英语写作万能开头和结尾.doc

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羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁螇芇莀薄肆芆蒂蝿羂莅薄薂袈莅芄螈螄羁莆薀蚀羀蕿袆肈罿芈虿羄罿莁袄袀羈蒃蚇螆羇薅蒀肅肆芅蚅羁肅莇蒈袇肄蒀蚄螃肃艿蒆蝿肃莁螂肇肂蒄薅羃肁薆螀衿肀芆薃螅腿莈螈蚁膈蒀薁羀膇膀螇羆膇莂薀袂膆蒅袅螈膅薇蚈肇膄芇蒁羃膃荿蚆衿节蒁葿螄芁膁蚄蚀芁芃蒇聿芀蒆蚃羅艿薈薆袁芈芇螁 四大模板式写法 第一大模板法：引题 + 一方观点+另一方观点 + 我方观点 引题：九大引题方法一：在谈到时，人们对于这个充满争议的话题所持的观点各不相同。 When talking about （/it comes to /it refers to) _, peoples opinions are divergent on such a controversial issue.二：最近经常辩论的一个问题是 A much debated issue these days is whether There is a public (/general) debate (/discussion/ controversy) today (/nowadays) on (/about/ over/ as to) the problem (/issue) of 三：最近的问题已经引起了人们广泛的关注。 Recently the problem （/issue）of _+ has drawn (/aroused) public (/worldwide) attention.+ has caused (/aroused) wide (/general/ considerable/ international) concern.四：近来的问题已经广为天下人所知。 Recently the issue (/problem) of has been in the limelight (/brought into focus/ brought to public attention/ posed among the general public).五：在过去的年里，很多城市面临了的严重问题。 In recent (/ the past ) years, many cities (/nations/ people) have been faced with (/plagued with/ troubled with/ experienced/ witnessed/ undergone) the (/a/an) serious problem of (/acute shortage of/ alarming increase in) 六：如今我们国家面临的最为紧迫的任务之一是 One of the burning (/pressing/interesting) problems facing (/confronting/ troubling) our nation (/society/ world/ community) today is that 七：现在很多人谈论的最热门的话题之一是 One of the biggest issues （/ hottest topics/ most popular things/ most serious problems） many people talk (/complain) about now is 八：随着 With the rapid (/marked/ amazing) development (/increase/improvement/expansion/growth/ decline) of _, With the general (/growing/ common) recognition (/realization/ acknowledgement) of _, With the general (/growing/ common) commitment (/devotion/ dedication) to_, With the general (/growing/ common) interest in (/concern over/ enthusiasm for) _, With _ playing an increasingly big role in _, a growing number of _. With _ attaching much importance to _, an increasing number of _.九：如今有一种趋势。 Nowadays (Currently/ Recently), there is a growing (/ unhealthy) tendency to (/in/ that) 一方观点 + 另一方观点：两大表述方法一：一些人认为，另一些人认为。 The vast (/ overwhelming) majority of people say (/ think/ believe/ maintain/ hold) that , while other people （/others） claim (/argue/ insist/ contend/ proclaim) that . Most (/ Many/ Quite a few/ Some) people say (/think/ believe/ maintain/ hold) that , but other people (/others) claim (/argue/ insist/ contend/ proclaim) that . The vast (/overwhelming) majority of people say (/think/ believe/ maintain/ hold) that , but others view quite differently (but others think a bit differently/ but others think that the opposite is true). They argue (/claim/ contend/ proclaim) that . The overwhelming majority would support that _; others, however, take the negative attitude.二：反对者认为，拥护者认为。 Those who criticize (oppose/ object to) argue (/contend) that . They believe that , but people who advocate (/favor) , on the other hand, maintain (/assert/ proclaim) that . 我方观点：就我个人而言，我认为。 To my mind (/In my opinion), . However, I firmly believe (/ hold/ maintain) . However, it is my firmly (/unswervingly /consistently） held view that . From the personal perspective, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. Personally, I am in favor of (/support) the view (/idea/ opinion/ argument) that . Personally, I would prefer . For my part, I would choose to . As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems . To be frank, I would like to support . After considering (/pondering) the issue, I hold (/ maintain/ believe) .agree/ disagree 型加入：我同意/不同意前/后者的观点，我认为。 I agree/ disagree with the former/ latter. I hold (/maintain/ believe) that . I approve/ disapprove of the former/ latter idea. I hold (/maintain/ believe) that . I am (not ) in favor of the former/ latter idea. I hold (/maintain/ believe) that .变体一：一方观点+另一方观点 + 我方观点变体二：引题 + 我方观点第二大模板法：流行观点(七大表述法) + 我方观点一：如今人们普遍认为，他们说。我方观点。 Now, it is commonly (/generally/ widely) believed (/thought/ held/ accepted/ felt/ recognized/ acknowledged) that . They claim (believe/ argue) that . .二：如今经常听到的一种批评声音是。他们说。我不同意这种观点，原因如下。 A criticism often heard these days is that . They say that . I disagree with this point of view for the following reasons.三：对于公众来说。我方观点。 To the general public (/To most people/ To the popular mind/ In most peoples opinion), . .四：关于这个问题，多数人说。我方观点。 In response (/reaction/ answer) to the event (/ phenomenon/ idea/ question), the majority of people say (/ think) . .五：是目前流行的的做法。我方观点。 is a popular (/ widespread/ common) method (/ way) of .六：近来我们一直听到关于的说法。他们说。我方观点。 These days we often hear about . They claim (/ argue/ say) that . .七：我们经常听说。我方观点。 We are often shown (/ told) these days that . .第三大模板法：引题 + 流行观点 +提出质疑（四大质疑法）一：引题。流行观点。但是他们没有意识到。. . But do they realize?二：引题。流行观点。但是这种做法明智么？越来越多的人对此表示质疑。. . but is it a fair (/ wise/ reasonable) one? This method (/ way) is now being questioned (/ challenged) by more and more people.三：引题。流行观点。但是果真如此吗？仔细分析一下，就证明这种观点站不住脚。. . But is it true? Close examination (/analysis/ scrutiny) doesnt bear out(证实) the claim (/argument).四：引题。流行观点。但是情况果真如此吗？. . But is this really the case?第四大模板法：引题 + 让步转折句：五大让步转折法一：引题。的确，不过。. It is true that , but .二：引题。似乎，不过。. It seems that , but .三：引题。不可否认的是，不过。. It is undeniable that , but . Undeniably, , but .四：引题。但是尽管，几乎没有证据证明。. But although (/Admittedly,) , there is no (/little) evidence. But although(/Admittedly,) , it is questioned (/doubted) that .五：引题。但是尽管，我还是认为。. Although , I believe one should .结 尾1）兴利除弊“兴利除弊”应该是一种比较简单的折衷方案，在优缺点类文章中特别常用。即在分析完考题所涉及事物的优缺点之后，在结尾段提出“优缺点都有，我们要兴利除弊”这样的折衷方案。例如以下考题：The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?在讨论完英语作为全球性语言的利与弊之后，结尾段可以这样提出折衷观点：To sum up, it is difficult to tell whether or not the advantages outweigh the disadvantages regarding the spread of English as a global language. What we may have to consider is how to accept this trend as positive while at the same time staying away from its drawbacks.2）平衡发展很多考题需要考生讨论两种观点，通常会有“discuss both views and give your own opinion”这样的提问要求。很多情况下，文中说到的两种观点表面上看来是完全相反，但其实并不矛盾，可以用“平衡发展”的思路来提出观点。例如考题：Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.在讨论完发展旅游的必要性和保护文化传统的重要性之后，结尾段可以这样提出折衷方案：We should find the right balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I believe the government has a very important role to play here. In my own country, for example, many tourist cities have made effective development plans to successfully attract large numbers of visitors while still preserving their distinct cultural traditions.有时在讨论完A和B两种观点以后，可以提出类似于“同意A还是B要取决于”这样的折衷观点，前文讲到的动物试验是否可以进行取决于试验的性质就是属于这样的方案。再比如下面这个例子：Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?在讨论完动物当宠物养的理由和动物当食物吃的理由之后，结尾段可以这样提出观点：From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether animals should be treated like pets or as sources of food and clothes. It largely depends on what kinds of animals they are. But what remains undoubted is that we should treat animals with a humane attitude and bear in mind that they are important in preserving natures ecological equilibrium.（4）解决方法很多双边讨论型文章中所讨论的两种观点其实是可以通过某种方案来“化解矛盾”的，例如这道考题：In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should wok in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.在讨论完“支边”的利（缩小城乡差距）与弊（年轻人丧失自由）之后，我们可以提出这样一种解决方案：The best solution, therefore, is not to order, but to encourage. We should instill a sense of responsibility in young people and give more incentives to those who are willing to work in difficult areas, so that we can address the problem of urban-rural disparity while respecting whatever decisions new teachers or doctors have made.万能结尾句1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that _. In that case, _.2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, _. for another, _.3. My experience tells me that to _ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of _.5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to _.6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that _.7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of _. Only in this way can _ in the future.8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of _.9. But _ and _ have their own advantages. For example, _, while _. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to _.10. In my opinion, _ is just as common as _. If _, it may be very useful. Whatever _, the key point lies in _.11. Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems _. As for the second idea, _.12. As a popular saying goes, _. In my opinion what really counts is not _, but _. I believer that as long as _, we will _. So I am for the opinion that _.13. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we _, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.14. Personally, I believe that _. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because _.15. In my opinion, all of the peo