雅思作文必知要点.doc

上 51IELTS上看了预测，不要再用范文上的那些套路词语了！IELTS考官已经看腻了那些了，写出自己的个性和特点，新颖一点，放开写20分钟 段落数目应在3至5段之间为适宜注意答题的展示 12点应注意的事情： 1） IELTS写作测验答题不用写题目，也不用重写问题在答案上方； 2） 左右必须留下约一寸的间格； 3） 您可用传统方法（即每段的下一行向右移一寸）或用现代方法（在段落之间留一行空行）来分段， 但千万不要同时使用这种方法； 4） 千万不要邻行书写； 5） 应用尽每一行，由左到右的空间都应用尽，除非最后一个字太长会超过右面留空的间隔； 6） 切记不要分字； 7） 写大概10至12个字一行，这样可限制自己字体不会太大，字与字之间的空位也不会太大，而且数字 时也比较方便； 8） 用草写。草写令您的文章显得较成熟，但必须易看。正写字体显得幼稚。由于草写是一般受高深 教育的西方人的写法，为留下良好的第一印象，您应采用这种写法； 9） 尽量选择粗线条的原子笔和蓝色墨水。心理学来说，较粗的笔迹令人有较深的印象，而蓝色令人看 得舒服和轻松； 10） 如您写错字的话，划掉它重写一次便可； 11） 虽然没有明文规定是否整齐会影响分数，但心理学来讲，您的文章是用来影响评分者的，因此整齐 漂亮的文章会留下一个好印象； 12） 标点符号绝不能用错，避免用感叹号（！）和问号（？）。 了解问题的意思 如您不能做到以下几点，您的写作成绩不会理想： 1）用少的字数写出题目要求您写的答案。考试虽没有限定最多字数，但试卷的空间却有限； 2）直接针对问题，当您准确地认定题目后写作的时候不要偏离题目； 3）清楚您的文章是对谁写的。当您要考的是Academic Module,您的文章应用正式的格式来写。例如当 题目要求您写信给学校老师，您应用正式的格式。尽量不要用不正统的字眼，例如“etc”“and soon”等等； 4）写评分者想看到的答案，如题目要您写“your own experience”，意思是指您过去所有的知识， 并非真指您的个人经验（personal experience）。如题目是叫您提出意见或建议，千万不要写得 太概括、太简单和写一些人所共知的事。记着应详细和针对要点。 用三节式写作方法 正统的文章段落句子和每一个字都可分 3部分 一个字： (prefix) + stem + (suffix) 例： (un) + forget + (able) 一句基本句： subject + verb + complement 例： I + love + you 一段段落： 1）题目句(Topic Sentence) - 说明这段落会表达的意见 2）解释(Explanation) - 令题目更清晰，让读者明白 证明(Evidence) - 写出证据支持自己的论据 例子(Examples) - 进一步支持自己的论点 额外说明(Extra detail) - 加强主题论点 3）结句(Summary Sentence) - 总结整段 一段文章： 1）介绍(Introduction) 2）主体(Body) 3）结论(Conclusion) 用这个规格写文章，写作表达的时候会轻松很多。 句子必须有意义 不要写太简单和没有意义的句子，但也不要故作深奥。一句正确而简单的句子绝对比一句复杂而错误的句子好。 例句： 1） There are many rich and poor countries in the world. 2） There are many more poor countries than rich countries, yet the latter are in possession of almost all the worlds economic wealth. 很明显第二句比第一句提供更多资讯。 考生常问的问题 *如我在限时内不能完成文章怎么办? 由于您不能在指定时间内完成指定的工作，您的分数一定会大受影响。您可多练习以增加速度。最聪明的方法是用20分钟完成第一部分，用40分钟完成第二部分。 *串字对错是否会影响测验成绩? 是的，串字和标点符号是否运用得当绝对会影响测验成绩，但不用因写错一些字而紧张，始于您并非用英语作为母语，最重要的还是能正确表达您的意思出来。 *如我对要回答的问题完全不熟悉怎么办? 您首先应问自己为什么这种情况会出现在您身上。测验的两部分都只会提及一般的知识，绝不需任何学术知识，您可多看一些英语的报纸和杂志以配合和认识世界所发生的事，尤其是在英语国家发生的新事物。 *我如何加快自己的写作速度? 自己可计时写一些文章，慢慢增加自己的写作速度。另外，用原珠笔写字会比用铅笔写字写得快，拿笔的姿势对写作速度也会有影响，拿笔时千万不要太用力，草写英文绝对比正写英文快。 写作测验的第一部份 Writing Task 1 了解须回答的内容和模式 写作测验的第一部份是测试您解释和表达一些图表上的资料。您必须用自己的文字写一篇完整的文章表达。您最少要写 150字。您不用给任何意见做任何假设或做结论。 题目提供给您的资料会用以下其中一种方式出现： 一幅图画（a graph） 圆图或柱图（pie chart or bar chart） 图表内有一些资料（Table of information） 一程序或步骤图（Diagram of stages of processor procedure） 一连串事情的经过（Sequence of events） 说明书（表）（picture of an object showing how it works） 题目可能是一样以上的图表，题目有时不会特别说话，但通常您都会需要做一些资料的比较。在正式回答之前，用一两分钟弄清楚现有的资料和题目的要求。 设计段落 您只有 20分钟时间完成第一部份，您绝对没有时间详细安排。你首先需认清图表的总义，然后决定应如何分段。记着您并不需要另分一段写结论(Conclusion)。您的段落数目应在3至5段之间为适宜。 怎样写 Reference 以下是用 “Reference”的一些格式。这些句子会帮助让读者了解资料是出自何处。 The table/chart diagram graph shows (that). According to the As (is) shown in the As can be seen from the . figures statistics shows (that). It can be seen from the We can see from the It is clear from the It is apparent from the table/chart diagram graph figures (that) . diagram shows describes illustrates how. 记着不要用这类句子太频引至不必要的重覆。 写一个好的介绍文 读者看您的文章时是不会看那些图表的，因此您的文章必须令人明白图表所表达的资料。文章的第一句的用处是作为一个介绍（ Introduction），因此这一句必须写得清楚，您可参考写作测验的参考文章。这一句必须要概括而客观。 怎样表达统计数据 如您需写的文章是关于图表，您应注意资料是固定在某一个时间（ fixed in time）还是在连串的时间中转变（changes over time）。如资料是一直转变的，您应用适当的文字和句子描述。资料转变可以是增加（Increase），减少（Decrease），波动（Fluctuate）或稳定（Remain Stable）。一般有两种文法可以表达： 动词 + 副词形式（Verb+Adverb form） 形容词 + 名词形式（Adjective+Noun form） The number of (cars) VERB + ADVERB FORM increased jumped rose significantly decreased dropped fell fluctuated slightly suddenly rapidly dramatically sharply steeply steadily gradually slowly from (June) to (December). between (June) and (December). There was a (very) ADJECTIVE + NOUN FORM sudden rapid dramatic significant sharp steep steady gradual slow slight increase jump rise decrease drop fall fluctuation in the number of (cars) from . to . in the number of (cars) between . and . 并不是每个词都能配合，例如sharp fluctuation. 以下的句法是用于描述稳定资料 The number of (cars sold) remained steady stable from (June) to (December). between (June) to (December). stayed the same There was little hardly any no change in the number of (cars sold) from . to . between . and . 资料的不同状态有不同的用字，以下是一些例子： Steady drop sharp rise peak dramatic fall sharp drop through (to) bottom out (to) reach the bottom gradual increase (to) reach a plateau （to) remain steady 以下是如何描述最高点或最低点的参考句子： The monthly profit The figures The situation peaked in December. at 20% reached a peak a high (point) bottomed out reached rock the bottom a low (point) hit a trough 用动词的时候，要小心注意时式（tense）和语态（Voice）是否恰当，如果是要描述事件过程或步骤，应用现在式（present tense）和被动词（passive voice）来描述每个过程或步骤。 您也可用动名词（Gerund）和不定词（Infinitive）来加强句子的完整性。 例句： The second stage involves conducting suitable research. Notes are taken from available literature at the library. Writing the first draft is the third stage. 写好结论 Writing Task 1 并不同Writing Task 2，您并不需要分段写结论（Conclusion），因为您并不需要发表任何个人意见。通常Writing Task 1 文章的最后一句会被视为结论句。 参考以下一篇实例并注意要点： Dear Sir(1), (2)I am writing to you because I am unable to pay next months rent which is due on Saturday. Unfortunately, the other day I lost my wallet, and there was a large amount of money inside. I have, (3)therefore, had to write to my parents to ask them to send me some money urgently. As soon as it arrives, I will immediately notify you and arrange to pay by cash or cheque. I hope that this does not cause you too much inconvenience. There are also some problems with the flat that I wish to bring to your attention. (4)First, the cold tap in the bathroom will not turn off properly, and the water is dripping constantly. This will need to be fixed quickly because it is wasting water. Second, one of the back rings on the top of the oven does not work at all. Im sorry that I cannot pay the rent on time, and trust that you will understand. (5)Yours sincerely, Mary Campisi 1、标题不能写错。如您不知对方的性别，您应该用“Sir/Madam”； 2、每段应有不同但清楚的要点。您可用以下句子作为文章开始： “I am writing to you because .”“I am writing to you in reference to .”； 3、用适当的连接词如“Therefore”，“However”和“Also”； 4、您也可用顺序词如“First”“Second”等； 5、在商业信件时用“Your Sincerely”来完结而在私人信件时用“Best wishes”； 6、开始时应先交待写信的原因。如需要写的是正式信件，千万不要用“How are you?”等句作开头； 7、证明出您已做的事和想做的事； 8、如您的要求会令人不便，您可用“I hope”； 9、您必须写齐所有问题要求，您所写的要点，否则您的分数一定不会高； 10、您最后一句或最后一段通常是用来重申写信的目的。 写作测验的第二部份 Writing Task 2 了解须回答的内容和模式 Writing Task 2 的占分比例比Writing Task 1高，难度和英语水平的要求都会较高。您花在 Writing Task 1的建议时间是20分钟而花在Writing Task 2的建议时间是40分钟。但您也应留小量时间在最后阶段作最后检查。您并非必须先完成Writing Task 1才能开始Writing Task 2。 在这一部份，您必须写一篇至少250字的评论或报告。 测验考的不只是您的写作能力，它会考您的思考和判断能力。因此，您应对一些社会新闻和常识有一定的认识和见解，但记着，不要写您自己的个人经验，您可运用您的经验客观地表达在文章上。另外您也要能有层次地表现出在此文章上的看法。 写一篇评论文应有的步骤是： 1、分析题目； 2、考虑答案； 3、计划和组织答案； 4、写答案； 5、检查答案。 分析问题 Writing Task 2的问题可分为两类，第一类问题需要以讨论形式作答，您需要讲出正反两面三刀方的论点和您自己的立场。您可设想这是一场辩论比赛，但您要为两方发言。您要写出足够的证据支持您的论点和反驳对立的论点。 第二类问题需要以报告形式作答。您需要多描述和发掘有关题目的处境，您并不需要太着重写自己的意见。您应描述有关题目的处境和发掘事件的成因。虽然您并不需要支持正/反一方的论点，但您应在真实的处境上提出真实的证据。 思考答案 当您计划您的答案时，您应能想到两个或以上的主意支持您的论点。这步骤被称为 “Brainstorming”。您可在一张白纸上写下所有在您脑中浮现的文字和主意。您先不用理会您写下的是否有用，当您写好后您可将题目也写在纸上，然后在围绕题目的地方将您所写下的文字分门别类。在这阶段，您可删除无用的文字或句子。 在第一类问题上，您应至少想到2个或以上的支持论据，而在第二类问题上，您也应至少想到2个或以上可供讨论的话题，但无论是回答哪一类问题，您不应该写超过4个论据或话题，否则，由于字数的限制，您的文章会变得太空泛。 计划答案 您或许没有时间完整写出您的计划，但您必须在心里组织和安排好您的答案。您主要需要安排好 4部份： 1、题目和问题 要认清题目的要求和找出题目中想问的问题； 2、介绍 - 这是用来表达文章的大意，如果要写的是一篇评论文，笔者的方向也要在这里表达出来； 3、主体 - 如主体分为三段的话，通常前两段是您的观点和动手您的理由，后一段是用来平衡讨论的相反 观点； 4、结论 - 会包括一点比较次要的观点。 写答案 在一篇 250字的文章中，介绍文应占大约40个字而结论文应占大约30个字。 当计划好后，您便可以开始作答。记着您是不用写题目或写问题在答题纸上的。 介绍（ Introduction） 介绍文是一篇文章的 “地图”，用来提导读者方向。介绍文中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题。之后的一至两句则是用来表达您自己的个人意见（评论文）或支持论点的客观事实（报告），通常介绍文的最后一句是用来带领读到主体文。 主体（ Body） 与介绍文一样，主体文每段的第一句都是用来说明整段的大意，之后的内容可用连接词（如 However, Although, Not only, Also, Even though, Consequently, In addition 等等）或顺序词（Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly .）连贯在一起。 在一篇文章中，连接词尽量不要重覆。 如您是在提出一个论点，在同一段落里必须有您支持这个论点的理由和证据，每段的最后一句通常用来总结整段的意思。 在一篇评论文中，必须有一段相反论点以平衡整个讨论，在这一段里，您必须能有理地反驳这些相反论点，讲出为什么您要持相反意见。您可强烈地、温和地或只是部分地反对。以下是一些应写在这一段内的建议句子： Many people Others Those who disagreebelieve that . may argue that . point out that . However, I strongly disagree . Nothing could be further from the truth (Strong disagreement) because . .In fact, . . for the following reasons: I find it hard to agree . Nevertheless, I cannot agree . (Mild disagreement) Perhaps this is true, but it cannot be denied that . This is partly true, then again . ( Concessional disagreement) 结论 (Conclusion) 结论文的开始通常都会用一个特别结论句式（ In general, To sum up, To conclude, In conclusion等等）来串联整段。在结论文中，条件句（Conditional sentence）(If., .)是非常有用的，当然，您在文章的其他位置是可以用条件句，当您用条件句时，您须注意有没有文法错误。 在一篇 250 字的文章中，结论文通常只能有一至两句。结论只是用来总结文章之前的意思，除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如题目要求的话，您可在结论上提出您的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。学学排比句as bald as a coot 头发脱光的（像黑鹅一样秃）as blind as a bat 有眼无珠（像蝙蝠一样瞎）as blind as an owl 瞎透了（像猫头鹰一样瞎）as bold as brass 厚颜无耻（像黄铜一样厚脸皮的）as busy as a bee 极忙碌（像蜜蜂一样忙碌） as clear as a bell 健全的（像铃铛一样健全） as clear as day 一清二楚的（像白天一样清楚） as cool as a cucumber 极为冷静的（像黄瓜一样冷静）as easy as a pie 极容易（像馅饼一样容易） as fussy as a hen with one chick 在小事上瞎操心 as hard as the nether millstone 铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬) as hungry as a hunter 非常饥饿（像猎人一样饥饿） as lively as a cricket 极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）as mad as a wet hen 非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）as mild as a dove 非常温和（像鸽子一样温和）as plain as the nose in your face 一清二楚（像你脸上的鼻子一样清楚）as poor as a church mouse 赤贫的（像教堂的老鼠一样穷）as proud as a peacock 极骄傲（骄傲得像只孔雀） as strong as a horse 健壮如牛 as stupid as an owl 极愚蠢（像猫头鹰一样愚蠢）as thin as a wafer 极薄（像糯米纸一样薄）as true as steel 绝对可靠（像钢一样可靠）as true as touch 绝对真实a large crowd of people 人山人海 ，电影院门前大排长龙，也只说：There is (was) a long movie line.Many families have skeletons in the closet. 家家有本难念的经Every family has its own source of shameAll good things come to an end. 天下无不散的宴席 Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart. (bosom friend 是指知心的好友)Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity. 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚He applied bait-and-switch tactics in business. 挂羊头，卖狗肉Say one thing and do another.A word once let go cannot be recalled. 一言既出，驷马难追You can not take back what you have said.Careless talk leads to trouble. 祸从口出，言多必失在body段里面，一个段内就出现argue，这个是6分到7分的区别，就是在idea的运用上面，就是说，你可以在提出论点后，围绕这个论点compare过去现在，多数人和少数人的意见，让文章显得老练成熟，compare的话，其实很多词都可以用上，不一定要翻来覆去的用什么in contrast,by the contrary一类的，while跟whereas等也可以把句子joint到一起组成漂亮的对比！雅思写作优美句子1.When it comes to floor coverings, Milliken modular, broadloom and rugs meet these demands and much more. 2.Milliken Carpet represents a true marriage of function and form, offering unparalleled advantages such as style and innovation; flexibility and performance; value and service.3 Of the topfour design features that teachers believe have astrong impact on student achievement, threesafety,comfort and acousticscan be addressed byincorporating carpet in classroom dcor.4. The fact is, more than 1 million children andadults each year are involved in slip/fall accidents inNorth America. (Canadian Facility Management &Design, 4/02) And, as acknowledged by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission, flooringmaterials directly contribute to slip/fall accidents.(用词的变化)5Due to public and official concerns about carpet,allergy and asthma, Sweden reduced its carpet useby 38 percent since the 1970s.6In a time of budget cutbacks and belt-tightening, schools must be extremely dollar-wise when calculatingdesign budgets. Yet the installation of hard-surface flooring and its ensuing high-cost, labor-intensivemaintenance, takes a heavy bite out of any schools budget.7“Moisture Control is the Key toMold Control8. Carpet improves safety by greatly reducing theincidence and the severity of slip/fall accidents.9in thenext three to five years, approximately 50 percent ofall schools will undergo significant restoration andrenovation at a cost of about $112 billion nationally （只用一个词，而非IN THE WHOLE AMERICA10 A majority of/而不用MOST teachers surveyed have carpet in theirclassroom, and of that group, more than two-thirdsprefer carpet. The majority of respondents also citeincreased safety from falls, increased comfortunderfoot, and better noise absorption.11 Safety issues are a primary consideration in schooldesign, yet the installation of hard-surface flooringinstead of carpet is in direct opposition to safedesign.12 Inaddition to shielding the facility from soil and moisture, Lees walk-offproducts also provide a safe, non-slip surface in areas sensitive to moisture.13 In the past, the public has sometimes inaccurately linked new carpet with the effects of poor indoor air quality. While extensive research has shown that there is no link between carpet and ill-health effects,14. 这里的机会不少但都是建立在你的语言，教育背景上，等这些你都搞定了，至少也有30多了估计大多数人都快接近40了，你在去积累工作经验从头开始？当然你过了15. Major investments in state-of-the-art technologies have enabled Lees to create products that are both higher performing and environmentally soundWe are no longer confined to the compromises imposed by the sourcing, manufacturing, maintenance and disposal practices of the past. 16. Recent environmental issues, such as indoor air quality and overburdening landfill space, are of particular significanceDr. Alan Hedge, professor of design and environmental analysis at Cornell University, asserts that carpet can improve indoor air quality due to its filter-like properties.17.To increase the skills of migrants coming to Australia the passmark for the general skilled independent visa categories for permanent residence will be raised from 115 to 120-句子较长18Remove and clean these rugs while vacuuming the primary carpet or rug. Occasional moving of furniture and reversing of area rugs also is recommended.（句子的变化）19Cornrowing develops in the traffic areas or those areas subjected to more foot action, such as in front of chairs and television sets. Vacuuming alone will not raise the fallen yarns. Specially-designed carpet rakes will lift the yarns, but this may not be permanent-cornrow47Streamlined processes let us provide you with faster service without compromising the standards that have made Durkan Patterned Carpet the designers choice.48At C&A, corporate culture has been a crucial factor in the success of our company. In fact, we attribute the quality of our company and our products to be directly related to the quality of our people.49Treat people fairly, honestly, and intelligently, and theyll respond in kind. Its management based on respect, one that encourages people to strive for their personal best.50However the geographical boundaries were not the only ones that had to be overcome. From the outset of the project, the customer expressed a desire to have the best and most durable materials in this prestigious landmark building, which would become a symbol to enhance the image of the nation. Yet, at the same time, a clearly defined budget had been established, so the project was not without fiscal constraint51The trials could determine whether abuse at Abu Ghraib was an aberration as the U.S. command insists or stemmed from pressure from military intelligence units to make detainees more compliant under questioning. 52. That is absolutely and Idontknowlly unacceptable. Those who are responsible for this, if they have behaved in this appalling way, they will be punished according to the army discipline and rules.-Blair apologies for the abused53.Our results show that moderately and severely obese men were at an increased risk for high PSA levels after surgery and therefore are likely to have prostate cancer recurrence, said Dr. Stephen Freedland, who led the study.Obesity is also linked with pancreatic, breast and colon cancer, as well as heart disease and diabetes.54.Our relationships with employees, customers, suppliers, and community must be based on mutual respect, mutual trust, and mutual benefitThe customer is the only reason we come to work each day. Therefore, we will listen to and seek to understand our customers needs. We will interactively respond to those needs for the mutual benefit of the relationship.INNOVATIONIf you are doing it the same way you did it two years ago, youre probably doing it the wrong way.In an ever-changing marketplace, new products, services, and technologies are the lifeblood of our business. We recognize our responsibility to be a leader in product, technology, and in the marketplace. We will provide a culture that encourages, nurtures, and recognizes innovation.55.The operation was postponed to allow discussion between Iraqi leaders and al-Sadrs militia on a possible negotiated end to the fighting, a senior military official said on condition of anonymity.57. DescriptionA theoretical spreading rate of 0.2 to 0.4 metres per litre will correspond to the particular finish and texture specified. Practical spreading rates will vary due to such factors as method and conditions of application and surface roughness and absorption, allowance for material consumption is to be made for such surface conditionsFor detailed information refer to the current Material Safety Data Sheet available through Orica Texture Coatings S