雅思阅读课程学习指南.doc

黑龙江大学外语部应用提高管理中心雅思阅读课程学习指南“雅思阅读”课程学习指南一、课程基础：雅思阅读课程的对象主要针对经过大学英语基础阶段学习，英语已经具备了一定的基础，最好是英语四级已通过或与这个水平很接近的，需要进一步提高英语应试能力的学生。本课程为选修课。二、适应对象：本课程特别适合准备参加雅思考试的学生，对提高大学英语四级和六级阅读技能同样有所帮助。也适合全校文、理科各专业学生。 三、教学目的：本课程教学目标是为了提高学生雅思考试阅读部分的应试能力。 同时提高英语四六级考试阅读部分的分数，从而提高学生的英语水平。本课程是一门雅思考试应试课程。它突破传统的思维定式，从寻找语言重现的角度分析雅思阅读八类题型的解答技巧，提高阅读能力和考试分数。本课程提供大量阅读练习配合技能讲解，旨在有效提高学生英语阅读的应试技能。四、内容提要：课程主要讲授雅思阅读解题技巧，分八个部分：1）选择题解题技巧；2）简答题解题技巧；3）概要题解题技巧；4）句子填空题题解题技巧；5）图表/流程图填空题解题技巧；6）段落标题选择题解题技巧；7）匹配题解题技巧；8）观点态度识别题解题技巧。 五、自主学习 授课模式：基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式是为了帮助学生达到大学英语应用提高阶段教学要求所设计的一种新型英语教学模式。强调个性化教学与自主学习，以及教师可通过课堂进行辅导，传授知识和技能的特点，使学生可在教师的指导下，根据自己的特点、水平、时间，选择合适的学习内容，借助计算机的帮助，迅速提高自己的英语综合实用能力，达到最佳学习效果。1、教学模式的构成教学对象： 学生 教学内容： 雅思阅读教学环境： 计算机（单机或网络） 课堂教学 教学方式： 自学+辅导 面试 教学组织者： 教师 教学管理：教务处、教师和计算机管理软件 图一、基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式2、基于计算机的英语学习过程大学外语应用提高教学阶段各门课程采用“以传统教学模式为主，以网络自主学习模式为辅”的教学模式。如下图： 初始测验学习课程每课测试 合 格 进入下一课程学习 已学到应该接受辅导的课程 继续学习 接受面授辅导 辅导通过 图二、基于计算机的英语学习过程六、自主学习 学习方法：依据建构主义学习理论，在教学中采用自主学习、讨论学习等教学方法 ，采用学生为主体进行自主学习和训练及教师为主导进行讲授相结合的教学方法。通过课前预习准备、课堂情景体验、课堂知识归纳、课堂及课后知识和语言运用等四个阶段的教学活动设计，倡导体验式自主学习以任务型和小组合作、案例教学方法为依托，体验英语语言和文化知识学习的过程，在实践中学，以学习者已有的语言知识及文化知识和经验为整个学习过程的出发点，强调通过学习者积极、主动地参与各种真实目的语中语言、文化现象和实践活动来学习。七、自主学习评价大学英语自主学习强调集诊断性、形成性、终结性评估为一体的评价体系，突出学生的过程性评价、自评与互评，通过课堂活动和课外活动的记录、网上自学记录、学习档案记录、访谈和座谈等形式对学生学习过程进行观察、评估和监督，促进学生有效地学习，有效地提高学生的自主学习能力。4雅思阅读 Lecture One Introduction 课程介绍. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to master: 1.the format of Ielts Reading Test;2.the requirement of the course. Procedures 1.Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do any of you know anything about Ilelts reading test?2.The points to be highlighted: Master the format of Ielts Reading Test.3.Study the lecture in detail:概述：1雅思A类文章的主要内容：关于世界(特别是指欧洲)社会发展，经济状况，文化交流以及学科动向的文章关于地球，自然界的科学现象及地理现象的文章人类历史发展中重要事件，重要人物及重要标志型产品雅思A类文章选取的方式及主要出处2雅思阅读的特点题材独特题型多样阅读量大 重能力，轻词汇3考生阅读时的常见问题不良阅读习惯 考试时间把握不好忽视题目要求不熟悉内容的干扰过大 轻视文章中的数据忽视文章中的图表答案抄写的时间不够4影响雅思阅读成绩的几个方面单词句子(尤其是长句、复杂句)快速阅读能力（1）阅读习惯（2）取舍能力（3）雅思阅读题型、阅读方法的融会贯通 （4）强化练习5雅思阅读文章和时间的分配方案重点文章和非重点文章三篇阅读文章的题目要求三篇阅读文章的标题各篇文章的题型阅读各篇文章开始的13行雅思阅读的时间分配方案6雅思文章的题型Multiple ChoiceGap filling/ complete the sentenceYes/ No/ Not GivenMatching/ ClassificationParagraph HeadingSummeryComplete the table/flow chartShort answer questions7雅思的评分标准体系61- 1=12- 3=23- 9=310-15=416-22=523-28=629-35=736-39=840=94.Practical exercises1.什么是雅思？ 2.两种可供选择的考试类型 3.雅思考试内容 4.雅思评分详细说明 . Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I understood the format of Ielts reading.1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I know of the requirement of Ielts reading course.1 2 3 4 5 I know about the scoring system of Ielts reading test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Two Language Reoccurrence 三种语言重现. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to master: 1the three types of language reoccurrence in Ielts Reading Test;2the skills to do the test. Procedures 1. Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do any of you know anything about the secret of finding answers in a reading test?Which words in the question can be used as key words?2. The points to be highlighted: To understand three types of language reoccurrence and the skills of using them.3. Study the lecture in detail:概述：关键词重现分成3类AA语言重现、AB语言重现和关系重现。AA 语言重现定义：关键词在原文中以原文形式出现。他以特殊关键词为主，包括人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。AB 语言重现定义：关键词A 在原文中以同义词B的形式出现。AB 语言重现考察学生的单词量。 定位很关键，出要平理解语言的能力。关系重现所谓关系重现是把定位对象从此上升到句子结构，从而越过生词造成的阅读障碍。这是最关键的一类语言重现，是阅读技巧的完美体现。4. Practical exercises Do Exercises 1-5 on your handout. . Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I understood what a key word is.1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I know of the three types of language reoccurrence.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to find the answer to the question. 25雅思阅读 Lecture Three Signal Words 信号词. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1get to know the signal words;2find and use the signal words in reading;. Procedures 1.Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do you know the signal words in reading test?2. The points to be highlighted: To find and use the signal words in reading.3. Study the lecture in detail:概述：1. 转折信号词 转折信号词的作用是否定前项肯定后项，使前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示转折关系的信号词有： but，yet，however，whereas，： in fact，on the contrary，conversely，on the other hand等。2 让步信号词让步信号词的作用与转折信号词相同，让前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示让步关系的信号词有：though，although，while，albeit，despite，inspiteOf，nevertheless，nonetheless等。3 并列信号词 阅读中碰到复杂的大并列时，先看连词后面的内容。如果连词后面是动词，回上文找并列的动词；如果是形容词，就回上文找形容词性的并列成分，包括-ing分词和-ed分词。表示并列关系的信号词有：and，or，as well as，rather than等。4特殊关键词 特殊关键词(人名、地名、时间、数字和生词)是最好的定位标志，多以AA的形式重现。5 比较信号词比较分为类比和对比两种。做题时要理解比较的双方(谁同谁比较)、比较点(比较什 么)和比较的方向(结果怎么样)。 类比比较相同点，信号词有asas，like，similar，parallel等。7 因果信号词 大因果表示原因或结果的成分都是句子的，叫大因果。 表示原因的信号词：because，in that，as，since等。6 举例信号词 举例信号词是对上文的解释说明，信号词前后的内容意思相同。可用做举例的信号的有：for example，for instance，like，such as等。英语里的破折号和冒号也有相同的作用o4. Practical exercises Do Exercises 6-47 on your handout. . Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I understood what a signal word is.1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I know of the six types of signal words.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use them to help to find the answer to the question. 雅思阅读 Lecture Four Multiple Choice 选择题. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to master: 1. get to know the skill to do multiple choice questions;2. get to master the skills. Procedures 1.Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do any of you know anything about skills of finding answers in a multiple choice test?2.The points to be highlighted: To understand three types of language reoccurrence and the skills of using them.3.Study the lecture in detail:单选题概述：很多人自以为对付单选题游刃有余，因为它们早已司空见惯，但实际的考试结果却并不理想。这主要是因为对选择题的基本特点不大了解。就单选题而言，答案选项就是与原文最接近的一项。 原文 X 题干 原文说了什么? (注：X，与X，都是原文X的同义词。) A X B 丫 C Z D X Solution 1:运用排除法。由于选择题的答案有上述特点，所以做题时要采用“排除法”筛选答案。也就是把ABCD思想重新浏览一遍，选择语原文所表述的内容最相近的答案。另外，排除法也是用于多选多，标题选择和匹配题型。Solution 2:注意选项中的关键词。在题干意义模糊，无法定位时，要借助被选项确定关键词。Solution 3:出现了绝对词的选项90不是答案。 绝大多数出现了表达绝对意义词汇的选项不是答案。绝对词包括形容词和副词最高级， all, most， only， must， always， usually， invariably， greatly， entirely，largely等。Solution 4:出现比较级的选项90不是答案。 比较级有三要素：比较双方、比较点和比较方向。三项里任何一方与原文不符都不能成为答案。多选题概述： 多选题的题目要求里都会说明需要选择答案的个数。Solution 1阅读时留意文章中的多项并列，时间空间顺序，因果关系，递进关系。它们都是多选题的出题点。4. Practical exercises Do Exercises 48-53 on your handout. . Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to find the answer to the question in the multiple question test.1 2 3 4 5 I know of the skills of dong multiple question test.雅思阅读 Lecture Five Short Answer 简答题. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the short answer questions;2.get to know the skills in doing the test. Procedures 1.Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: What is the key point to do short answer questions?2.The points to be highlighted: To get to know the skills of doing the short answer test.3.Study the lecture in detail:概述：简答题是一类简单的题型。要求考生在规定的数字内回答问题。Solutions:第一步，读完题目要求之后记住该组题的前两题(即：首题)，到文章当中去skimming，以便找到相关出处； 第二步，找到答案处后scanning 确立答案； 第三步，找到出处之后仔细推敲该段的意思，找到答案并填写在答题纸上。 一般而言，考生做简答题时可考虑下面两点顺序性和特色题： 1顺序性 大多数情况下，考生会发现简答题有较强的“顺序性”，即：在同一组题目当中，序号在前的题目，其在文中相应的出处也较为靠前。 例如：15题为某篇文章的一组简答题，则在大多数情况下，第1、2题在文章当中的相应的依据在第4、5题的相应的位置之前。这样，考生应该先重点留意第1、2题在文章当中相应的位置，然后再在其后的内容中去找第3、4、5题的位置。 2特色题特色题是指题干或者答案中有年份、数据、人名、地名、斜体、黑体等信息的题目。对于这种题，如果我们没有足够的时间，我们应该优先考虑先做这样的题目。因为我们能够在文章当中直接看到这些题目的相关出处或者是行数。注意：*定位语言重现是做简答题的关键，即题干往往含有明显的关键词。*答案都是细节内容，不考归纳总结。*在规定字数内答题。*注意字母大小写、单复数和数字的单位。4.Practical exercises Do Exercises 54 on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I understood what a key word is.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to help find the answer to the question.1 2 3 4 5 I know the solution in doing short answer question test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Six Summary 概述题. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the format of summary test;2. get to know the skills in doing the summary test. Procedures 1.Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Why is cloze a difficult question? Do you know anything about Summary Question in Ielts Reading?2.The points to be highlighted: To master the skills of doing the summary test.3.Study the lecture in detail:概述：雅思的SUMMARY填空题令很多考生头痛。它很像我们熟悉的完型填空题，共有两种考法：1概括原文多个段落，提供备选项(少见)。2改写部分原文(23段)，没有备选项(多见)。基本上，第一类难度较大，因为需要在全文寻找答案，且备选项大都是原文的AB重现。Solutions: SUMMARY填空题是原文的改写或概括，句子之间相互联系。所以要放慢速度把原文和题目的句子仔细做比较。可按以下步骤来做： 1. 精读SUMMARY文字的首句，如果发现特殊关键词(人名、地名、时间、数字和生词)，即可定位，开始浏览；如果首句含糊，就读到第一个空格，判断空格的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)，并在空格前后确定关键词。 2. 回原文查找关键词可能出现的3种语言重现(AA，AB或关系重现)。建议在语言重现的上下文逐句精读，不要跳读。 3 发现语言重现，精读上下文。已给备选项的要从选项里找出所有同词性元素，再根据词义筛选答案。例如，如果空格缺少动词，先看备选项中有哪些动词，再看谁与原文意思相符。没有备选项的要回原文对应处选词，必要时调整答案的形式。如：主动语态变被动语态，单数变复数等。 另外还有几点需注意： 回原文定位SUMMARY的起始位置是做好填空题的关键：SUMMARY可能是任何一个段落的概括，即可能出现在文章的开头、中间或结尾，在浏览时要准确定位。多数出现SUMMARY的段落不设置其他题型。SUMMARY只在很少的情况下与其他题型交叉或重叠。*SUMMARY 是对原文的改写，因特别留意AB语言重现。*天空体的答案多为生词的AA语言重现。*注意对应性 答案与原文中常常有如下对应关系： 原词一原词 名词一动词 主动一被动 原词一同义词近义词 原因一结果 多侧面论述一归纳总结。4.Practical exercises Do Exercises 55-56 on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I understood the format of summary test.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to help find the answer to the question.1 2 3 4 5 I know the solution in doing summary question test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Seven Sentence Filling 完成句子. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the sentence filling questions;2. get to know the skills in doing the test. Procedures Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do you know the format of sentence filling questions? What is solution to this type of question in test?The points to be highlighted: To get to know the skills in doing filling question tests.Study the lecture in detail:概述：句子填空题的特点和前面讲过的summary填空相似，是用原文中的细节信息把题目中的句子补充完整。做题思路：1做题前要理解整个句子的含义并判断空格所缺词的词性，并确定关键词，然后回原文找重现。2如果题目中有特殊的关键词：人名、地名、时间、数字和生词，可以直接回原文找它们；如果没有类似信息，大多数情况下原文只会重现题干的含义。当题很复杂或含有生词时，要留意其中是否存在可以利用的关系，例如比较关系和因果关系。3找到关键词的语言重现后精读原文，并找到题目需要的词语作为答案。 Practical exercises Do Exercises: It is better to give than to receive on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I understood the format of sentence filling question test.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to help find the answer to the question.1 2 3 4 5 I know the solution in doing sentence filling question test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Eight Table and Chart Filling 图表/流程图填空. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the completion of a chart;2. get to know the skills in doing the chart filling test. Procedures Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Have you done any paper about filling a chart based on a reading? What is the solution to this type of question?The points to be highlighted: To know the skills in doing the chart filling tests.Study the lecture in detail:概述：雅思考试的一个特点之就是要考查考生对于图表的理解和阅读能力，因此，偶尔出现填图或填表题。其听填内容五花八门，但总体上有以下几种：数词、数据；人名、地名；流程、过程：原因、结果等等 一般而言，填同、填表题较为容易，因为题目中已知的信息很多，容易找到该题在文章中的相关位置； 一、解题思路 第一步，读题目要求后，仔细研究图表中已知信息； 第二步，根据已知信息到文章中去找相应的段落，并填写答案； 第三步，按顺序性原则，将已知题目的前、后题的位置找到，并填写答案。二、正确答案的特征 1原文和正确答案多是同义和改写关系； 2.顺序性较明显； 3.该组题目中各题的答案往往较为集中，多在某一段，偶尔在连续的12段中。Practical exercises Do Exercises: 57-59 on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I understood the format of chart filling question test.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to help find the answer to the question.1 2 3 4 5 I know the solution in doing chart filling question test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Nine Paragraph Heading 标题选择. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the paragraph heading questions;2. get to know the skills in doing the test. Procedures Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Have you done any test about paragraph heading questions? What is the solution to this type of question?The points to be highlighted: To know the skills in doing the paragraph heading reading test.Study the lecture in detail:概述：“标题选择”是雅思阅读中惟一的概括题型。它要求从备选项中选出归纳段落大意最全面的一项。每次考试几乎都会出现，题目数量在56个。其中既有一目了然的简单题，也不乏必须反复斟酌的难题。1段落结构类型一：总分型2段落结构类型二：分总型段落结构类型二：总分总型段落结构类型二：对比型原则1用排除法筛选答案。排除与本段无关的新概念，排除本段提到的的小细节。原则2以段为单位，先完成细节题，再归纳段意。说明 也就是说，一段话中很可能包括选择、判断等细节题，先逐行寻找细节题的答案，到段落结束时再概括段落大意。请看一个刚才举过的例子：备选项不复选，只使用一次。因此，凡是已选过的项都可以排除。原则4注意原文和选项中所包含的数字、比较、原因或结果关系。原则3注意文章与选项之间的同义词或原文反复强调的内容。Practical exercises Do Exercises: 60-70 on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate how well you have mastered the objectives set at the beginning of this Lecture:1 2 3 4 5 I could identify the key points of the lecture.1 2 3 4 5 I understood the format of paragraph heading question test.1 2 3 4 5 I can find the key word and use it to help find the answer to the question.1 2 3 4 5 I know the solution in paragraph heading question test. 雅思阅读 Lecture Ten Matching (1) 匹配（1）. Learning ObjectivesAfter learning this lecture you are able to: 1. get to know the matching questions;2. get to know the skills in doing the test. Procedures Before studying the lecture, you should talk about the following questions: Do you know any thing about the format of matching questions in Ielts Reading test? Do you know the skills of doing this type of questions?The points to be highlighted: To know the skills in doing the matching question test.Study the lecture in detail:概述：配对题的类型众多，大致可分为因果关系配对，正反关系配对和从属关系配对。正反关系配对题 正反比关系配对题，是依据原文内容判断题干同选项之间为正比关系、反比关系或无关系。做这类题目时，除了留意语言重现，还要注意表示数量变化的词汇。因果关系配对题 因果关系配对题是指，根据原文内容在备选项中找出题千的结果或原因。我们曾多次强调因果关系在雅思阅读中的重要性，在回原文寻找关键词语言重现的时候应该更加关注字里行间表示因果关系的小词，尤其是由动词或介词表达的小因果关系。Practical exercises Do Exercises: 71-72 on your handout. Self-assessments: On a scale 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all,” 2 means “not very well”, 3 means “moderately well,” 4 means “well,” and 5 means “very well,” rate ho