英语考研之核心词汇wordA-L.doc

基础篇核心词汇Aaccompaniment n. * U, C 唱歌时的伴奏 例：He sang to a piano accompaniment.他演唱由钢琴伴奏。 C sth. that is provided or used with sth. else伴随物；附属物；配料 例：White wine provided the perfect accompaniment to the meal.白葡萄酒是这顿饭的最佳佐餐酒。account for 说明原因，提出理由 例：He could not account for his absence from school.他无法说明他旷课的原因。 * （在数量方面）占 例：Petrochemicals today account for one fourth of all the chemicals made.石油化工产品现在已占所有化学制品的四分之一。address vt. 在（信封或包裹上）写姓名、地址 例：There is a letter addressed to you.有封写给你收的信。 向讲话；对发表演说 例：He addressed the audience in an eloquent speech.他向听众发表了雄辩的演说。 * 探讨（如何处理问题） 例：The articles address the problems of diseases connected with malnutrition.这篇文章探讨的是与营养不良有关的疾病。n. 地址，住址 演说，讲话 例：deliver an opening address致开幕词admittedly ad.修饰句子的副词 诚然，确实地；不可否认地 例：Admittedly, Ive never actually been there.说实在的，我从未去过那。adoption n. U, C 收养 例：He was pleased by the adoption of a little girl.他收养了一个女孩，感到很高兴。 * U the act of starting to use a particular plan, method, way of speaking etc采纳，采用 例：the adoption of a simple writing style朴实的写作风格的采用aerophone n. 吹奏乐器，气鸣乐器; aero 前缀，表示“空气（的）；航空（的）；飞机（的）” 例： aerodynamics n. 空气动力学， aeroengine n. 飞机引擎aesthetician n. * （审）美学家 美容师agent n.C 代理人，代理商，代理公司；经纪人 例：Were acting as agents for Mr. Watson. 我们是沃森先生的经纪人。 /estate agent 房地产经纪人 / travel agent旅行社 特工人员，情报员 * sb. or sth. that affects or changes a situation原动力，动因 例：Technological advances are the chief agents of change. 技术进步是变革的主要原动力。all but几乎，差不多 例：Their screams of excitement all but drowned out the music.他们激动的尖叫声几乎淹没了音乐。along/on the lines(of) 按方式 例：Weve both been thinking alone the same lines.我们两人一直都以同样的方法思考。/ We will do it along the lines of your suggestion.我们会按照你的建议来做的。approach vt. to come near or nearer to (sb./sth.) in space or time走近, 靠近（某人/某事物） 例：As they approached the wood a rabbit ran out of the trees. 他们走近树林的时候一只兔子从树丛里跑了出来。 to almost reach a particular high level or amount, or an extreme condition or state（水平或数量上）接近 例：temperatures approaching 35 接近35摄氏度的温度 / Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeares greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背。 to begin to deal with a difficult situation in a particular way or with a particular attitude对付，处理 例： .he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。(2006考研翻译试题)vi. 走近, 靠近；临近 （水平或数量上）接近 n. * C方法；步骤，途径（后跟介词to） 例：a new approach to teaching languages教授语言的新方法 U 靠近；接近；临近 例：At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了。 arm n. 手臂，上肢 （用复数）武器装备 例：The government is cutting arms expenditure. 政府正在削减武器开支。 vt. 为提供武器装备，武装（后跟介词with） 例：The mob armed themselves with sticks and stones.暴乱的人群用棍子和石块作武器。 * 为提供知识、信息、力量等的准备 例：Ive armed myself with all the facts I need to prove my point.我已准备好充分的事实来证明自己的观点。asking price 卖主的开叫价，卖出价 例：They refused to accept less than the asking price.他们言无二价.assess vt. * to form a judgment about (esp. a situation or a persons qualities) 评价，评定 例：Its difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 现在还难以评价新法令的效果。 to calculate the value or cost of sth.估价(后跟介词at) 例：have a house assessed by a valuer 由估价者给房子估价 / The value of the research was assessed at 1.25 million. 这项研究的价值估计在125万英镑。 确定（纳税的）额度at/in issue 在争论中的，待裁决的 例：Whats at issue here is the whole future of the industry.争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景。at length 最后，终于 例：The opposing forces at length met and at once joined battle.敌对的两军最终相遇，立即开火交战。 * 详尽地，详细地 例：We will debate the subject at length later when we are at leisure.我们等有空再对这题目展开辩论。attribute () vt. regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth.认为属于，把归因于 （后跟介词to） 例：a saying usually attributed to Confucius 通常认为是孔子说的一句名言 / Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt.并非所有这些人口迁移都是为了离开寒冷地带。（1998考研阅读Text 4）n. C * （通常指好的、有用的）特性，特质，属性 例：What attributes should a good manager possess? 一名优秀的经理应该具有什么样的特点？ 人物或其地位的标志；象征 例：The scepter is an attribute of kingly power. 节杖是国王权力的象征。at two weeks notice 提前两周通知；at short(a moments) notice随时，提前很短时间通知 例：We are ready to start at short notice.我们已准备好，接到通知就可以出发。at your leisure 有空时，方便时 例：Take the leaflets home and read them at your leisure.把这些宣传册拿回家，闲暇时慢慢看。awful a. very bad or unpleasant极坏的，糟糕的；令人不快的 例：It would be awful if he found out the truth.如果他发现了真相，那就糟了。 * used to emphasize how much or how good, bad etc sth. is极度的，非常的 例：Thats an awful lot of money.那是很多很多钱哪。 / an awful fool 大笨蛋 威严的，庄重的；令人崇敬或敬畏的a (whole) host of 大量，许多 例：A whole host of difficulties has /have arisen. 出现了一大堆的困难。Bback dues 拖欠的会费；back rent/taxes/pay拖欠的租金/税款/工资backstabbing a. 在背后捅刀的，暗箭伤人的；来自动词短语stab sb. in the back背后中伤某人；背叛 例：One of them smiles in your face while the other stabs you in the back.他们两人中一个当面对着你笑，另一个在你背后放暗箭。backup n./ a. * 支援（者），支持（者） 备用品 例：a backup plan/system/pilot备用计划/备用系统/候补飞行员back up 支持（某人），证实（某说法） 备份，复制（磁盘） 向后移动bear down on/upon 向快速逼近，冲向 例：A powerboat was bearing down on us.一艘汽艇正向我们逼近。(be)bound up with 与有密切关系 例：Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关。（2000年考研翻译）be driven to/go to fantastic(any/some/great/extraordinary etc)lengths(to do sth.) 竭尽全力；不遗余力 例：She goes to extraordinary lengths to keep her private life private.她竭尽全力让自己的私生活不受干扰。be/feel at home to feel comfortable in a place or with a person舒服自在，不拘束 例：Im already feeling at home in the new apartment.我在新公寓里已经感到习惯自如了。 / Penny is very much at home with Rogers family.彭尼与罗杰的家人相处时毫不感到拘束。 * 精通，熟悉，运用自如（后跟介词with/in） 例：He is at home with Spanish.他精通西班牙语。feel free 尽管做，没问题 例：“Can I use your phone please?” “Feel free.” “我能用一下你的电话吗？”“请便。” / Please feel free to look around.请随便到处看看。benefit n. C, U 好处，益处 * （政府提供给病人及失业者的）救济金 例：How much unemployment benefit do you get?你得到多少失业救济金？big time n.（尤指演艺界或政界的）头号地位；最高成就；一流水平 例：Many young actors go to Hollywood, but few of them reach the big time.许多青年演员都到好莱坞去，但很少有人成名。*ad. very much；extremely非常，很；大大地 例：She complained about bad weather big time.她大大地抱怨了一番坏天气。biodiversity n. 生物多样性；bio前缀，表示“生命，生物的”例：biochemistry生物化学，biosphere生物圈blow away * to completely surprise sb., to affect intensely; overwhelm使大为惊讶；强烈影响，征服 例：That concert blew me away.音乐会震撼了我。 to defeat sb. completely, esp. in a game (尤指在比赛中)彻底战胜 例：Nancy blew away the rest of the skaters.南希战胜了其他的滑冰运动员。body n. 身体，躯干 * a group of people who work together to do a particular job or who are together for a particular purpose团体，机构，群体 例：governing body管理机构 / We have a student body from a wide range of background.我们有各种各样背景的学生。boost vt./n. * increase the strength or value of (sth.); help or encourage (sb./sth.) 增强（某事物）的力量；提高（某事物）的价值；帮助，鼓励（某人）例：boost share prices提高股票价格/ boost sb.s confidence/morale/ego增强某人的自信心/士气/自尊 to advertise something by discussing or praising it 吹捧，大肆宣传 例：a special promotion to boost their new product为推销新产品而特别开展的宣传活动 break in * 强行闯入（以行窃） 例：Burglars had broken in while we were away on holiday. 我们外出度假时, 小偷闯入屋内行窃。 to make a person or animal get used to a certain way of behavior or working使（人或动物）习惯于某种行为或工作，使驯服，训练成为 例：Dont worry about doing the accounts，well break you in gently.别担心会计工作，我们会让你慢慢熟悉的。 打断，插嘴（后常跟介词on） 例：Please dont break in on our conversation.请不要打断我们的谈话。bring in * to allow or invite someone to become involved in a discussion, investigation, etc 让参与 例：They brought the police in when it all became serious. 当事态变得很严重时，他们叫来了警察。 to introduce(legislation, a custom, fashion, topic etc)提出(新法案)；引入（时尚、习俗、话题等） to earn or produce a particular amount of profit赢利，赚钱 例：The sale of the house only brought in about $45,000. 卖房子只赚了约4.5万美元。bruised a. 青肿的，碰伤了的 例：a badly bruised knee 瘀伤严重的膝盖 * （感情等方面的）挫伤了的，受伤害的 例：The incident bruised his pride.这次事件挫伤了他的自尊。 文中指“（人格、人性）在歧视妇女的教化下而扭曲了的”bug n. C （尤指令人讨厌的）小虫子 机器故障（尤指计算机中的缺陷） 例：Theres a bug in the system. 设备中有故障。*vt. 打扰；激怒；使厌烦 例：It really bugs me when the car behind me drives too close.后面的汽车离我太近，实在讨厌。bulk n. （作the bulk）the main or largest part of sth.（某事物的）主要部分；大半 例：The eldest son inherited the bulk of the estate. 长子继承了遗产的大部分。 C 常用单数 a big mass or shape of sth.大团，大块 例：the great bulk of a building巨大的楼体 U 体积，尺寸，（人的）块头 例：Do they charge carriage by bulk? 他们是否按体积计算运费？ a.（买、卖、运输货物时）大批的，大量的 例：heavy bulk commodities. such as coal, chemicals, and grain 煤炭、化学制品和粮食这类大宗货物（2003考研真题Text 3） 短语搭配 *in bulk整批地，大批地 例：buy (sth.) in bulk 大量购买（某物）bully n. C 恃强凌弱者；流氓，暴徒 vt. to threaten to hurt or frighten sb. weaker 欺侮例：He was bullied by the older boys at school. 他在学校里受到大孩子的欺负。 to use your strength or power to make sb. do sht. 恐吓, 胁迫 例： The manager tried to bully his men into working harder by threatening them with dismissal. 经理企图以解雇相威胁, 迫使职工更卖力气。by all means * 当然可以（表示同意某个建议或同意某人做某事） 例：By all means try the jacket on, but I think it will be too big.当然可以试穿一下这件夹克，但我觉得肯定太大了。 尽一切办法，务必，一定 例：We have to finish our task by all means.我们必须竭力完成任务。by/in virtue of 凭借（某种手段）；由于，因为 例：He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young.他因年幼而获得免费. / She became a British citizen by virtue of her marriage.她借助婚姻成了英国公民。by ones (own) lights (=according to ones own lights) 按照自己的认识，依照自己信奉的处世之道 例：He was a good father by his lights, but very strict.按照他自己的标准他是个好父亲，但过于严格。Ccall off 把叫开（以使其停止攻击） 例：Call off the dogits frightening my son.把狗叫走，它吓着我儿子了。 * 取消，撤销（计划或活动） 例：The meeting was called off.会议已取消了。call/take the roll点名 例：Now Ill call the roll.现在我点名了。canned a. （食物）罐装的 * 事先预备好的，（电视、广播节目的音乐、笑声等）事先录制好的 例：canned music/laughter预录音乐/笑声cap n. 帽子；盖子；罩，套 * （金额的）最高限度 例：price caps 最高价格限制 / a cap on local council spending地方委员会的最高开支限额vt. (capped, capping) 覆盖，笼罩；以结束（后跟介词with） 例：Snow has capped the mountains.雪盖住了山。 / a graceful tower capped with a glided dome 带有镏金圆顶的美丽塔楼 / cap a meal with dessert在一餐饭的结尾端上甜点 * 规定（收费或开支的）限度 例：the only county to have its spending capped by the government 唯一一个被政府限制开支的州郡to cap/top it all （用于故事或叙述的结尾）最糟糕（最倒霉、最有趣等）的是 例：And to cap it all, I found Id left my purse at home. 最糟糕的是，我发现我把钱包忘在家里了。catalogue （又作 catalog）n. 目录（逐条列记的名单，通常包括描述性的信息或插图），目录册 例：a catalog of all the books in the library图书馆里所有书籍的目录 一连串（糟糕）事 例：a catalogue of disasters接二连三的灾难vt. 为编目录，将列入目录 例：Can you catalogue the VCD sets you sell? 你能不能把你们出售的VCD机编目? * 记载，登记（某人某事的详情）catch on vi. 开始明白、意识到（后跟介词to） 例：I didnt catch on to this joke.我没明白这个笑话。 * 变得流行 例：It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly.这首歌很好，我想它会很快流行起来。catering n. * 公共饮食业，给养 承办酒席（的行业）例：Who did the catering for your sons wedding? 谁承办你儿子婚礼的酒席? cell n.C 细胞 小房间（如修道院里的密室或狱中的牢房） * a small group of people forming a centre of (esp. revolutionary) political activity（尤指革命的）政治活动小组 例：a terrorist cell 恐怖分子的小组 channel vt. （通过管道）输送（水） 例：An efficient irrigation system channels water to the crops. 有效的灌溉系统把水输送给庄稼。 * 把（钱或精力等）导向（某一特定目的）；引导 例：Nancy channels her creativity into her home life. 南希把她的创造才能用于她的家庭生活。n. C （广播、电视）频道 用复数 （表达思想、感情，发泄体力，传递或获得信息的）途径，手段，渠道 例：If you go through official channels, your application will take months. 如果通过正式途径，你的申请要几个月才能批准。 / The kids need a channel for all that energy.孩子们需要一种途径去发泄他们的精力。 海峡 例：the English Channel 英吉利海峡circulate vt.&vi. to move around within a system, or to make sth. do this （使）循环，环流 例：Blood circulates around the body. 血液在体内循环。 * to pass from one place, person, etc to another（使）流传, 传播 例：The news of her death circulated quickly. 她去世的消息迅速传开。/ Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详情的通知了吗? （货币等）流通；（报刊等）发行cleanup n. 清扫，大扫除 * 肃清，整顿（运动） 例：a cleanup campaign整顿运动clean up 彻底打扫，清理 例：a plan to clean up the bay清理海滩的计划 改掉（不良行为等） 例：clean up your act改掉坏习惯 to improve moral standards in a place or organization肃清，整顿 例：Its high time British soccer cleaned up its image.英国足球该改善自己的形象了。colouring n. 食物色素 * （皮肤、头发及眼睛的）颜色 例：She has very fair colouring.她肤色白皙。 （动植物的）颜色，色彩comeback n. C * 重新流行，卷土重来 例：make/stage a comeback 卷土重来 快速的回嘴，回击（通常为巧妙的、尖刻的） 例：I couldnt think of a good comeback.我想不出该怎么回嘴。come back 回来，返回 重新流行 例：High heels are coming back into fashion.高跟鞋又流行起来了。 回嘴，回击 例：He came back at me immediately, accusing me of being a liar.他马上又指责我，说我是个骗子。come forward to offer yourself for a job, election etc毛遂自荐，自告奋勇，主动争取 例： More women are coming forward as candidates than ever before. 比以前更多的女性主动自荐为候选人。 / We need more volunteers to come forward to help.我们需要更多志愿者自告奋勇来帮忙。 * to offer help to sb. in authority who needs it or has asked for it提供帮助（后跟介词with） 例：A young girl has come forward with a description of the attacker. 一个年轻女孩站出来对袭击者作了一番描述。come to terms with 让步，妥协；接受（不愉快的事情） 例：Its hard to come to terms with being unemployed. 很难接受失业这个现实。commission n. C 委托，委托的职责或工作 例：She has received many commissions to design public buildings.她接受多项委托, 设计公共建筑。 C 调查团；考察团；委员会 * C,U an amount of money that is paid to sb. according to the value of the goods they have sold 佣金；酬金 例：You get 10% commission on everything you sell.你可从售出的每件货物中得到10%佣金。 / She is working for us on commission.她按赚回扣方式为我们工作（没有薪水）。vt. 委托写、制作（某物）例：Well be commissioning a report on teenage alcoholism. 我们将委托别人就青少年酗酒现象写篇报道。 使（机器、 设备等）开始使用 例：The nuclear plant now being built is expected to be commissioned in five years time. 正在建造的核电站预计在五年后投产。commit vt. 做（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事） 例：crimes committed by young people低龄人群犯罪 / commit suicide自杀 * to say that sb. will definitely do sth. or must do sth. 使承担义务；为（某人）作出保证（后跟介词to） 例：The contract commits him to playing for the team for the next three years. 合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。 to decide to use money, time, people etc for a particular purpose 拨款，调拨 例：A large amount of money has been committed to this project. 已经拨了一大笔钱给这项工程。commitment n. * 承诺；约定；承担义务 例：His political commitment is only skindeep.他政治上的承诺只是表面文章。 致力，献身 例：her commitment to a great cause她投身于一伟大事业中compelling a. * very interesting or exciting, so that you have to pay attention极为有趣的，引人入胜的 例：a compelling novel引人入胜的小说 亟待解决的，极需得到关注的；有说服力的 例：He felt a compelling need to tell sb. about his idea.他急需把自己的想法告诉别人。 / a compelling reason不得不同意的理由confines n. limits or borders范围，界限；边界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围confront vt. * to come in front of and deal with (a difficult or threatening situation), or to cause (sb.) to deal with sth.（使某人）面对或正视令人不快的人、事物 例：.our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. 我们不能面对这个现实却正危及着我们自身的伟大。（2003考研真题Text 4） / On my first day at work I was confronted with the task of chairing a meeting. 我第一天上班就面临主持一个会议的任务。 present sb. with sth., usually to accuse or criticize 使对质，使当面对证（后跟介词with）例：When confronted with the evidence of her guilt, she confessed.她面对罪证供认不讳。contend vi. to struggle in order to overcome a rival, competitor or difficulty竞争，争夺；（与困难等）斗争 例：contend for the World Heavyweight Title争夺世界重量级冠军 / contend with/against difficulties 与困难作斗争 / Shes had a lot of problems to contend with. 她有许多问题要解决。 *vt. to argue or state that something is true声称，断言，主张 例：I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. 我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病。contract n. C 契约；合同 vi. to become smaller or narrower缩小；收缩 例：Metal contracts as it becomes cool. 金属冷却时收缩。 *vt. to begin to have an illness患（病） 例：He contracted pneumonia.他得了肺炎。convergence n. 汇聚，聚焦，集合于一点 例：a town at the convergence of two rivers位于两条河流交汇处的城镇； con前缀，表示“与一起，联合” 例：confederation n. 联邦，conspire v. 一同谋划，concentric a. 同中心的costeffective bringing the best possible profits or advantages for the lowest possible costs低成本高利润的，有成本效益的 例：It isnt costeffective to build cars in such small quantities.这么小批量地制造汽车不划算。counterbalance n./v. 平衡，抗衡；平衡抵消物； counter 前缀，表示“相反的，相对的”如 counterattack v. 回击，counterpart n. 地位、职务等相当的人，对等物 cut to the chase 本意指电影结束于结尾追逐戏的高潮部分，后引申为不绕圈子，开门见山，单刀直入 例：Lets cut to the chase. There will be no tax relief this year.直接说吧，今年不会减税。Ddamning a. proving or showing that sb. has done sth. very bad or wrong证实某人犯错或有罪的 例：damning indictment/comment/account极为不利的控告/评论/叙述damn sb./sth. with faint praise明褒实贬，用冷漠的赞扬贬低 例：She damned Reynolds with faint praise, calling him one of the best imitators in the world.她不阴不阳地夸赞雷纳德，称他为世界第一模仿家。damp sth. down to make a fire burn more slowly, often by covering it with ash or reducing the flow of air封（火），减弱（火势） 例：We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火。 * 控制；减少；抑制（尤指感情） 例：damp down sb.s spirits/energy/ardor/etc 打击某人的情绪/干劲/热情等 / Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可减震。dead ad. * completely，very十分地，完全地，绝对地 例：He was dead goodlooking.他长得真是好看。 / The road was dead straight.道路笔直。 directly or exactly直接地，正对地；正好 例：I stared dead ahead at the doorway.我直直地盯着前面的门口看。 / dead on time十分准时地decamp vi. (士兵) 撤离营地 * 匆忙秘密地离开 例：She has decamped with all our money.她携带我们所有的钱潜逃了。decommission vt. 使（军舰等）退役 * （机器、 设备等）停止使用； de前缀， 构成动词、名词，表示“相反，否定” 例：decriminalize v.使（原属非法的东西）合法化，deindustrialization n. 非工业化 构成动词，表示“除去；（使）脱离” 例：debone去骨，deplane下飞机 构成动词，表示“减少；降低” 例：devalue贬值deep down * 心底里，内心深处 例：She seems indifferent, but deep down shes very pleased.她貌似无动于衷, 其实心里非常高兴。 实际上，本质上 例：Deep down, she was still a rebel.她实质上仍是个叛逆者。defect n.C 缺陷，瑕疵；不足之处 例：All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory.所有汽车在出厂之前都要检查有无缺陷。 vi. * to leave your own country or a group in order to go to or join an opposing one逃离；背叛，变节（后跟介词from） 例：She defected from the Liberals a