现在完成时-延续性与非延续性动词专题.pptx

延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长 短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：study, learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连 用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于现在 完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how long， since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语 从句连用。 表示时间段的短语有: 1.for+一段时间： eg: for 2 years; for a long time等 2.since从句 since he came here 3.since+时间点名词(+ago) eg：since last year, since 5 days ago 4. how long 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发 生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, move, happen, marry, arrive/reach, post, fall, break, lose, give, join, receive, hear, hear from, become 等。 这类动词不是不能用于完成时态。只是不能用于由how long提问的句子和含有for+一段时间的完成时态中。 常见的这类动词有： go, come, leave, arrive, lose, lend, catch, join, kill, find 等。 例如：1. He has joined the club for a long time. ( 错 ) 2. He has been a member of the club for a long time. ( 对 ) 3. His grandfather has died for over 30 years. ( 错 ) 4. His grandfather has been dead for over 30 years. ( 对 ) 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用， 如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例: He unfortunately passed away last year. 他去年不幸逝世。 He died 5 years ago. 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例: I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from my parents for a long time. 我有好长时间没收到父母来信了。 He hasnt left home for a week. 他有一个星期没出门了。 如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 非延续性动词延续性动词 leave be away (from) borrowkeep buyhave begin/startbe on diebe dead finishbe over joinbe in+组织机构; be a member of+组织机构 open sth.keep sth. open come herebe here go therebe there 非延续性动词延续性动词 becomebe come backbe back come to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/ move to be (in)/stay(in/at) live in go (get) outbe out put onwear fall/become illbe ill get upbe up catch a coldhave a cold fall asleepbe asleep get to knowknow wake up/get upbe up closebe closed get marriedbe married 例：他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. 正：He died three years ago. 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. 正：He came here five days ago. 例句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段 时间“的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以 采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如 上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式. (2)用句型“It is+段时间+since.”表达原意，如上面两 例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型“时间+has passed+since.”表达原意，如上 面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)将句中表示“段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时 间的状语，如下面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为 可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状 语连用。 1.He hasnt left here since 1986. 2.I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成 “not+终止性动词+until/till .”的句型。 意为“直到才“。 如：1. You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不 可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。 when表示的时间是“点时间“(从句谓语动词用终止性动词 )，也可以是“段时间“(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。 而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词 用延续性动词。 1. When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性动词) 2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限 于肯定式)。 误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here? 正：When did you come here? 注意 在不同的语言环境中，有些动词可以作延 续性动词或非延续性动词， 如： sit, walk, move, run, feel 等。 1. He sat in the grass, watching the sun rising. 2. He sat in the grass and began to read. （延续性动词） （非延续性动词） 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago. 3.他已经回来三天了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 He has come here since 6 olock. He has been here since 6 oclock. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。 I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years. 终止性动词又叫瞬间动词或点动词，瞬间动词的肯 定句在一般情况下，不能与表示一段时间的状语或 疑问词连用。 但是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间 的状语、连词连用，它的含义是好长时间没进行这 个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。 可用于现在完成时态，但由于动作是瞬时间完成的 所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。 英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相 应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段 时间的的状语连用。 1. He is dying. 2. He has died. 一个生物体是死是活，界与其终结生命的 前与后的一霎那，如果上述例句加上了表 达段的时间状语，试请问：该人是死是活 ？ 但是，有几个表示去向的非延续性动词如 go, come, start, leave 等，可以同表示时间段的状语 for 短语连 用。 但要注意，这种用法的 for 短语表示的不是句中谓语动 词延续的时间，而是该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要 的时间。 例如： 1. She has gone to Nanjing for three days. (= Shes come here, intending to stay for three days.) 2. Alice has