livin